2023 SAG-AFTRA strike
2023 SAG-AFTRA strike | |||
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Part of 2023 Hollywood labor disputes | |||
![]() SAG-AFTRA members picketing in New York City in July 2023 | |||
Date | July 14, 2023 – present | (1 year, 1 month, 4 weeks and 1 day, or 1 year, 60 days)||
Location | |||
Caused by |
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Goals |
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Parties | |||
On July 14, 2023, the American actors' union SAG-AFTRA (Screen Actors Guild – American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) went on strike over an ongoing labor dispute with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP). It has coincided with a Writers Guild of America (WGA) strike that began in May in a series of broader Hollywood labor disputes.
The strike marks the first time that actors have initiated a labor dispute in the U.S. since the 1980 actors strike and the first time that actors and writers have walked out simultaneously since 1960. Both the 2023 SAG-AFTRA and WGA strikes have contributed to the biggest interruption to the American film and television industries since the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.[2] In addition to standing in solidarity with the writers, the strike is led by changes in the industry caused by streaming and its effect on residuals, as well as other new technologies like AI (including Uberduck.ai which went through major lawsuits from the actors and Universal Group Music in July 21, 2023 a few weeks after the SAG-AFTRA strikes started, 15.ai, FakeYou.com, etc) and digital recreation.
Background
Unionization in Hollywood
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SAG-AFTRA-Building-New-Logo_-_Photo_by_Socialbilitty.jpg/220px-SAG-AFTRA-Building-New-Logo_-_Photo_by_Socialbilitty.jpg)
The Screen Actors Guild – American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) is a labor union that represents approximately 160,000 media professionals and entertainers.[3] The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) trade association represents film and television studios in collective bargaining negotiations with unions such as SAG-AFTRA, the Directors Guild of America (DGA), and Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West, comprising the Writers Guild of America (WGA).[4] SAG-AFTRA was formed by the merger of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) in March 2012, allowing SAG-AFTRA to represent not only actors, but also journalists, talk show hosts, and other broadcast workers.[5] The WGA and the Screen Actors Guild have not simultaneously been on strike since 1960, when actors joined striking writers over residual payments from films sold to television networks.[6] The 1980 actors strike involved the combined efforts of SAG and AFTRA.[7] The largest SAG-AFTRA strike since 1980 occurred in 2000, in which commercial actors went on strike to push for a continuation of the residual system against advertiser backlash, amidst the divisions between SAG and AFTRA.[8]
During the last decade and the rise of streaming, writers and actors have been frustrated over studio policy regarding residuals from streaming services; the decline of network television has led to a stronger reliance on other residuals. The 2007–08 WGA strike was motivated in large part by studio executives insisting that writers should receive no residuals from streaming services.[9] The 2007–08 strike cost the city of Los Angeles an estimated US$1.5 billion, according to NPR.[10] As with striking WGA writers, actors have expressed concerns about the use of artificial intelligence, noting that it could be used to replicate their likeness without compensation.[11][12]
Contract negotiations
Weeks after the Writers Guild of America went on strike in May 2023, SAG-AFTRA's national board of directors unanimously agreed to pursue a strike authorization vote ahead of a renewed contract; SAG-AFTRA approved a new contract in 2020 that would expire on June 30, 2023.[13] The union stated that it did not intend to strike but that it sought to give its negotiators "maximum bargaining leverage" ahead of negotiations on June 7, 2023.[14] SAG-AFTRA cited several issues in negotiations, including "economic fairness, residuals, regulating the use of artificial intelligence and alleviating the burdens of the industry-wide shift to self-taping", and told its members that the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers would cut actors' salaries to "pad corporate profits".[15] In a video released on May 30, 2023, SAG-AFTRA members Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jean Smart, and Kumail Nanjiani appealed to members to vote to strike but reserved that a vote for strike authorization was solely a bargaining tool, not a vote to order an immediate strike.[16]
On June 5, 2023, SAG-AFTRA approved the strike authorization by a 98% margin, according to the union.[17] High-profile members—including Quinta Brunson, Jennifer Lawrence, and Rami Malek[18]—signaled their willingness to strike ahead of the deadline to achieve a "transformative deal",[19] despite "extremely productive" negotiations.[20] SAG-AFTRA agreed to extend negotiations to midnight on July 13, 2023, in an attempt to avoid a strike, but negotiations broke down in July 2023.[21] SAG-AFTRA surveyed members on a strike on July 5, 2023[22] and began preparing picket signs two days later.[23]
The AMPTP agreed to a "last-minute request" for mediation from the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service on July 11, 2023; congressional and public affairs director Greg Raelson stated that a federal mediator would be present the following day. In turn, SAG-AFTRA accused the AMPTP of attempting to extend negotiations beyond the deadline and reiterated that it would not continue negotiating after July 12, 2023.[24] A number of high-profile actors, including Lawrence and Malek, then affirmed their support again by signing a letter urging the union to take aggressive measures and stating their willingness to strike.[25] It was later reported by Variety that mediation collapsed after AMPTP President Carol Lombardini insulted negotiators by telling them to "be civilized" and avert a strike, which prompted a walkout by union negotiators.[26] In response to Lombardini's comment, SAG-AFTRA president Fran Drescher reportedly said to AMPTP negotiators "Now you've got two unions on strike" as they left.[26]
Strike action
![The actress Fran Dresher holding a microphone.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fran_Drescher_2018.jpg/170px-Fran_Drescher_2018.jpg)
On July 13, 2023, with no agreement between SAG-AFTRA and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP), the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee voted unanimously to recommend a strike to the union's national board.[27] The national board held a vote officially approving the strike.[28] SAG-AFTRA president Fran Drescher announced the strike would begin at midnight on July 14;[29] the cast of Oppenheimer left the film's London premiere ahead of the announcement to walk out.[30] Joined by chief negotiator Duncan Crabtree-Ireland,[31] Drescher asserted that the strike was a reluctant last resort[32] and described the proposed contract as "moving around furniture on the Titanic."[33] In the press conference, Crabtree-Ireland alleged that the AMPTP attempted to include a proposal that allowed studios to, for a one-time fee equivalent to one day's pay, have exclusive and indefinite rights to extras' likenesses, including the use of generative AI to replicate them on screen.[34][35] Media commentators likened this to the film The Congress (2013) and the Black Mirror sixth series episode "Joan Is Awful" (2023).[36][37] However, AMPTP denied these claims, stating that their proposal would allow usage of these replicas within the specific film for which they are employed, and that any other uses would require consent and further compensation.[34] The strike officially began on July 14.[38]
As part of the rules established on July 10, actors cannot engage in film or television productions and cannot take part in promotional work, such as press junkets, film premieres, and events—including San Diego Comic-Con, which was scheduled for July 20–23.[39] The strike action does not apply to SAG-AFTRA members who work under those contracts that are negotiated by the union separately from the AMPTP contract, including broadcast journalists.[40] Work in podcasts, "micro-budget" independent films, and student films is allowed, as is "unscripted" television work such as game shows, reality competition shows, documentaries, and talk shows.[41] Internationally, SAG-AFTRA members are authorized to continue work in the United Kingdom under pre-established Equity collective bargaining agreements, as UK law criminalizes solidarity strikes.[42] The HBO series House of the Dragon thus continued its UK-based filming with SAG-AFTRA actors operating under Equity contracts, prompting backlash among fans of the series.[43]
On July 17, SAG-AFTRA released a twelve-page statement outlining the breakdown in negotiations, and terms they found unacceptable, including but not limited to a five-percent salary increase for actors, while the union had asked for eleven percent.[44] The AMPTP released a counter-statement, highlighting that its actions were being "deliberately distort[ed]" and that SAG-AFTRA had chosen to pass over "the most lucrative deal we have ever negotiated... valued at $318 million over the three-year term of the contract."[45][46]
On July 19, 2023, SAG-AFTRA approved more films to be shot during the strike, including Ishana Night Shyamalan's The Watchers. A total of 56 films are now eligible to shoot under strike rules.[47]
New York strikes
SAG-AFTRA's New York picketing action took place at Paramount's New York headquarters at 1515 Broadway and various offices of NBCUniversal, including Rockefeller Center. Jason Sudeikis joined the NBCUniversal picket lines, stating that actors would strike for "as long as it takes", as did Joe Pantoliano, the Naked Cowboy, Alex Edelman, and Sarah Sherman. Meanwhile, at Paramount's headquarters, picket lines included Michael Schur and Kevin Bacon.[48][49][50][51]
Rock the City for a Fair Contract
On July 25, 2023, thousands of actors rallied Tuesday morning at Times Square from 9:30 A.M. to 12 P.M. to voice their concerns about fair treatment and wages. SAG-AFTRA's main contractual negotiator, Duncan Crabtree-Ireland spoke about the struggle that the union is facing with the AMPTP. Many celebrities gave speeches to express their concerns about the future of their union and technological advancements in the industry. In attendance were: Lauren Ambrose, Matt Bomer, Christine Baranski, Steve Buscemi, Vin Diesel, Bobby Cannavale, Henry Cavill, Tituss Burgess, Liza Colón-Zayas, Bryan Cranston, Jennifer Aniston, Rob Riggle, Jessica Chastain, Gregory Diaz, Jennifer Ehle, Brendan Fraser, Rob Schneider, Nancy Giles, Seth Rogen, Ashton Kutcher, Charlie Sheen, Danai Gurira, Jill Hennessy, Marin Hinkle, Ben Stiller, Nicole Kidman, Mila Kunis, Jon Cryer, Stephen Lang, Seth MacFarlane, Cameron Diaz, Tom Holland, Zendaya, Jason Momoa, Arian Moayed, David Spade, Christopher Meloni, Chloë Grace Moretz, Wendell Pierce, Adam Sandler, Keegan-Michael Key, Michael Shannon, Jordan Peele, Christian Slater, Corey Stoll, Merritt Wever, Rachel Zegler, and Tom Cruise.[52][53][54]
Los Angeles strikes
SAG-AFTRA's strikes in Los Angeles targeted the major film studios as well as offices for companies. Drescher personally joined the strikes outside of Netflix's offices. Josh Gad was among the protestors at Fox Entertainment's picket lines. Allison Janney, Kaitlyn Dever, Logan Lerman, and Joey King joined protests at Warner Bros., and actresses Constance Zimmer and Ginnifer Goodwin took part in picket lines at Paramount's Los Angeles studios. Disney's offices saw picket lines whose notable members included Mandy Moore, Michelle Monaghan, Raini and Rico Rodriguez, Danielle Fishel, and Ben Schwartz.[49][55] Picketing was called off for one day, August 21, 2023, due to Hurricane Hilary.[56]
Hostility from Universal Studios Hollywood
NBCUniversal has been accused of conducting business at Universal Studios Hollywood to deter or endanger the protesters and infringe on their rights to protest.[57][58]
On July 12, 2023, a statement was made announcing the construction of a Fast & Furious-themed roller coaster;[59] the date of the announcement coincided with the deadline SAG-AFTRA gave before ending negotiations with the AMPTP, and construction began by the strike's start. This added to the construction that begun on May 8, shortly after the WGA began protesting on-site, obstructing Lankershim Boulevard along the west end of the park's campus and parking lot and further restricting sidewalk access.[60] The sidewalks in front of Gates 1, 2, 4, and 5 would be scaffolded-off and demolished in this construction.[57][60] Despite prior advice from the Los Angeles Police Department's Labor Relations Unit to place K-rails from River Road to Universal Hollywood Drive for the safety of protesters and other pedestrians since WGA protests as early as June 6, none were placed by July 18, by which time reports of two protesters being struck by vehicles had been made.[57][60]
On July 17, the ficus trees on Barham Boulevard's sidewalk outside Gate 8 were pruned almost entirely of their leaves.[61] Pine trees on the opposite side of Barham were not touched, as were a row of pepper trees behind the fence near the production gate. The pruning was described as a vindictive action as the trees were being used by protesters as shade from the above 90 °F (32 °C) summer weather of Southern California, as well as illegal, citing ownership by the city and violation of Los Angeles' tree ordinance codes that prohibit the trimming of trees from July to September.[62][63][64][65] NBCUniversal issued a statement to Deadline Hollywood denying that the trimming was done out of malice, claiming that they trim the trees outside the park in July annually for safety, and describing it and the obstructive construction hazards as "unintended challenges for demonstrators".[57] NBCUniversal was fined US$250 for violating tree laws and destroying city property.[66]
On July 18, SAG-AFTRA and WGA issued a joint grievance to the National Labor Relations Board against NBCUniversal, accusing the company of infringing on their freedom to picket and endangering their members.[67] Writers Guild of America West additionally filed a petition to the AMPTP for NBCUniversal's failure to install barriers to protect their and SAG-AFTRA's protesters from being forced into traffic.[57][60][68] NBCUniversal responded to The Hollywood Reporter in a statement: “We are aware of the WGA and SAG-AFTRA complaints. We strongly believe that the company has fulfilled our legal obligations under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and we will cooperate with respect to any inquiries by the National Labor Relations Board on this issue. While we understand the timing of our multi-year construction project has created challenges for demonstrators, we continue to work with public agencies to increase access. We support the unions’ rights to demonstrate safely.”[58]
"Quick Photo Op" strikes
SAG-AFTRA also staged brief strikes at other locations outside of New York and Los Angeles. Branded as "Quick Photo Op" strikes, these took place in Orlando, Honolulu, and Atlanta. The union stated it plans to launch more protests across the country, requesting that SAG-AFTRA members contact their local executives for details.[69]
Video game strikes
On September 1, the SAG-AFTRA National Board voted to send the video game strike authorization vote to its members.[70][71]
Responses and reactions
Media executives
Before the end of SAG-AFTRA's negotiations, one anonymous AMPTP executive stated that their current strategy was to "allow things to drag on until union members [started] losing their apartments and losing their houses" to force SAG-AFTRA into less favorable negotiating positions.[72]
Casey Bloys, CEO of HBO and HBO Max, said the strike "will slow everything down." He predicted the strike would heavily affect HBO's 2024 season.[73]
Bob Iger
Bob Iger, the CEO of The Walt Disney Company, said the actors' demands were "not realistic", adding they were "adding to the set of challenges that this business is already facing". Iger has been criticized for these remarks in light of his contract with Disney, which allows him to earn as much as $27 million in 2023 between his salary and bonuses.[74] TheWrap wrote Iger makes over 500 times the median salary of Disney employees, while Town & Country wrote it was actually 1,242 times a Disney employee's median salary.[75][76] When asked about Iger's remarks, Drescher described them as "repugnant" and "tone deaf." She went on to call Iger a "land baron" who "has no idea about what is really happening".[77] The Wall Street Journal also called Iger "tone deaf".[78] Actor Bryan Cranston responded to Iger in part: "[W]e will not be having our jobs taken away and given to robots."[79] After backlash to Iger's remarks, Disney listed a position for a crisis public relations executive with an annual $330,000 salary.[80]
Politicians
U.S. president Joe Biden, Vermont U.S. senator Bernie Sanders,[81] and Los Angeles mayor Karen Bass have voiced their support for the actors' union.[82] Biden had previously supported the writers on strike in May 2023.[83][84] Some politicians joined the picket lines themselves, including Burbank mayor Konstantine Anthony (himself a SAG-AFTRA member) and California U.S. Representative Adam Schiff.[85][86] U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez joined the picket line in front of Netflix studios in New York City. She criticized the wealth of studio executives while the average screenwriter or actor struggles to get access to healthcare, and she emphasized the power of direct action in achieving economic victories.[87]
Other unions
Numerous other labor unions in the United States expressed support for the strike. Along with the Writers' Guild, statements of support were released by the Directors Guild and Producers Guild. The International Brotherhood of Teamsters, itself in a contractual dispute with UPS[88] and scheduled to go on strike at the end of July if no deal is reached, expressed support through a statement released by their president, Sean O'Brien.[89] The AFL–CIO additionally threw their support behind SAG-AFTRA, as did the Department for Professional Employees,[90] the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, and the Writers Guild of America, East.[91][92]
Other organizations
Two forthcoming film festivals, the Toronto International Film Festival and the Venice International Film Festival, have acknowledged the potential impact of the strike and its associated ban on promotional appearances by actors if the strike is not resolved by September but have indicated that both events will proceed regardless, with an increase of Canadian, European, Asian, and South American titles in all sections being expected.[93][94] However, leaders of SAG-AFTRA had been adamant that actors in movies with interim agreements should be at festivals to promote them.[95]
Impacted productions
Lucasfilm Animation Singapore
On August 15, 2023, Lucasfilm announced that it will be shutting down its Singapore operations. Disney explained that the shutdown was due to economic factors, with the SAG-AFTRA strike in the United States affecting the industry's work.[96]
See also
Notes
- ^ As SAG-AFTRA members live and work across the country, "strike support events" have been called in other filming locations, including to date Atlanta, Honolulu, and San Francisco.
References
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- ^ a b Baum, Gary (July 18, 2023). "Writers Guild, SAG-AFTRA File Labor Grievance Against NBCUniversal (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ "Universal Studios Hollywood to begin construction on "Fast & Furious" themed rollercoaster - CBS Los Angeles". CBS News. July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ a b c d Writers Guild of America West (July 18, 2023). "WGA NBCU Construction Petition". Google Forms. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Miller, Julius (July 17, 2023). "Striking Writers, Actors Peeved at Hollywood Studio's Spite Stunt: Pruning Trees on Sweltering L.A. Day". Los Angeles. Los Angeles. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
Some are questioning the timing of Universal Pictures's shade-eliminating trimming alongside a picketing route
- ^ "Chapter 16.76 - TREE TRIMMING". library.municode.com. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ Davis, Julie Bawden (February 26, 1994). "When to Prune Trees". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ "NBCUniversal Gets Weak Fine for Mid-Strike Tree Pruning". Gizmodo. July 23, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ "Universal Studios fined for trimming trees that were shading striking actors and writers from extreme heat". Yahoo News. July 23, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Rice, Lynette (July 21, 2023). "More On Treegate: City To Slap Universal With $250 Fine For Trimming Ficus Trees". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ "Striking writers and actors accuse NBCUniversal of blocking picket area". Reuters. July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Writers Guild of America West [@WGAWest] (July 18, 2023). "Say...while you're here, sign the petition being ciruclated by WGA members picketing at @NBCUniversal #WGAstrike" (Tweet). Retrieved July 23, 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ Robb, David (July 17, 2023). "SAG-AFTRA Expands "Quick Photo Op" Strike Events To Orlando, Atlanta & Honolulu". Yahoo Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ "SAG-AFTRA National Board Votes Unanimously to Send Interactive Media (Video Game) Strike Authorization Vote to Members". SAG-AFTRA. September 1, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
- ^ Maddaus, Gene (September 1, 2023). "SAG-AFTRA Seeks Approval for Second Strike Against Video Game Companies". Variety. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
- ^ Wilkinson, Alissa (July 13, 2023). "Hollywood's historic double strike, explained". Vox.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
- ^ Wolinsky, David (July 12, 2023). "HBO Boss Predicts "A Lot Of Pain For Everybody" If Actors Join Writers On Strike". GameSpot. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ^ Shafer, Ellise (July 13, 2023). "Disney CEO Bob Iger Says Writers and Actors Are Not Being 'Realistic' With Strikes: 'It's Very Disturbing to Me'". Variety. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Csathy, Peter (July 27, 2023). "No More Mr. Nice Guy: Bob Iger May Just Want to Sell Disney and Be Done". TheWrap. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ Burack, Emily (July 26, 2023). "Abigail Disney Calls Out Disney CEO Bob Iger". Town & Country. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ Sharf, Zack (July 14, 2023). "Fran Drescher Slams Bob Iger's 'Repugnant' and 'Tone Deaf' Strike Comments: If I Were Disney, 'I Would Lock Him Behind Doors'". Variety. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ Masters, Kim (July 25, 2023). "Unpacking Bob Iger's Terrible, Horrible, No Good PR Week". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ "Bryan Cranston calls out Bob Iger at striking actors' rally". Reuters. July 25, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ Klippenstein, Ken (September 1, 2023). "DISNEY LISTS $330,000 CRISIS PR JOB AFTER CEO INSULTS STRIKING ACTORS AND WRITERS". The Intercept. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ^ Murphy, Chris (July 14, 2023). "President Biden, Bernie Sanders Support SAG Strike". Vanity Fair. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ Johnson, Ted (July 17, 2023). "Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass Issues New Statement On SAG-AFTRA And WGA Strikes With More Explicit Case For "Fair And Equitable" Contracts". Deadline. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ Whitten, Sarah (July 14, 2023). "Biden throws his support behind Hollywood actors' strike". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ Johnson, Ted (July 17, 2023). "Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass Issues New Statement On SAG-AFTRA And WGA Strikes With More Explicit Case For "Fair And Equitable" Contracts". Deadline. Archived from the original on July 17, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ Patel, Jaysha; Hayes, Rob (July 17, 2023). "Adam Schiff, Michael Rapaport join SAG-AFTRA picket lines as 1st full week of strike begins". ABC7 Los Angeles. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ Goldberg, Katie Kilkenny,Lesley; Kilkenny, Katie; Goldberg, Lesley (July 14, 2023). "Burbank Mayor Takes Aim At Hollywood CEOs Amid Actors Strike: "We Need to Keep the Money Here"". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Sainato, Michael (July 24, 2023). "AOC joins Hollywood picket line in New York: 'Solidarity is stronger than greed' Liberal congresswoman criticizes the wealth of studio executives as new contract negotiations remain at loggerheads". Guardian US. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- ^ Cypress, K. C. (July 19, 2023). "UPS Bows to Teamster Pressure, Negotiations to Resume Next Week". International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
- ^ Moskowitz, Daniel (July 13, 2023). "Teamsters Statement on SAG-AFTRA Strike". International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
- ^ "DPE Stands in Solidarity with SAG-AFTRA Members Going on Strike". Department for Professional Employees, AFL-CIO. July 13, 2023. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ "Teamsters, IATSE, Writers Guild, DGA Issue Joint Statement in Solidarity with SAG-AFTRA". IATSE. July 12, 2023. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ "SAG-AFTRA Members on Strike Deserve a Fair Contract | AFL-CIO". aflcio.org. July 14, 2023. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ Ransome, Noel (July 18, 2023). "A starless red carpet? TIFF attendees say festival enthusiasm waning due to strikes". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ Mouriquand, David (July 18, 2023). "Venice Film Festival preparing Plan B if Hollywood strikes continue". Euronews. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
- ^ Robb, David (August 25, 2023). "SAG-AFTRA Tells Members It's OK To Promote Their Movies With Interim Agreements At Film Festivals". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
- ^ "Lucasfilm to shut Singapore operations, affecting more than 300 employees". CNA. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
External links
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