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Etika
Amofah in May 2019
Personal information
Born
Desmond Daniel Amofah

(1990-05-12)May 12, 1990
Brooklyn, New York City
Diedc. June 19, 2019(2019-06-19) (aged 29)
East River, New York City
Other names
  • Iceman
  • Guile-kun
EducationUrban Assembly School for Law and Justice
Occupations
Parent
Websiteetikaworldnetwork.com
YouTube information
Channels
Years active2006–2019
Genres
Subscribers1.3 million (combined)[‡ 1]
Total views146 million (combined)[‡ 1]
100,000 subscribers2015[a]

Desmond Daniel Amofah (May 12, 1990 – c. June 19, 2019), better known as Etika, was an American YouTuber and live streamer. He became known online for his enthusiastic reactions to Super Smash Bros. character trailers and Nintendo Direct presentations, and for playing and reacting to various games. The son of Ghanaian politician Owuraku Amofah, he resided in Brooklyn, New York.

Starting his online career in 2007, Amofah created his main YouTube channel, "EWNetwork" (Etika World Network), in 2012. His fanbase was dubbed the "JOYCONBOYZ" in reference to the Nintendo Switch controller, the Joy-Con. He garnered popularity following the release of Super Smash Bros. 4, primarily stemming from his reaction videos of news surrounding the game. His content consisted of playthroughs of various video games, alongside reaction videos and pre-recorded material.

Between October 2018 and May 2019, Amofah demonstrated signs of mental distress, threatening to commit suicide on multiple occasions and being hospitalized several times. During this period, Amofah uploaded pornography to the EWNetwork channel, resulting in its termination; he then posted statements on social media alluding to suicide. After issuing an apology, Amofah created another channel, "EtikaFRFX", which was terminated for identical reasons. He proceeded to display erratic behavior publicly, including posting cryptic messages online and streaming himself being detained by the police.

Amofah was reported missing on June 20, 2019, after an apologetic video was uploaded to his "TR1Iceman" channel.[b] After recovering his body from the East River near the Manhattan Bridge, officials confirmed Amofah's death on June 25, concluding that he committed suicide by drowning. Amofah's death was met with expressions of shock and grief by fans and fellow YouTubers, with many observers commenting that the signs of Amofah's mental deterioration were either dismissed or ignored.[3][4][5] Numerous commemorations were held to honor Amofah's career as a prominent gaming personality, including fan-made memorials and murals.

Early life

Desmond Daniel Amofah was born on May 12, 1990, in Brooklyn, New York, to Owuraku Amofah, a Ghanaian politician and lawyer from Kibi,[6][7] and Sabrina Amofah.[8][9] His father was based in Ghana in the 1990s, and he stated that he was distant from his father because of his political occupation.[‡ 2][10] He had an older brother, Randy Amofah, who died in 2010 from an asthma attack.[11][12] He also had a half-brother, Cardinal Valery, who ventured into online video-creation following his death.[8]

Based in New York, Amofah resided in Brooklyn throughout his life.[13][14] In a 2018 livestream, Amofah stated that he attended the public school Shell Bank Junior High School for one year. He was pulled out of the school by his mother due to his repeated fighting with other students.[‡ 3] He also stated in a livestream that he attended Urban Assembly School for Law and Justice (SLJ), a small law-themed college preparatory public high school.[‡ 4] He graduated in 2008 and attended the SLJ reunion 10 years after graduation.[‡ 5]

Prior to his career as a gaming YouTuber, Amofah was active in modeling and rapping, having uploaded rap videos from 2007 to 2009 under the name "Iceman".[11][15] During that time, he released an independently-produced mixtape titled Written in Ice in 2007.[9] Amofah started modeling in his early twenties and continued until 2015, stating that he stopped because he became less passionate about the occupation. He owned an account on the modeling and social media website Model Mayhem, where he stated he was "quite tall" and that his last measurement of height was "six feet, six inches".[‡ 6][16][17]

Amofah stated in a tweet that the pseudonym "Etika" came from the 2003 video game Sonic Battle. In the game, players could input a cheat code titled "EkiTa", and he decided to switch the T and the K to create his username as he "liked that result better".[‡ 7][4][18] He was inspired to grow a hi-top fade from Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, which featured the hairstyle in the game.[‡ 8]

YouTube career

Origins and popularity (2012–2018)

Having previously used the YouTube account "TR1Iceman", Amofah created a new YouTube account under the username "EWNetwork" (Etika World Network) in 2012 to broadcast his gaming and reaction streams.[18][19] Prior to the termination of the channel in 2018, he amassed more than 800,000 subscribers, reaching 100,000 subscribers in 2015.[11][20] Within months of creating a replacement YouTube channel, "EtikaFRFX", he had gained 300,000 subscribers,[11] and reached over 130,000 subscribers on his "TR1Iceman" channel.[21] In total, Amofah accumulated over 1 million subscribers across his multiple YouTube channels.[9]

Amofah's content was mainly Nintendo-focused.[22] Initially centered around gaming news, his video output evolved over time to a focus on Let's Play videos of Nintendo games alongside reaction videos of gaming announcements, such as Nintendo Direct presentations.[11] Amofah's reaction videos were noted for their characteristic exaggerated and energetic style; they typically featured elements such as him falling out of his chair in elated shock and tossing objects around his room.[3][4] Amofah's channel garnered popularity in 2014, due to his reaction videos covering new information about the then-unreleased fighting game Super Smash Bros. 4.[11] One of Amofah's most notable reactions of the game was his reaction to the Pokémon character Mewtwo being revealed as a DLC fighter; during the reaction, Amofah excitedly screams "Mewtwo!" with several profanities, in particular "Holy shit" and "My dick!"[11][23] The video became Amofah's most viewed video on EWNetwork, with it being retweeted by the creator of the game, Masahiro Sakurai.[11][23] A similar video where Amofah reacted to the announcement of Super Smash Bros. Ultimate also went viral in 2018.[24] Amofah's channel continued to grow in popularity as he made more videos centered around his reactions to gaming news and YouTube drama; according to him, he was earning over $300,000 a year through stream donations.[4] Despite his earnings, Amofah revealed in a June 2017 video that he had dealt with multiple "chargebacks", or "fake donations" of large amounts of money sent to his PayPal account, which resulted in Amofah being charged with hundreds of dollars in processing fees.[25]

Amofah dubbed his fans the "JOYCONBOYZ", after the Nintendo Switch controllers known as the Joy-Con.[20] The origin of the name came from a viral livestream in November 2016 where Amofah purported to have a Nintendo Switch console before its 2017 release.[4][11] After the stream came under scrutiny by Nintendo fans, it was later revealed that the model Amofah displayed was 3D-printed by fellow YouTuber "Sandqvist" at his request, following a pre-recorded video Amofah uploaded titled "Life With Nintendo Switch" featuring the fake console.[22][26] Amofah would frequently end his videos with his signature catchphrase "Take care of yourselves, and of course, as usual, please have yourself a damn good one".[27] In Japan, Amofah was commonly referred to as "Guile-kun" in reference to his hairstyle, which resembled the character Guile from the fighting game Street Fighter.[23][28] Though he primarily focused on Nintendo-related content, Amofah uploaded playthroughs of video games from multiple publishers, such as Call of Duty,[11] Overwatch,[29] and Doki Doki Literature Club!,[30] and was also a fan of games such as Final Fantasy VII and Minecraft.[31] Amofah enjoyed anime and Japanese culture, frequently streaming himself watching series such as Attack on Titan while providing commentary.[4][18][23]

Channel terminations and erratic behavior (2018–2019)

"Let my story be one that advises caution on too much of the social media shit, man. It can fuck you up. It can give you an image of what you want your life to be, and it can get blown completely out of proportion, dawg. Unfortunately, it consumed me. It made me forget about consequences to my actions. It made me forget that we have to pay for the things that we say. It made me forget that there are – there is weight behind words. I was so consumed with this great image that I had that I thought I was invulnerable to everything. I thought, 'oh, I'm destined for this, nothing can stop me'".

– Amofah in his final video.[‡ 9][19][32]

During the last months of his life, Amofah publicly demonstrated erratic behavior and signs of mental distress, which drew media attention while concerning both his fans and the YouTube community.[4][33] On October 23, 2018, Amofah was temporarily suspended from Twitter for using the word nigga in a tweet. He responded to the suspension by uploading a video of himself frequently saying the word and defending himself for using it. Amofah stated that the word had been adopted by black people "from a tool of hatred into a form of love" and should no longer be treated as a racial slur. During the video, Amofah name-checked rappers Travis Scott and Drake, who use the word in their songs.[4][16] Two days later, Amofah uploaded pornography to EWNetwork, which violated YouTube's policies and consequently led to the channel's termination.[34][35] He was also banned from Twitch that year for using the word faggot during a stream.[36] Following the termination of the channel, Amofah posted cryptic messages to social media, including the statement "it's my turn to die", coupled with a screenshot of his terminated account.[34] Several of his followers felt that the messages and posts were suicidal in nature, which quickly generated panic amongst his fanbase.[15][33] Inactive for three days after the incident,[18] Amofah checked into a mental hospital where he claimed he was examined by doctors and given anxiety medication.[37][38] He later apologized on his subreddit r/EtikaRedditNetwork.[34] Amofah also cited issues with YouTube's rules as one of the main factors for shutting down his channel, claiming on Twitter that he purposefully deleted the account "as a form of protesting against edgy content demonetization and PC policy".[38][39]

After the termination of his first YouTube account, Amofah subsequently created a new channel in October 2018 called "EtikaFRFX", which he explained would comprise more sincere content where "he would be more himself".[11] Although Amofah's new channel initially grew in popularity, the channel was terminated in April 2019 after Amofah posted pornographic material once again.[11] Following said termination, Amofah posted several tweets related to suicide, the first one stating "Savonarola! I'm going to kill myself! You lot certainly have already. Shame on you all, silly humans".[‡ 10][40] He then tweeted he would kill himself by shooting himself in the head.[40][41] This tweet subsequently led to his detainment and hospitalization.[40] Christine "Alice Pika" Cardona, who had dated Amofah from 2011 to 2017,[42] confirmed that she was with him when he was taken to the hospital.[18][40] Days later, Amofah posted a photoshopped picture of himself holding a gun, which Cardona later confirmed was fake.[5][34]

Amofah on June 4, 2019, 15 days before his disappearance

Amofah continued to display erratic behavior throughout the rest of April. On April 29, after tweeting a vast quantity of cryptic messages, including homophobic and ethnic slurs which he later deleted,[36] he blocked close friends of his and other YouTubers.[34][43] Later that day, he livestreamed himself being detained by police from his apartment to over 19,000 viewers on Instagram Live, after a concerned fan notified police about his tweets.[34][44] Before his detainment, Amofah alternated between recording his reaction to the officers and the street outside which was surrounded by police vehicles, while refusing to allow officers to enter his apartment. Throughout the stream, he expressed his fear over the situation.[34][38][45] Amofah also shouted phrases and quotes from his apartment window, including "The revolution will not be televised", which he also posted to Twitter repeatedly.[‡ 11][18][41] Lasting for 45 minutes and resulting in Amofah trending on Twitter, the stream culminated in the police escorting Amofah out of his apartment, after which he was taken to a Brooklyn hospital in an ambulance.[34][41]

After being released, Amofah was interviewed one day after the stream by the host of the Internet news show DramaAlert, Daniel "Keemstar" Keem.[45][46] In the interview, Amofah made various statements primarily referencing death and his views on the world, at one point mentioning that he was the "antichrist" and that he wanted to "purge all life".[45][46] Keem questioned whether Amofah's actions leading up to the interview were publicity stunts, and if Amofah had a genuine mental breakdown.[46] Denying that his actions were a publicity stunt, Amofah later claimed that life was a "video game" and that "death means nothing";[46] Keem then asked Amofah that if life were a simulation, "then why live?... Just jump off a cliff? If it's just a simulation, who cares?"[41][45] The interview climaxed with Amofah and Keem arguing for several minutes before Amofah abruptly left; Keem stated that Amofah blocked him on Twitter shortly after their call.[46] Following the interview, Amofah was detained again for assaulting a police officer.[3][47] Recorded on video, the altercation showed Amofah approaching the officer and raising his middle fingers before pushing the officer, who retaliated by attempting to hit Amofah.[47] He was not arrested for the incident but instead taken to a hospital.[37][47] Amofah was released on May 14 and continued making reaction videos on his TR1Iceman channel, also claiming that he assaulted the police officer in self-defense.[11][37] His last videos included reactions to the Sonic the Hedgehog film and Black Mirror along with Nintendo Direct presentations.[14]

Amofah's erratic behavior around this time was perceived by a significant portion of the online world as humorous in nature, rather than indicative of genuine mental ailment.[3] The video where Amofah assaulted a police officer was posted online with the caption "LMFAOOOOOOOO", with the clip featuring witnesses to the event laughing.[3] On social media, many viewers mocked his behavior by spamming clown emojis.[3][48] Amongst his fanbase, rumors circulated that Amofah's various controversies formed part of an alternate reality game,[3][18] with such rumors emerging from a stream Amofah posted in September 2017 and becoming more prominent following his first channel termination.[4]

Disappearance and death

Amofah's last video, "I'm sorry", uploaded at midnight on June 20, 2019, EDT

At midnight on June 20, 2019, a pre-recorded video titled "I'm sorry" was uploaded to Amofah's TR1Iceman channel.[4][33] In the video, Amofah walks through the streets of New York City talking about his mental health and suicidal thoughts along with the negative aspects of social media.[4][49] He apologizes for pushing people away from him while also advising caution towards the overuse of social media.[19][49] The video's description also contained an apologetic note written by Amofah that expressed a similar tone.[50][51] YouTube soon removed the video for violating its Community Guidelines, although the video was soon reposted to other outlets.[32][33] After leaving some of his personal belongings on the pedestrian walkway, Amofah jumped from the Manhattan Bridge and drowned.[4]

Amofah was reported missing to the New York Police Department (NYPD) the day after the "I'm sorry" video was uploaded. Shortly after his disappearance, fellow Internet personalities and his fans tried to reach out to him to offer their help and show their appreciation for his work over the years.[33][35] Amofah's belongings were soon discovered on the pedestrian walkway of the Manhattan Bridge.[c] They included a backpack, wallet, laptop bag, cell phone, a change of clothes, and a Nintendo Switch.[2][54]

On the evening of June 24, a body was observed near Pier 16 at the South Street Seaport, approximately half a mile (0.8 km) down the East River from where Amofah's belongings were recovered, and reported to the NYPD.[1][51] By the morning of June 25, the NYPD and emergency medical services had recovered the body, confirmed it was Amofah, and stated that he was dead at the point of discovery.[49][55] The following day, the Office of Chief Medical Examiner confirmed the cause of death was suicide by drowning.[1][56] He was 29 years old.[49]

Reactions and analysis

Following the announcement of his death, Amofah became the top trending topic on Twitter worldwide as many of his fans posted tributes for him.[15][35] Several YouTubers also offered their condolences to Amofah on social media.[57] Felix Kjellberg, known as PewDiePie, was one of the first YouTubers to post a tribute to Amofah, stating in a tweet, "Hard to grasp that he's actually gone, left us way too soon. You will continue to live on in our hearts. Rest in peace Etika". Beauty YouTuber James Charles expressed on Twitter: "My heart is so so heavy hearing this news. I hope that the community FINALLY realizes that creators are human beings with real, valid feelings". The official "YouTube Creators" Twitter account posted a tribute to Amofah, writing: "We mourn the loss of Etika, a beloved member of our gaming creator community". Rapper Lil Nas X also shared his condolences, stating that he "didn't know Amofah very well" but did know that he "inspired many and made a lot of people very happy".[57]

The circumstances surrounding Amofah's death prompted discussions on social media about dealing with mental health as a content creator.[3][48] In an article from The Verge, internet personalities such as Asmongold and CoryxKenshin lamented how the negativity targeted towards content creators can be detrimental to their well-being, and that people who leave negative remarks on social media do so with the perception that online content creators are immune to such criticism, due to their ability to make money online.[48] Fiona Nova, content creator and friend of Amofah, also condemned his fans on Twitter for disregarding his mental health struggles as jokes, while Cardona stated that Amofah was attracted to the vitriol he received.[48] Amofah's death also highlighted social media platforms' handling of posts by users who appear at risk of mental illness or who are contemplating suicide. YouTube, in removing Amofah's final video, stated that removal of such videos is standard practice in order to "reduce the potential for copycat acts of self-harm, videos that express suicidal ideation", and that as part of this, it sends information to users relating to national suicide hotlines in order to provide help.[35] The website had also offered resources regarding mental health concerns amongst creators, such as courses and videos.[48] However, Amofah's situation was noted as emblematic of YouTube's passive approach to aiding creators in coping with the pressures of content creation.[3][41]

Journalists and mental health researchers found several videos Amofah had posted that showed evidence of his troubled state, but were construed as jokes by some of his viewers.[3][5][58] As a result, some perceived Amofah's final video as another joke and disregarded any concern over his well-being.[41] Keem initially thought Amofah's final video was a premeditated publicity stunt, stating after Amofah's death, "I was never fully convinced that he was mentally ill or in trouble because of our private convos".[3] Such researchers suggested that Amofah's situation reflected the need for more research on the effects of social media on content creators' mental health.[5] Researchers Kaylee Kruzan and Victor Schwartz acknowledged the discrepancies in the quantity of studies between social media's effects amongst adolescents and adults, and amongst content creators and influencers.[5] Analyzing his final video, Margi Murphy of The Daily Telegraph viewed Amofah's demeanor as an example of a claim from psychiatrist Richard Graham about the shifting perceptions between the real and online world due to the prevalence of livestreaming.[41] Writing about his struggles with mental health, Patricia Hernandez of Polygon reflected on how Amofah wasn't taken seriously enough both from his fans and from mental health facilities.[3] Hernandez opined on Amofah's situation that "it's the gnawing, uneasy realization that everything was unfolding in front of our eyes, clearly and openly, and it didn't make any difference. It's the sinking feeling that maybe, just maybe, we — viewers, social media, platforms like YouTube — let this happen".[3]

Keem briefly became a target of some of Amofah's fans, who blamed him for Amofah's suicide due to the DramaAlert interview and statements made in tweets before and following the interview.[59] Keem later posted screenshots of a series of texts allegedly sent to him by Amofah's mother Sabrina, which stated that "Etika loved Keemstar's show" and had only wanted to make a memorable appearance on it.[8][59] He also shared that Amofah's mother encouraged fans to donate to mental health organizations instead of the family for funeral costs.[60] Despite Sabrina's alleged defense of Keem, he was later accused of influencing Amofah's death in a May 2020 video by internet personality Ethan Klein.[61][62] Klein also referred to the allegation on the Frenemies podcast while discussing Amofah.[63] In response, Keem stated: "His mother came out with a statement saying that I am in no way responsible for the tragic loss of Etika, and he's still doing it. He just made this big rant and said stuff that I have never said".[63] Keem also claimed that Amofah's friends and family had told Klein to stop using Amofah's suicide to attack him.[63] Along with his other controversies, the video resulted in Keem ending his sponsorship with the energy drink company G Fuel.[61][62]

Legacy

Amofah's death led to numerous tributes across social media honoring his career.[35][64] In December 2019, The New York Times Magazine published an article acknowledging Amofah's impact as a YouTuber, with writer Jamie Lauren Keiles noting that his content's appeal "had always been figuring out which parts were real", and that he "was himself until the end".[4] The same month, Kotaku included Amofah in their list of the top gamers of the year, remarking that his death prompted many of his fans and other internet personalities to discuss the impact of social media on mental health.[64] BBC News listed the news of Amofah's death as one of the biggest technology stories of 2019, noting the various commemorations of him throughout the year; writer Leo Kelion stated that "Etika's claim in his final video that 'this world's gonna forget me' shows no sign of coming true any time soon".[65] In an article from NBC News, esports journalist Rod Breslau avowed that Amofah "will go down as one of greatest entertainers in video game history".[5]

In the aftermath of Amofah's suicide, both fans and YouTubers on social media asked for YouTube to re-upload Amofah's final video to help memorialize him.[66][67] A Change.org petition, which also asked for Amofah's original channel to be restored to preserve his legacy,[21][66] was started and garnered more than 380,000 signatures.[68] Another Change.org petition which reached over two million signatures called for Amofah to be buried at YouTube headquarters, which he stated was his wish during an earlier livestream.[69] YouTube also attracted criticism for not including a tribute to Amofah in the 2019 installment of YouTube Rewind.[65][70] Kjellberg later uploaded his own version of the video titled "YouTube Rewind 2019, but it's actually good", which featured a homage to Amofah among other deceased content creators in 2019.[71]

The Manhattan Bridge, where a memorial was erected by Amofah's fans following his suicide in June 2019

Several days after his death, fans erected a memorial on Amofah's behalf on the pedestrian walkway of the Manhattan Bridge, leaving letters, fan art, Twizzlers, Nintendo-related products, and other memorabilia.[72] In the Super Smash Bros. community, a tournament was held as a tribute to Amofah featuring the antagonist Ridley from the video game series Metroid, a character Amofah often played.[73] Posthumously, he was awarded the "Best Reaction" award at the 3rd Annual Smashies Awards which took place at Super Smash Con 2019.[74] Fans of Amofah later pointed out on social media that the second DLC Fighter Pass for Super Smash Bros. Ultimate contains several characters Amofah had expressed a strong liking towards – including Pyra and Mythra from Xenoblade Chronicles 2 and Min Min from Arms – following the February 2021 Nintendo Direct, leading Amofah to trend on Twitter.[31][75]

In addition to tributes, various fundraisers for mental health charities came into fruition following Amofah's death. YouTuber and web designer Abe Hunter, along with YouTuber Double A, converted Amofah's website into a fundraiser site where 100% of the profits were to be donated to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) in Amofah's name.[76] They raised $11,315.25 in total, which Hunter donated to the NAMI on July 15, 2019.[76][‡ 12] Several days later on July 21, 2019, Kjellberg along with American actor Jack Black started a fundraiser on the crowdfunding website GoFundMe for the NAMI.[65] Kjellberg and Black streamed themselves playing Minecraft together to raise money for their fundraiser, with the former donating $10,000 and the stream raising over $30,000 in total.[77]

After raising money for charity, Abe Hunter and Double A worked with mural artist BK Foxx and graffiti artists Kestaadm and JMZWalls to create a 40-feet-long mural completed by November 2019 dedicated to Amofah in Bushwick, Brooklyn.[76] The mural was created to celebrate Amofah's life and to help bring awareness to mental health issues.[27][76] Dutch YouTuber Reversal, who was friends with Amofah, organized a campaign with his 350,000 fans for the company Niantic to add the mural's location as a virtual "PokéStop" in the augmented reality game Pokémon Go in memory of Amofah. The mural was added to the game in February 2020.[78][79] Abe Hunter, Double A and BK Foxx would organize another mural in dedication of Amofah in 2022.[80]

In August 2019, an Indiegogo campaign was started on Amofah's behalf. The charity campaign was created to earn donations for The Jed Foundation. Contributors to the campaign received a custom-made pair of Etika-themed Joy-Con shells dubbed "Etikons". The campaign had raised over $10,000 by the end of 2019. Additional Etikons had been made and sold online after the campaign, but according to the individual selling the shells, Nintendo had sent them a cease and desist letter around September 2020 demanding they halt all further sales of the remaining stock due to the use of trademarked terms on the shells. Nintendo subsequently received criticism for this decision.[81][82]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Amofah passed 100,000 subscribers on three channels; EWNetwork in 2015, EtikaFRFX in 2018 and TR1Iceman in 2019.[‡ 1]
  2. ^ Amofah was officially reported missing by the New York Police Department on June 20, 2019, but his last known communication was around 8 p.m. EDT the day before.[1][2]
  3. ^ Sources differ on the date that Amofah's belongings were found; The Daily Dot claimed that the police found his belongings on the 19th,[52] while The Verge, Kotaku and Digital Trends claim his belongings were found on the 22nd.[33][53][51]

References

Secondary sources

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  2. ^ a b Romine, Taylor; Andone, Dakin (June 23, 2019). "Missing YouTuber Etika's belongings recovered on the Manhattan Bridge, police sources say". CNN. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hernandez, Patricia (July 2, 2019). "Too many people took Etika's mental health struggles as a joke". Polygon. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Keiles, Jamie Lauren (December 23, 2019). "Etika, a Charismatic YouTuber Who Struggled Through His Online Fame". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
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  6. ^ "Former Dept minister's son, Desmond Amofah, found dead in Manhattan". Graphic Online. June 26, 2019. Archived from the original on June 28, 2019.
  7. ^ "Former Deputy Minister's son found dead in Manhattan". GhanaWeb. June 26, 2019. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Asarch, Steven (January 21, 2021). "A debate is swirling around who gets to profit from late-streamer Etika's legacy after his half-brother's resurgence on social media". Insider. Archived from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
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Primary sources

In the text, these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):

  1. ^ a b c See:
  2. ^ ETIKA TALKS ABOUT HIS DAD. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  3. ^ Etika talks about a fight he had during school. Archived from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  4. ^ Etika Tells a highschool story and talks about insults (Story time Etika). Event occurs at 2:40. Archived from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  5. ^ Etika @ 999 [@Etika] (June 23, 2018). "At my highschool reunion celebrating 10 years since graduation. A lot of good memories, a lot of bad. Thank god high school is finished 😂" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 25, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Etika Talks About His Past Modeling Job – Stream Recap, archived from the original on October 11, 2021, retrieved October 11, 2021
  7. ^ Amofah, Desmond [@Etika] (September 7, 2014). "Where did the name "Etika" come from? Does it have an... — Sonic is my favorite series. In a game called 'Sonic..." (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 16, 2019 – via Twitter.
  8. ^ Etika Memories [@EtikaMemories] (July 1, 2020). "Etika explains the main reason why he decided to grow a high top fade https://t.co/FZNOHxFSr8" (Tweet). Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.
  9. ^ TR1Iceman (June 19, 2019). I'm sorry. Event occurs at 5:44. Archived from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2024.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "Savonarola! I'm going to kill myself! You lot certainly have already. Shame on you all, silly humans". Twitter. Archived from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  11. ^ Etika @ 999 [@Etika] (April 29, 2019). "The revolution will NOT be televised" (Tweet). Retrieved January 10, 2022 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ NAMI [@NAMICommunicate] (July 15, 2019). "Thank you to the #JOYCONBOYZ for their donation of $11,315.25 in memory of Desmond Amofah aka "Etika" from Abe of Blockhead Entertainment LLC. We appreciate your support! https://t.co/kuTo2scmO9" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.

Further reading

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