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2024 Pacific typhoon season

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2024 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 22, 2024
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameEwiniar
 • Maximum winds130 km/h (80 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions2
Total storms2
Typhoons1
Super typhoons0 (unofficial)[nb 1]
Total fatalities6
Total damage$20.88 million (2024 USD)
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

The 2024 Pacific typhoon season is the fifth-latest starting Pacific typhoon season on record. It is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2024, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Ewiniar, developed on May 25, and eventually intensified into the first typhoon of the season.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 2] will name a tropical cyclone if it has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 3][nb 1] are given a number with a "W" suffix.

Seasonal forecasts

TSR forecasts
Date		 Tropical
storms		 Total
Typhoons		 Intense
TCs		 ACE Ref.
Average (1991–2020) 25.5 16.0 9.3 301 [3]
May 7, 2024 25 15 7 225 [3]
2024 season Forecast
Center		 Tropical
cyclones		 Tropical
storms		 Typhoons Ref.
Actual activity: JMA 2 2 1
Actual activity: JTWC 2 1 1
Actual activity: PAGASA 1 1 1

During the year, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA, Vietnam's National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau.

Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) released their first forecast on May 7, predicting below average activity with 25 named storms, 15 typhoons and 7 intense typhoons. This was primarily due to the dominant El Niño event at the time, which was expected to transition into a weak or moderate La Niña by mid-2024.[3]

Seasonal summary

Typhoon Ewiniar (2024)

The Pacific typhoon season began abnormally late, with no systems forming for five months until May 22, when a tropical storm named Ewiniar formed southeast of Palau, marking it as the fifth-latest start of a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began.[4] Ewiniar went straight to the Philippines to make nine landfalls in Homonhon Island; Giporlos, Eastern Samar; Basiao Island; Cagduyong Island; Batuan, Masbate; Masbate City; Torrijos, Marinduque; Lucena, Quezon and Patnanungan. It began to move over the warm tropical waters of Lamon Bay, where the JTWC and the JMA upgraded Ewiniar into a minimal typhoon.

Ewiniar began to deteriorate as it moved away from land due to its topographical effects from the island. On May 30, another tropical depression formed southeast of Haikou, China. The next day, at 03:00 UTC, JTWC designated the disturbance as Tropical Depression 02W. A few hours later, JMA assigned the name Maliksi as they upgraded 02W into a tropical storm. Shortly after being named, on May 31, Maliksi made landfall in Southern China. JMA and JTWC discontinued warnings as Maliksi moved inland and dissipated on June 2.

Systems

Typhoon Ewiniar (Aghon)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 22 – May 30
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Ewiniar (2024)

On May 21, an area of atmospheric convection 441 km (274 mi) southeast of Palau, noting that the system was moving northwestward towards an environment favorable for tropical cyclogenesis.[5] The JTWC subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the following day as the disturbance developed rainbands wrapping from the southwest.[6] At 18:00, the disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression.[7] The depression would later enter PAR, assigning the name Aghon, a replacement name for Ambo.[8] At 18:00 UTC, the JTWC designated the depression as 01W, based on surface observations from Guiuan.[9] Aghon made landfall over Homonhon Island and subsequently Giporlos, Eastern Samar in the early morning of May 25 (PHT).[10] It made five more landfalls over Basiao and Cagduyong Islands of Catbalogan; Batuan in Ticao Island; Masbate City; and Torrijos, Marinduque.[11] At 12:00 UTC, the JTWC reported that the tropical depression had intensified into a tropical storm while it was still in Tayabas Bay, with JMA naming the storm as Ewiniar.[12] In the morning of May 26 (PHT), the storm made its eighth landfall over Lucena, Quezon in Luzon island.[11] Ewiniar later intensified into a minimal-equivalent typhoon over Lamon Bay [13] The storm made its final landfall over Patnanungan in the Polillo Islands.[14] The typhoon left the PAR on May 29 and continued to deteriorate due to subsidence around the mid-latitude.[15][16] Shortly afterwards, it passed directly over the island of Minamidaitōjima.[17] The next day, Ewiniar transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south-southwest of Yokosuka, Japan.[18][19] At 18:00 UTC on May 31, the JTWC then ceased issuing advisories on the system as it entered the baroclinic zone and an area of high wind shear.[20]

Agricultural damage in the Philippines totalled ₱85.63 million (US$1.74 million).[21] Damage to infrastructure was valued a ₱942.55 million (US$19.14 million) for a total of ₱1.03 billion (US$20.88 million).[21] Intense winds occurred in Kitadaitō, Okinawa. A maximum wind gust of 89 km/h (55 mph) was recorded over Kantō.[22] Overall, Typhoon Ewiniar killed six people and left eight injured, and around 152,266 others were directly impacted by Ewiniar in the Philippines.[21]

Tropical Storm Maliksi

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 30 – June 2
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

On May 29, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection located 406 km (252 mi) southeast of Haikou, China. Being in an area of warm waters and low vertical shear and having southerly outflow, the system sustained a weak circulation, inhibited from development by another area of convection near Mainland China.[23] It was recognized as a low-pressure area by the JMA early the next day,[24] before the agency upgraded it to a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC.[25] Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the depression since it had rapidly developed.[26] At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression, designating it as 02W.[27] Later, the JMA upgraded it into a tropical storm, and it was given the name Maliksi.[28] However, the JTWC reported that it did not intensify into a tropical storm as it was disorganized, with the circulation elongating.[29][30] At 21:00 UTC on May 31, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system as it made landfall in Southern China.[31] Soon after, the JMA downgraded Maliksi into a depression before being further downgraded by the agency as a low-pressure area as it tracked inland on June 2.[32][33]

On May 30, the Hong Kong Observatory issued a No. 1 standby signal as the depression neared Hong Kong.[34] The next day, it upgraded the warnings into a No. 3 Strong Wind signal.[35] Although it was likely to not directly affect Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration noted that Maliksi's remnants were likely to merge with a frontal system and bring heavy rains to Taiwan over the weekend.[36] In Macau, the storm caused unstable weather, with the Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau issuing Typhoon Signal No. 3[37][38] In China, torrential rainfall occurred, peaking at 272.3 mm (10.72 in) somewhere in the Leizhou Peninsula. Additionally, heavy rain was recorded in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.[39]

Storm names

See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

Within the basin, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[40] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee when they have 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[41]

PAGASA names tropical cyclones which are active in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has already been named.[40] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[41] If the list of names for the Philippine region are exhausted, then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray. The names of significant tropical cyclones will be retired by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee in the spring of 2025.[41]

International names

Main article: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

A tropical cyclone is named when it has 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[42] The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee.[43] Retired names, if any, will be announced by the WMO in 2025, though replacement names will be announced in 2026. The next 28 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used.

  • Ewiniar (2401)
  • Maliksi (2402)
  • Gaemi (unused)
  • Prapiroon (unused)
  • Maria (unused)
  • Son-Tinh (unused)
  • Ampil (unused)
  • Wukong (unused)
  • Jongdari (unused)
  • Shanshan (unused)
  • Yagi (unused)
  • Leepi (unused)
  • Bebinca (unused)
  • Pulasan (unused)
  • Soulik (unused)
  • Cimaron (unused)
  • Jebi (unused)
  • Krathon (unused)
  • Barijat (unused)
  • Trami (unused)
  • Kong-rey (unused)
  • Yinxing (unused)
  • Toraji (unused)
  • Man-yi (unused)
  • Usagi (unused)
  • Pabuk (unused)
  • Wutip (unused)
  • Sepat (unused)

Philippines

Main article: List of retired Philippine typhoon names

This season, PAGASA will use its own naming scheme for storms that are active in their self-defined area of responsibility.[44] During this season, PAGASA is using the following list of names that was last used during 2020 and will be used again in 2028, updated with replacements of retired names, if any.[44] All of the names are the same as in 2020 except Aghon, Querubin, Romina and Upang, which replaced the names Ambo, Quinta, Rolly and Ulysses after they were retired.[44] The name Aghon was used for the first time this year.

  • Aghon (2401)
  • Butchoy (unused)
  • Carina (unused)
  • Dindo (unused)
  • Enteng (unused)
  • Ferdie (unused)
  • Gener (unused)
  • Helen (unused)
  • Igme (unused)
  • Julian (unused)
  • Kristine (unused)
  • Leon (unused)
  • Marce (unused)
  • Nika (unused)
  • Ofel (unused)
  • Pepito (unused)
  • Querubin (unused)
  • Romina (unused)
  • Siony (unused)
  • Tonyo (unused)
  • Upang (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Warren (unused)
  • Yoyong (unused)
  • Zosimo (unused)
Auxiliary list
  • Alakdan (unused)
  • Baldo (unused)
  • Clara (unused)
  • Dencio (unused)
  • Estong (unused)
  • Felipe (unused)
  • Gomer (unused)
  • Heling (unused)
  • Ismael (unused)
  • Julio (unused)

Season effects

This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 2024. The tables also provide an overview of a system's intensity, duration, land areas affected, and any deaths or damages associated with the system.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Ewiniar (Aghon) May 22 – 30 Typhoon 130 km/h (80 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Philippines, Japan, Alaska $20.88 million 6 [21]
Maliksi May 30 – June 2 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) South China, Taiwan None None [45]
Season aggregates
2 systems May 22 – Season ongoing 130 km/h (80 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) $20.88 million 6

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) for a typhoon with winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).[2]
  2. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]

References

  1. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
  2. ^ Frequently Asked Questions (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 13, 2012. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  3. ^ a b c Lea, Adam; Wood, Nick (May 7, 2023). Extended Range Forecast for Northwest Pacific Typhoon Activity in 2024 (PDF) (Report). Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  4. ^ Wulfeck, Andrew (May 25, 2024). "Tracking the tropics: Northern Hemisphere finally sees its first tropical depression". FOX Weather. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
  5. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 06Z 21 May 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 21, 2024. Archived from the original on May 21, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  6. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 93W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 22, 2024. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  7. ^ Warning and Summary 221800 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. May 22, 2024. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  8. ^ "LPA develops into Tropical Depression east of Surigao del Sur". GMA Network. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 01W (One) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 24, 2024. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  10. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #7 for Tropical Depression 'Aghon'" (PDF). PAGASA. May 24, 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024. Alt URL
  11. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #14 for Tropical Depression 'Aghon'" (PDF). PAGASA. May 26, 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2024. Retrieved May 26, 2024. Alt URL
  12. ^ Tropical Depression 01W (One) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 25, 2024. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 01W (Ewiniar) Warning No. 7 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 26, 2024. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  14. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #21 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Aghon' (Aghon)" (PDF). PAGASA. May 26, 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 26, 2024. Alt URL
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 01W (Ewiniar) Warning No. 16 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 28, 2024. Archived from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  16. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #35F for Typhoon 'Aghon' (Ewiniar)" (PDF). PAGASA. May 29, 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2024. Retrieved May 29, 2024. Alt URL
  17. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #35F for Typhoon 'Aghon' (Ewiniar)" (PDF). PAGASA. May 29, 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2024. Retrieved May 29, 2024. Alt URL
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 01W (Ewiniar) Warning No. 25 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024. Alt URL
  19. ^ "WTPQ50 RJTD 301800". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  20. ^ Tropical Storm 01W (Ewiniar) Warning No. 26 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  21. ^ a b c d Situational Report No. 12 for TC AGHON (2024) (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. June 6, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  22. ^ "Kanto region faces heavy rain as Typhoon No. 1 approaches". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  23. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 0230Z 30 May 2024 Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 30, 2024. Archived from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  24. ^ Warning and Summary 300000 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. May 30, 2024. Archived from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  25. ^ Warning and Summary 300600 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. May 30, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  26. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 30, 2024. Archived from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  27. ^ Tropical Depression 02W (Two) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  28. ^ TS 2402 Maliksi (2402) Upgraded from TD (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory). Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  29. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 02W (Two) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  30. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 02W (Maliksi) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  31. ^ Tropical Depression 02W (Maliksi) Warning No. 4 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2024. Archived from the original on June 1, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  32. ^ Warning and Summary 010600 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on June 1, 2024. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  33. ^ Warning and Summary 020000 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on June 2, 2024. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  34. ^ "Hong Kong No 1 typhoon signal to remain in force until at least Friday morning". South China Morning Post. May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  35. ^ "Hong Kong Observatory says T3 signal to stay in force until early Saturday morning". South China Morning Post. May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  36. ^ "Tropical storm Maliksi forms, expected to bring rain to Taiwan". Focus Taiwan. May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  37. ^ "MGTO calls for visitors' attention to typhoon updates and activity arrangements". Macao SAR Government Portal. May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  38. ^ "Typhoon Maliksi: Low possibility of No.8 alert". Macau Business. May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  39. ^ "Update: Typhoon Maliksi wanes upon landing in south China province". Xinhua. June 1, 2024. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  40. ^ a b Padgett, Gary. "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary December 1999". Australian Severe Weather. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  41. ^ a b c The Typhoon Committee (February 21, 2013). "Typhoon Committee Operational Manual 2013" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 37–38. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  42. ^ "Review of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season" (PDF). www.typhooncommittee.org. January 25, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  43. ^ Zhou, Xiao; Lei, Xiaotu (2012). "Summary of retired typhoons within the Western North Pacific Ocean". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 1 (1). The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific/World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee: 23–32. doi:10.6057/2012TCRR01.03. ISSN 2589-3025. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  44. ^ a b c "Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  45. ^ "Typhoon Maliksi wanes upon landing in Guangdong". ChinaDaily. June 1, 2024. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
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