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Naqshbandi

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Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. Formed in 1380, the order is considered by some to be a "sober" order known for its silent dhikr (remembrance of God) rather than the vocalized forms of dhikr common in other orders.

The Naqshbandi order is also notable as it is the only Sufi order to trace its spiritual lineage (silsilah) to Muhammad through Abu Bakr, the first caliph. In contrast, most other turuq trace their lineage Ali ibn Abu Talib, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law and fourth caliph.

The word Naqshbandi نقشبندی is Persian, taken from the name of the founder of the order, Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari. Some have said that the translation means "related to the image-maker," some also consider it to mean "Pattern Maker" rather than "image maker," and interpret "Naqshbandi" to mean "Reformer of Patterns", and others consider it to mean "Way of the Chain" or "Golden Chain."

Common Naqshbandi chain of transmission

  1. Muhammad [Peace Be Upon Him]
  2. Abu Bakr Siddiq
  3. Salman the Persian
  4. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
  5. Ja'far al-Sadiq
  6. Bayazid Bastami
  7. Abul-Hassan Kharaqani
  8. Bu Ali al-Farmadi
  9. Yusuf Hamdani
  10. Abul Abbas al-Khadr
  11. Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani
  12. Arif al-Reogri
  13. Mahmood al-Injir al-Faghnawi
  14. Ali- Ar-Ramitani
  15. Muhammad Baba as-Samasi
  16. Sayyid Amir Kulal
  17. Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari - Namesake of Naqshbandi order

From here, the order branches into several sub-orders. One of the most important and widespread is the Naqshbandi-Mujaddadi branch founded by Ahmad Sirhindi. The chain between Bahauddin Naqshbandi and Ahmad Sirhindi continues below:

  1. Alauddin al-Bukhari al-Attar
  2. Yaqub al-Charkhi
  3. Ubaydullah al-Ahrar
  4. Muhammad Az-Zahid Wali
  5. Mohammad Darwish
  6. Khawaja al-Akmangi
  7. Muhammad al-Baqi Billah
  8. Ahmad Sirhindi Mujaddid Alf-thani

Sub-orders

There is no single authority for the Naqshbandi order today. Rather, there are numerous sub-orders which operate in autonomy. Among them are the Owaisiah, Haqqani, Hijazi, Mujarradiya and Tauheedia branches. Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah Rehamat Ullah Aley has stated in his book "Al Intibah Fi Salasil e Awliya Allah" that the most Effective of all is the Naqshbandia Owaisiah. There also exist a pseudo-Naqshbandi order which has no connections to regular Naqshbandi branches. It was founded by Abdullah al-Faiz ad-Dagestani and is leade today by the pseudo-Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi

Naqshbandia Owaisiah branch

Naqshbandi Order has another famous branch called Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. The method of spiritual instruction is quite close to Mujaddidya branch. However, there are two main differences. First Naqshbandia Owaisiah order uses the "Pas Infas" method of zikr. Secondly, the method of spiritual instruction is "Owaisee", which means that the Shaikh can impart spiritual instruction regardless of physical distance and even difference of time period. Seekers of Naqshbandia Owaisiah can obtain spiritual blessing from their Shaikh regardless of their location in the world. Owaisiah connection is also useful in obtaining spiritual blessings from Sufis of the Past. Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is based in Pakistan and its modern founder was Shaikh Allah Yar Khan (R.A). Current shaikh is Maulana Muhammad Akram Awan. Headquarters for this sect is Dar-ul-irfan, Minara,Chakwal, Pakistan.

So-called Naqshbandi Golden Chain

The so-called Golden Chain is a fake lineage of Khalidiyya-Naqshbandiyya. It followers claim that it passes from Iraq under Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi to Daghestan, where it remained through seven generations of Sufi masters, to finally return to the Middle East in Damascus with the emigration of Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani and his disciple Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, and then to Cyprus under Nazim al-Qubrusi, Leader of the New-Age-oriented pseudo-Naqshbandi Haqqanis Worldwide. Followers of authentic Khalidiyya-Naqshbandiyya have repeatedly declared that Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani was expelled from the Naqshbandi Order because of his heretic inclination. Consequently, when he met the charlatan Nazim al-Qubrusi, he had nothing to trasmit to him. In the West the pseudo-Naqshbandi group created by Nazim is active in spreading pseudo-Sufism among hippies, New Age-followers, syncretists and all those who are fascinated by a misrepresentation of Islam.

Tauheedia Naqshbandia branch

In 1955 Hazarat Kawajah Abdul Hakeem Ansari (rh) along with his only caliph Hazarat Abdul Sattar Khan (accompanied by Kawajah Sattar's wife and daughter) founded a new branch of the Naqshbandia Mujadidiah Order (chain mentioned below). He named it 'Tauheediah', with a focus on unity (Tauheed), truthfulness and love and making it more practical for modern Westernized society aiming towards unification of ummah... and development of humanity. It has a base in Lahore, and disciples throughout the world.

Further reading

Sufi Refutation of the Nazimist Pseudo-Sufi & Pseudo-Islamic Cult

Naqshbandia Siddiquia

Naqshbandia Owaisiah

Undefined

Mujaddidi/Khalidi

Saifi

Hijazi

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