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The Wall

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The Wall is a concept album/rock opera by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released in 1979. It was the group's ninth studio album and its only double LP studio release.

In 1999 the RIAA certified The Wall at 23x platinum for shipments of 11.5 million copies of the double album in the United States.[1] The album reached #1 on the Billboard album charts in the US where it stayed for 15 consecutive weeks in early 1980, and it remained on the US charts for two years. The album peaked at #3 in the band's native UK.

"Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)" was the band's only number one single, reaching #1 in both the UK and the US. Around the world, the album produced a number of hit singles for Pink Floyd, including "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)", "Young Lust", "Hey You", "Comfortably Numb" and "Run Like Hell".

The Wall was the last Pink Floyd album to feature Rick Wright until his return in 1987. During the recording, Roger Waters demanded a great deal of artistic control, which led to tensions.[citation needed]

The album is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die,[2] and in 2003, Rolling Stone placed it 87th on their 500 greatest albums of all time list.[3]

Recording history

In 1977, Pink Floyd were promoting Animals with their In The Flesh tour. The final night of the tour, in Montreal, Canada, Waters spat in the face of a fan who was trying to climb over the netting between the audience and the stage, and get up with the band. The incident later helped inspire Waters to develop the idea of The Wall.[4] Template:Sample box end The album was recorded at four studios over eight months, due to English tax laws and to benefit from the cheaper recording costs in the South of France. During the recording, Waters fired Richard Wright after The Wall was finished, arguing that Wright was not contributing much,[5] in part due to a cocaine addiction.[6] Waters claimed that David Gilmour and Nick Mason supported Waters' decision to fire Wright, but in 2000, Gilmour stated that he and Mason were against Wright's dismissal.[7] Author Nick Mason claims that Wright was fired because Columbia Records had offered Waters a substantial bonus to finish the album in time for a 1979 release. Since Wright refused to return early from his summer holiday, Waters wanted to dismiss Wright.[8] Wright was fired from the band but stayed on to finish the album and perform the live concerts as a paid musician.

For "Another Brick in the Wall" (Part II), Pink Floyd needed to record a school choir, so they approached music teacher Alun Renshaw of Islington Green School, around the corner from their Britannia Row Studios. The choir were not allowed to hear the rest of the song after singing the chorus. The chorus was overdubbed twelve times to give the impression that the choir was larger. Though the school received a lump sum payment of £1000, there was no contractual arrangement for royalties. Under 1996 UK copyright law, they became eligible, and after choir members were tracked down by royalties agent Peter Rowan of RBL Music, through the website Friends Reunited, they sued. Music industry professionals estimated that each student would be owed around £500.

Originally released on Columbia Records in the U.S. and Harvest Records in the UK, The Wall was then re-released as a digitally remastered CD in 1994 in the UK on EMI. In 1997, Columbia Records issued an updated remaster (which sounded superior to the EMI remasters from 1994) in the United States, Canada, Australia, South America and Japan. For The Wall's 20th Anniversary in April 2000, Capitol Records in the U.S. and EMI in Canada, Australia, South America and Japan re-released the 1997 remaster with the artwork from the EMI Europe remaster. The Wall was the first Pink Floyd album since 1967's The Piper at the Gates of Dawn whose cover was not done by Storm Thorgerson and Hipgnosis. Instead, Gerald Scarfe designed the cover and gatefold sleeve. David Gilmour recalls Storm Thorgerson falling out with Roger Waters over issues such as the credit for the Animals sleeve design.[9]

Concept and storyline

The storyline portrays the fictional life of an anti-hero named Pink, who is hammered and beaten down by society from the earliest days of his life: having lost his father (killed in Anzio during World War II, as was Roger Waters' own), smothered by his over-protective mother, oppressed at school by tyrannical, abusive teachers who tried to mould him and the other pupils into the "right" shape for society (hence the recurring image of the meat grinder) and a cheating wife, Pink withdraws into his own fantasy world, building an imaginary wall, an allegory for being emotionally distant, to protect himself from the rest of the world. Every bad experience in his life is "Another Brick in the Wall". After heavily contemplating how to fill in the last few empty spaces in the wall, Pink puts off its construction for a while. He becomes a rock star and gets married, only to be cheated on by his wife due to his distance and coldness, as well as the life as a rock star. After this, he resumes and eventually finishes building the wall.

Pink slowly goes insane behind his freshly completed wall. He is lost on the inside, but is forced to surface by his demanding lifestyle, and I.V. drug use distributed by his crew to "keep [him] going through the show". Hallucinating, Pink believes that he is a fascist dictator, and his concerts are like Neo-Nazi rallies where he sets his men on fans he considers unworthy, only to have his conscience rebel at this and put himself on trial, his inner judge ordering him to tear down his wall in order to open himself to the outside world. At this point the album's end runs into its beginning with the closing words "Isn't this where..."; the first song on the album, "In the Flesh?", begins with the words "...we came in?" – with a continuation of the melody of the last song, Outside the Wall – hinting at the cyclical nature of Waters' theme.

The LP's custom picture labels tied in with the album's concept. Side one had a quarter of the wall erected and a sketch of the teacher. Side two saw half of the wall erected and a sketch of the wife. Side three had three-quarters of the wall erected and a sketch of the character of Pink, while side four had the wall completely erected and a sketch of the prosecutor.

Bob Ezrin played a major part in taking Waters' demo material and clarifying the storyline by writing a script, which even called for additional songs to complete the plot.[9]

Template:Sound sample box align right Template:Sample box end

Concert and filmed versions

File:Pink Floyd The Wall Program.jpg
The official program from the show

Rehearsals for The Wall concerts began shortly after the album's release in December 1979 at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles and rehearsals would run until January 1980 when it moved to the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena for the first performance.

Pink Floyd performed the concert version of The Wall only in a handful of cities. This was due to the grandiosity of the performance, which involved constructing a giant wall across the stage between band and audience, not to mention staple Pink Floyd props such as giant screens, flying pigs and pyrotechnics. It was performed first in Los Angeles from February 7 to 13, 1980 at the Los Angeles Sports Arena, then in New York from February 24 to 28, 1980 at Nassau Coliseum. It was followed by performances at Earls Court in London from August 4 to 9, 1980, then again in Dortmund, Germany at Westfalenhalle from February 13 to 20, 1981. Finally, the band did one more week at Earls Court in London from June 13 to 17, 1981. Roger Waters would later perform it in 1990 at a concert in Berlin.

The performances began with a Master of Ceremonies, who rotated from show to show, reading a list of "do's" and "don'ts". A "surrogate band", which wore masks of their counterparts in Pink Floyd, would perform "In the Flesh?." The sound of a plane crash would be made, and the surrogate band would stop playing. The real Pink Floyd would come into full view, and a giant wall is constructed by roadies out of roughly 100 cardboard bricks throughout the first half of the performance augmented by appearances by an inflatable teacher, wife, and mother. In the second half, the band would still be playing but were completely obscured from view behind the wall. A few bricks revealed David Gilmour playing classical guitar on "Is There Anybody Out There?". Roger Waters sang from an open hotel room on "Nobody Home" and "Vera". During "Comfortably Numb", Roger Waters sang his parts dressed as the doctor wearing a white coat in front of the wall while guitarist David Gilmour was hoisted hydraulically on to the top of the wall singing his parts and playing his famous guitar solos in full view of the crowd. The surrogate band returned, wearing life masks of the four band members while the four Pink Floyd members all wore Hammer guard T-shirts, jeans and shoes/sneakers (Gilmour, Mason and Wright) except for Roger Waters who wore a long leather trench coat with hammer logos and storm-trooper boots. The wall was dramatically torn down during "The Trial", and Pink Floyd themselves joined the surrogate band in front of the wreckage of the wall to perform the finale, "Outside the Wall".

File:Teacher from the wall.jpg
The teacher puppet used in the concert

During the performance, giant puppets of the Teacher, Wife, and Mother, designed by Gerald Scarfe, were used, and animations by Scarfe were projected onto a circular area and onto the wall itself. Added to this, a hotel room (where much of the story is set) emerges from the wall midway through the second half for the song "Nobody Home".

File:Hammers wall live.jpg
Gerald Scarfe's images projected on the wall

The large stage shows required huge equipment (including full sized cranes), and cost an extraordinary amount of money to produce. As such, the band lost money from them, with the exception of Rick Wright, who was retained on a fixed salary for the concerts after being fired during the mixing sessions of the album in Los Angeles. The intent of the band for these concerts was to give the audience a truly theatrical experience instead of a typical rock concert where the band played the songs. As such, during many songs, Waters assumed the role of the anti-hero, Pink, singing and acting but not playing his bass.

The 1980 Earls Court live show was filmed but after Roger Waters left the band he refused to give out the footage, despite this the footage was leaked and a VHS of it did eventually appear. The video though was unprofessionally edited[citation needed] with very low sound and picture quality[citation needed].

Film version

Main article: Pink Floyd The Wall (film)

A film version of The Wall was released in 1982 entitled Pink Floyd The Wall, directed by Alan Parker and starring Bob Geldof. The screenplay was written by Roger Waters. The film features music from the original album, much of which was re-recorded by the band with additional orchestration, some with minor lyrical and musical changes.

File:Geldof wall.jpg
Pink (Bob Geldof) at a fascist rally during the In the Flesh sequence of Pink Floyd The Wall.

Originally the film was intended to be intercut with concert footage and a few of the live shows were actually filmed, but subsequently not used in the film at all. Footage from these concerts has appeared on different web-sites from time to time and on YouTube. However, an official release of this footage by Pink Floyd has not been authorized other than what was used in the documentary Behind the Wall.

Post-split

After Waters left Pink Floyd in 1985, a legal battle ensued over the rights to the name "Pink Floyd" and its material. In the end, Waters retained the right to use The Wall and its material, as his name has been most closely associated with the album. This meant the sole ownership of all The Wall tracks except for the three Gilmour co-wrote the music for ("Young Lust", "Comfortably Numb" and "Run Like Hell") and images relating to The Wall on the later 1987–1990 and 1994 tours by the three-man Pink Floyd required payments to Waters.

Waters staged a concert performance of The Wall at Potsdamer Platz in Berlin on July 21, 1990 both to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall and as a fundraising effort for the World War Memorial Fund for Disaster Relief. This performance featured featured guest artists including Bryan Adams, Cyndi Lauper and Van Morrison. This performance also differed from previous shows in that some songs from the original album and Pink Floyd concert version were omitted, others were featured in slightly modified versions, and one Waters solo song was added.

Track listing

All songs are by Roger Waters except as noted. All lead vocals performed by Roger Waters except as noted.

Disc 1 (on CD) (side one of the cassette)

Side 1 (first record)

  1. "In the Flesh?" – 3:19
  2. "The Thin Ice" – 2:27
  3. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 1)" – 3:21
  4. "The Happiest Days of Our Lives" – 1:46
  5. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)" – 4:00
  6. "Mother" – 5:36

Side 2 (first record)

  1. "Goodbye Blue Sky" – 2:45
  2. "Empty Spaces" – 2:10
  3. "Young Lust" (Roger Waters/David Gilmour) – 3:25
  4. "One of My Turns" – 3:35
  5. "Don't Leave Me Now" – 4:16
  6. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 3)" – 1:14
  7. "Goodbye Cruel World" – 1:13

Disc 2 (on CD) (Side two of the cassette)

Side 3 (second record)

  1. "Hey You" – 4:40
  2. "Is There Anybody Out There?" – 2:44
  3. "Nobody Home" – 3:26
  4. "Vera" – 1:35
  5. "Bring the Boys Back Home" – 1:21
  6. "Comfortably Numb" (David Gilmour/Roger Waters) – 6:24

Side 4 (second record)

  1. "The Show Must Go On" – 1:36
  2. "In the Flesh" – 4:13
  3. "Run Like Hell" (David Gilmour/Roger Waters) – 4:19
  4. "Waiting for the Worms" – 4:04
  5. "Stop" – 0:30
  6. "The Trial" (Roger Waters/Bob Ezrin) – 5:13
  7. "Outside the Wall" – 1:41

Total length of album: 1:21:27

8-Track cartridge track listing

Program 1

  1. "In the Flesh?"
  2. "The Thin Ice"
  3. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 1)"
  4. "The Happiest Days of Our Lives"
  5. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)" (shortened)
  6. "Mother"

Program 2

  1. "Goodbye Blue Sky"
  2. "Empty Spaces"
  3. "Young Lust"
  4. "One of My Turns"
  5. "Don't Leave Me Now"
  6. "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 3)" (shortened)
  7. "Goodbye Cruel World" (shortened)
  8. "Hey You" (part 1)

Program 3

  1. "Hey You" (conclusion)
  2. "Is There Anybody Out There?"
  3. "Nobody Home"
  4. "Vera"
  5. "Bring the Boys Back Home"
  6. "Comfortably Numb" (shortened)
  7. "The Show Must Go On"

Program 4

  1. "In the Flesh"
  2. "Run Like Hell"
  3. "Waiting for the Worms"
  4. "Stop"
  5. "The Trial"
  6. "Outside the Wall" (shortened)

Additional non-album tracks

  • "We'll Meet Again" - The original Vera Lynn song was the first track on Roger's home demo and the first production demo. As the track went on, it would gradually blend with guitar sounds, bombers, and a helicopter. This intro was later replaced by "In The Flesh?."
  • "When the Tigers Broke Free" (Used in the movie version of The Wall. Composed prior to the recording of the album, released on a vinyl single, Echoes (Disc 2, Track 05) and on the 2004 re-release of The Final Cut)
  • "What Shall We Do Now?" (Used in the movie version of The Wall. The song was left off the original album due to lack of space, the reprise "Empty Spaces" which was originally meant to go between "Don't Leave Me Now" and "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 3)" was moved from its original spot on the album and put in its place for the sake of space. It is used during the wall-building sequence during the live show). A majority of writers and aficionados of the album, film, and live show always seem to think that "Empty Spaces" is actually the introduction to "What Shall We Do Now?" and it is not. The Wall engineer James Guthrie has always stated that "Empty Spaces" is a reprise of "What Shall We Do Now?" and not the introduction. However, a rough cut of "Empty Spaces" is used as the introduction to a rough cut to "What Shall We Do Now?" on The Wall 1978 demo tape. See Brain Damage, the definitive Pink Floyd podcast, show #51 "The Wall - Demos".
  • "Sexual Revolution" - Originally on Roger's home demo for The Wall, but later reworked for his solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking.
  • "Death Disco" - On Roger's home demo, this song introduced the fascist ideas that were later used for "In The Flesh." The guitar riff from this song was also later developed into "Young Lust."
  • "Is There Anybody Out There (Part 2)" features previously unheard lyrics, part of which were later worked into "Hey You"
  • "Is There Anybody Out There (Part 3)" and "Empty Spaces (Part 2)" were cut for time.
  • "The Thin Ice (Part 2)" - On Roger's home demo and the first production demo, The Wall ended with a reprise of the instrumental section at the end of "The Thin Ice."

The live version of The Wall, Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live 1980-81, included the following tracks not on the original album:

The album was originally written to be a triple-LP album, although Waters cut it down and left material out for the band's next release, The Final Cut.

  • "Your Possible Pasts" later re-written for use on The Final Cut, however, the line "Do you remember me/How we used to be/Do you think/We should be/Closer?" was used in the film.
  • "One of the Few" - working title, "Teach" - was later re-written for use on The Final Cut
  • "The Hero's Return" - Originally called "Teacher, Teacher" on Roger's original home demo for The Wall. The lyrics were revised for its use on The Final Cut.
  • "The Final Cut" also re-written for use on The Final Cut. A line from this song goes: "Dial the combination/Open the priest-hole/And if I'm in, I'll tell you what's behind the wall". A gunshot is played over "behind the wall" in the final version of the song, to sever its connection to the album The Wall. The complete lyrics are still written in the inside sleeve of the album. These lyrics can be heard sung (minus the shotgun) on the bootleg CD with the demos of The Final Cut.

References

  • The original LP packaging just had a wall on it, unlike the CD release. - Although many editions came with a vinyl sticker displaying the band logo & album title. These stickers quickly lost their adhesive quality & fell off, leaving many second hand buyers unaware of the album packaging's default state.
  • "Empty Spaces" begins with a secret message recorded backwards:

Roger Waters: "Congratulations. You have just discovered the secret message. Please send your answers to 'Old Pink', Care of 'The Funny Farm', Chalfont..."
[interrupted by engineer James Guthrie who says] "Roger, Carolyn's on the phone..."

  • "Waiting for the Worms": Near the end of the track, Roger Waters (as Pink) barks out instructions and directions in street names (most of the words are inaudible):

You are ordered to proceed and go to convene outside Brixton Town Hall where we're going to be… WAITING…to cut out the deadwood. To clean up the city. To put on a black shirt. To weed out the weaklings. To smash in their windows and kick in their doors. For the final solution to strengthen the strain. To follow the worms. To turn on the showers and fire the ovens. Waiting for the queers and the coons and the reds and the Jews. The Worms will convene outside Brixton Bus Station. We'll be moving along at about 12 o'clock down Stockwell Road … twelve minutes to three we'll be moving along Lambeth Road towards Vauxhall Bridge. Now when we get to the other side of Vauxhall Bridge, we're in Westminster area. It's quite possible we may encounter some Jew boys… (continues incomprehensibly)

  • This segment contains multiple references to Nazi Germany and the Holocaust:
  • The black shirt refers to the uniform of the SS, whose political paramilitaries were known as the "Blackshirts".
  • The smashing of windows refers to Kristallnacht, the anti-Jewish pogrom of 9-10 November 1938 during which Jews were attacked and Jewish homes and businesses were destroyed, leaving streets full of broken glass.
  • The "final solution" refers to the Nazi plan to exterminate the European Jewish population -- the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question".
  • The "showers" and "ovens" refer to the gas chambers (disguised as disinfecting showers) and crematoria of Nazi extermination camps.
  • The "queens and the coons and the reds and the Jews" are some of the victims of the death camps: homosexuals, ethnic minorities (such as Roma), communists, and of course the Jews. "Coons" seems more directly aimed at blacks, given the context of Pink calling for a pogrom in Brixton and Stockwell Road.
  • Trudy Young provided the voice of the groupie for the infamous "oh my God, what a fabulous room" monologue in One of My Turns.
  • In The Trial, the line "...You should have talked to me more often than you did, but no, you had to go your own way..." possibly referring to a similar line "...And if I were a good man, I'd talk with you more often than I do..." from If on Atom Heart Mother
  • Despite being a double album/CD, the album was released on one extended length cassette (US, Canada, Japan, Australia, UK) and one 8-track cartridge. Whilst the full 81 plus minute album fit on one extended length cassette, the 8-track cartridge issues featured shortened versions of "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)", "Goodbye Cruel World", "Comfortably Numb" and "Outside the Wall". Also, the famous intro, "we came in", and outro, "Isn't this where", were removed for time constraints on the 8 track as well. Lastly, "Hey You" was split into two parts.
  • In the beginning of "Run Like Hell", the crowd can be heard cheering "Pink Floyd", whereas at the end of the song, the crowd cheers "Hammer."
  • The album was banned as "undesirable" and "offensive" in 1980 by the South African Publications Control Board.
  • The song "Hey You" was cut from the final version of the movie. The DVD of The Wall, however, contains a video of "Hey You."
  • In the early 1980s, a teacher in Kentucky was fired for showing the film to her high school class. Ultimately this firing was upheld by the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. link
  • Long time Los Angeles Lakers radio and television announcer, Chick Hearn can be heard at the 4:07 mark of Don't Leave Me Now as "Pink" flips through the channels just before destroying his television set leading into Another Brick in the Wall Pt. 3. This clip of Hearn appears to have been taken from an actual basketball game between the Lakers and the Chicago Bulls.
  • Parts of the set, including Bricks from the Wall and the giant Teacher puppet are on display in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.

Cover Versions

Quotes

Maybe the architectural training to look at things helped me to visualise my feelings of alienation from rock 'n' roll audiences. Which was the starting point for The Wall. The fact that it then embodied an autobiographical narrative was kind of secondary to the main thing which was a theatrical statement in which I was saying, 'Isn't this fucking awful? Here I am up onstage and there you all are down there and isn't it horrible! What the fuck are we all doing here?'

— Roger Waters, June 1987, to Chris Salewicz


I don't fully agree with the concept of The Wall. To me it's filled with a catalogue of complaints and I don't want to blame everything on everyone else in my life but myself...There's some wonderful stuff on the album. I think that's one of the wonderful things about music is that you can have a doom-laden lyric on top of an uplifting piece of music. It juxtaposes and gives you an uplifting feeling about it. I think the film got too black and bleak. Like I said, I don't fully concur with everything Roger says on it; I think some parts are very good and some parts are outright bleak to me.

— David Gilmour, May 1992, U.S. Radio interview


In the shadow of the wall, flowers turn into barbed wire; men turn into monsters.

— Gerald Scarfe, Commentary from The Wall

Singles

  • "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)"/"One of My Turns" - Harvest HAR 5194; released November 16 1979 (UK, U.S., France and Italy [with One of my Turns as a B-Side])
  • "Run Like Hell"/"Don't Leave Me Now" - Columbia 1-11265; released April, 1980 (Holland, Sweden and US)
  • "Comfortably Numb"/"Hey You" - Columbia 1-11311; released June, 1980 (US and Japan)

Charts

Album

Year Chart Position
1979 The Billboard 200 1
1979 UK album chart 3

Singles

Year Single Chart Position
1980 "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)" Pop Singles 1
1980 "Run Like Hell" Pop Singles 53

Awards

Grammy Awards

Year Winner Category
1980 The Wall Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical

Personnel

with

  • Lee Ritenour — Rhythm Guitar on "One of My Turns" and Acoustic Guitar on "Comfortably Numb"
  • Joe Porcaro — Marching Snare drum on "Bring the Boys Back Home"
  • Blue Ocean — Marching Snare drum on "Bring the Boys Back Home"
  • Freddie Mandell — Hammond Organ on "In The Flesh?" and "In the Flesh"
  • Bobbye Hall — Percussion
  • Ron di Blasi — Classical guitar on "Is There Anybody Out There?"
  • Larry Williams — Clarinet on "Outside the Wall"
  • Trevor Veitch — Mandolin
  • Frank Marrocco — Concertina
  • Bruce Johnston — Backing Vocals
  • Toni Tennille — Backing Vocals
  • Brian Wilson — Vocal Arrangements. [citation needed]
  • Joe Chemay — Backing Vocals
  • Jon Joyce — Backing Vocals
  • Stan Farber — Backing Vocals
  • Jim Haas — Backing Vocals
  • Fourth Form Music Class, Islington Green School, London — Backing Vocals
  • Bob Ezrin — co-producer; Orchestra Arrangement; Keyboards
  • Michael Kamen — Orchestra Arrangement
  • James Guthrie — Co-Producer; Engineer; Percussion; Synthesiser on "Empty Spaces" (in collaboration with David Gilmour), Sequencer; Drums on "The Happiest Days of Our Lives" (in collaboration with Nick Mason), remastering producer
  • Nick Griffiths — Engineer
  • Patrice Queff — Engineer
  • Brian Christian — Engineer
  • John McClure — Engineer
  • Rick Hart — Engineer
  • Robert Hrycyna — Engineer
  • Phil Taylor — Sound Equipment
  • Gerald Scarfe — Sleeve Design
  • Doug Sax — Mastering and Remastering

References

  1. ^ http://www.riaa.com
  2. ^ http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/steveparker/1001albums.htm
  3. ^ http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6598124/87_the_wall
  4. ^ Waters' spitting incident, from Angelfire.com [1]
  5. ^ Wright confirmed this on the US rock radio album premiere of Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live 1980-81 in 2000.
  6. ^ Publius FAQ [2]
  7. ^ Gilmour confirmed that he was against Wright's dismissal on the U.S. rock radio album premiere of Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live 1980-81 in 2000
  8. ^ Mason, Nick (2004). Inside Out : A Personal History of Pink Floyd. London: Orion Books. pp. p.245. ISBN 0753819066. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ a b Sylvie Simmons "Danger! Demolition In Progress" Mojo 73, December 1999. The feature includes interviews with all the band, plus Bob Ezrin, James Guthrie and Gerald Scarfe.
Preceded by Billboard 200 number-one album
January 19 1980 - May 3 1980 		Succeeded by
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