List of Nazi concentration camps
This article is a list of Nazi-German concentration camps.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/WW2-Holocaust-Europe-2007Borders.png/400px-WW2-Holocaust-Europe-2007Borders.png)
In the table below, extermination camps are marked with pink, while major concentration camps of other types are marked with blue. During World War II, extermination camps were built during a later phase of the program of annihilation. Victims' bodies were usually cremated or buried in mass graves.
It has been estimated that 15,000 camps were established in the German occupied countries, not including small camps created ad hoc for the local population. [1] Most of these camps were destroyed.
The term concentration camp was first used to describe camps operated by the United Kingdom in South Africa, but the term lost some of its original meaning after the Nazi concentration camps were discovered, and has ever since been understood to refer to a place of mistreatment, starvation, forced labour, and murder.
The data in this table is from Dawidowicz, Lucy S., The War Against the Jews, 1938-1945, New York:Bantam [1986] ISBN 0-5533-4302-5. For a discussion of how the number of victims is determined, see Holocaust victims and death toll.
Table of Nazi-German camps
Camp Name | Country (today) | Camp Type | Dates of use | Est. prisoners | Est. deaths | Sub-camps | Webpage | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amersfoort | Netherlands | Prison and transit camp | Aug 1941 - Apr 1945 | 35,000 | 1,000 | [1] | ||
Arbeitsdorf | Germany | Labour camp | 8 Apr 1942 – 11 Oct 1942 | min. 600 | none | |||
Auschwitz Birkenau | Poland | Extermination and labour camp | Apr 1940 – Jan 1945 | 400,000 | 1,100,000–1,500,000 | list | [2] | |
Banjica | Serbia | Concentration camp | Jun 1941 – Sep 1944 | min. 23,637 | ||||
Bardufoss | Norway | Concentration camp | Mar 1944 – ???? | 800 | 250 | [citation needed] | ||
Bełżec | Poland | Extermination camp | Mar 1942 – Jun 1943 | at least 434,508 | [3] | |||
Bergen-Belsen | Germany | Collection point | Apr 1943 – Apr 1945 | 70,000 | 2 | [4] | ||
Berlin-Marzahn | Germany | Early a "rest place" then labour camp for Roma | July 1936 - | none | http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005482 | |||
Bolzano | Italy | Transit | Jul 1944 – Apr 1945 | 11,116 | list | |||
Bredtvet | Norway | Concentration camp | Fall, 1941 - May, 1945 | 1,000 or more | ???? | none | ||
Breendonk | Belgium | Prison and labour camp | 20 Sep 1940 – Sep 1944 | min. 3532 | min. 391 | none | [5] | |
Breitenau | Germany | "Early wild camp", then labour camp | Jun 1933 – Mar 1934, 1940 – 1945 |
470 - 8500 | [6] | |||
Buchenwald | Germany | Labour camp | Jul 1937 – Apr 1945 | 250,000 | 56,000 | list | [7] | |
Chełmno (Kulmhof) |
Poland | Extermination camp | Dec 1941 – Apr 1943, Apr 1944 – Jan 1945 |
at least 153,000 | [8] | |||
Crveni krst | Serbia | Concentration camp | 1941 - 1945 | 30,000 | ||||
Dachau | Germany | Labour camp | Mar 1933 – Apr 1945 | 200,000 | 31,591 | list | [9] [10] | |
Falstad | Norway | Prison camp | Dec 1941 – May 1945 | min. 200 | none | [11] [12] | ||
Flossenbürg | Germany | Labour camp | May 1938 – Apr 1945 | min. 100,000 | 30,000 | list | [13] | |
Grini | Norway | Prison camp | 2 May 1941 – May 1945 | 19,788 | 8 | Fannrem Bardufoss Kvænangen |
||
Gross-Rosen | Poland | Labour camp; Nacht und Nebel camp | Aug 1940 – Feb 1945 | 125,000 | 40,000 | list | [14] | |
Herzogenbusch (Vught) |
Netherlands | Prison and transit camp | 1943 - Summer 1944 | 31,000 | 750 | list | [15] | |
Hinzert | Germany | Collective point and subcamp | Jul 1940 – Mar 1945 | 14,000 | min. 302 | [16] | ||
Janowska (Lwów) |
Ukraine | Ghetto; transit, labour, & extermination camp | Sep 1941 – Nov 1943 | min. 40,000 | none | [17] (Go to articles A-Z) | ||
Jasenovac | Croatia | Extermination camp | Aug 1941 – Apr 1945 | 56,000[2]-600,000 [3] | [18][19] | |||
Kaiserwald (Mežaparks) |
Latvia | Labour camp | 1942 – 6 Aug 1944 | 20,000? | 16, incl. Eleja-Meitenes |
[20] | ||
Kaufering/Landsberg | Germany | Labour camp | Jun 1943 – Apr 1945 | 30,000 | min.14,500 | [21] | ||
Kauen (Kaunas) |
Lithuania | Ghetto and internment camp | ???? | Prawienischken | [22] | |||
Klooga | Estonia | Labour camp | Summer 1943 – 28 Sep 1944 | 2,400 | ||||
Lager Sylt (Alderney) |
Channel Islands | Labour camp | Mar 1943 – Jun 1944 | 1,000? | 460 | none | [23] | |
Langenstein-Zwieberge | Germany | Buchenwald subcamp camp | Apr 1944 – Apr 1945 | 5,000 | 2,000 | |||
Le Vernet | France | Internment camp | 1939 – 1944 | |||||
Majdanek (KZ Lublin) |
Poland | Extermination camp | Jul 1941 – Jul 1944 | 78,000 | [24] | |||
Malchow | Germany | Labour and Transit camp | Winter 1943 – 8 May 1945 | 5,000 | ||||
Maly Trostenets | Belarus | Extermination camp | Jul 1941 – Jun 1944 | 65,000 | [25] | |||
Mauthausen-Gusen | Austria | Labour camp | Aug 1938 – May 1945 | 195,000 | min. 95,000 | list | [26] | |
Mittelbau-Dora | Germany | Labour camp | Sep 1943 – Apr 1945 | 60,000 | min. 20,000 | list | [27] | |
Natzweiler-Struthof | France | Labour camp; Nacht und Nebel camp | May 1941 – Sep 1944 | 40,000 | 25,000 | list | [28] | |
Neuengamme | Germany | Labour camp | 13 Dec 1938 – 4 May 1945 | 106,000 | 55,000 | list | [29] | |
Niederhagen | Germany | Prison and labour camp | Sep 1941 – early 1943 | 3,900 | 1,285 | none | [30] | |
Oranienburg | Germany | Collective point | Mar 1933 – Jul 1934 | 3,000 | min. 16 | [31] | ||
Osthofen | Germany | Collective point | Mar 1933 – Jul 1934 | |||||
Płaszów | Poland | Labour camp | Dec 1942 – Jan 1945 | min. 150,000 | min. 9,000 | list | [32] | |
Ravensbrück | Germany | Labour camp for women | May 1939 – Apr 1945 | 150,000 | (min. 90,000) | list | [33] | |
Risiera di San Sabba (Trieste) |
Italy | Police detainment camp | Sep 1943 – 29 Apr 1945 | 25,000 | 5,000 | [34] | ||
Sachsenhausen | Germany | Labour camp | Jul 1936 – Apr 1945 | min. 200,000 | (100,000) | list | [35] | |
Sajmiste | Serbia | Extermination camp | December 1941 – September 1944 | 100,000 | ||||
Salaspils | Latvia | Labour camp | Oct 1941 – Summer 1944 | 101,000 | ||||
Sobibór | Poland | Extermination camp | May 1942 - Oct 1943 | up to 200,000 | [36] | |||
Soldau | Poland | Labour; Transit camp | Winter 1939/40 – Jan 1945 | 30,000 | 13,000 | |||
Stutthof | Poland | Labour camp | Sep 1939 – May 1945 | 110,000 | 65,000 | list | [37] | |
Theresienstadt (Terezín) |
Czech Republic | Transit camp and Ghetto | Nov 1941 – May 1945 | 140,000 | 35,000 | [38] | ||
Treblinka | Poland | Extermination camp | Jul 1942 – Nov 1943 | 870,000 | [39] | |||
Vaivara | Estonia | Concentration and transit camp | 15 Sep 1943 – 29 Feb 1944 | 20,000 | 950 | 22 | [40] [41] | |
Warsaw | Poland | Labour and extermination camp | 1942 - 1944 | up to 40,000 | up to 200,000 | |||
Westerbork | Netherlands | Collective point | May 1940 – Apr 1945 | 102,000 | [42] |
References
- ^ Concentration Camp Listing Sourced from Van Eck, Ludo Le livre des Camps. Belgium:Editions Kritak; and Gilbert, Martin Atlas of the Holocaust. New York:William Morrow 1993 ISBN 0-6881-2364-3. In this on-line site are published the names of 149 camps and 814 subcamps, organized by country.
- ^ USHMM
- ^ http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/microsoft%20word%20-%206358.pdf