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Family of Barack Obama

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Pcap (talk | contribs) at 21:00, 1 November 2008 (→‎Zeituni Onyango: merging from Zeituni Onyango (talk page consensus)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Obama Family
Presidential nominee Barack Obama with wife Michelle and daughters, Malia Ann and Sasha
Current regionChicago, Illinois
Place of originUnited States
MembersBarack Obama, Michelle Obama, Ann Dunham, Barack Obama, Sr.
Connected familiesObama, Robinson, Dunham, and Soetoro Family

The Obama family is an extended family of Kenyan (Luo), African American, English, and Indonesian heritage known through the writings and career in politics of U.S. Senator and Democratic nominee for the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama.[2][3][4]

Immediate family

Barack Obama

Main article: Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama, Jr., born 1961-08-04 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Also used the name Barry Soetoro (after his stepfather) when he lived in Indonesia between 1967 and 1971.[5] U.S. Senator from Illinois (2005- ) and Democratic Party's candidate for the 2008 United States presidential election.

Michelle Obama

Main article: Michelle Obama

(Michelle LaVaughn Obama, née Robinson, born 1964.) University of Chicago Medical Center vice president.

Malia Ann and Sasha Obama

Should Barack Obama be elected president, Malia Ann and Natasha (also known as Sasha) Obama would be the youngest residents of the White House since Amy Carter in 1980. Malia Ann was born on July 4th, 1998 and Sasha was born on June 10th 2001. When the children visited the executive mansion in 2005 they "were bored until President Bush's dog Barney showed up and they romped with him on the South Lawn," according to The Associated Press. "While the candidate is on the road, the Obama girls keep a hectic schedule: soccer, dance and drama for Malia, gymnastics and tap for Sasha, piano and tennis for both."[6][7]

Maternal relations

Right-to-left: Barack Obama and Maya Soetoro with their mother Ann Dunham and grandfather Stanley Dunham in Hawaii (early 1970s)

According to Obama's Dreams from My Father, Obama's great-grandmother Leona McCurry was part Native American, which Obama believed Leona held as a "source of considerable shame" and "blanched whenever someone mentioned the subject and hoped to carry the secret to her grave"; whereas McCurry's daughter (Obama's maternal grandmother) "would turn her head in profile to show off her beaked nose, which along with a pair of jet-black eyes, was offered as proof of Cherokee blood."[8] To date, no concrete evidence has surfaced of Cherokee heritage. Obama's maternal heritage consists mostly of English ancestry.[2]

Ann Dunham

Main article: Ann Dunham

Stanley Ann Dunham Soetoro (1942–1995) was the mother of Barack Obama. She was an anthropologist in Hawaii and Indonesia.

Madelyn Dunham

Main article: Madelyn and Stanley Dunham

(Madelyn Lee Payne Dunham, née Payne, born 1922.) Bank vice president in Hawaii and grandmother of Barack Obama.

Stanley Dunham

Main article: Madelyn and Stanley Dunham

(Stanley Armour Dunham, 1918–1992) World War II U.S. Army sergeant, maternal grandfather of Obama. Furniture salesman in Hawaii.

Charles T. Payne

Charles (Charlie) T. Payne (born 1925) served during World War II in the U.S. Army 89th Infantry Division. Obama has often described his Great Uncle Charlie's role in liberating Buchenwald concentration camp. He was assistant director of the University of Chicago's Library.[9][10] There was a brief media controversy over an error made by Obama when he mistakenly said that his uncle had helped liberate Auschwitz concentration camp, when in fact he had helped liberate Buchenwald concentration camp.[11]

Maya Soetoro-Ng

Main article: Maya Soetoro-Ng

(Maya Soetoro-Ng, born Maya Kassandra Soetoro, August 15, 1970 in Jakarta, Indonesia) Barack Obama's half-sister.[12] Soetoro-Ng is a high-school teacher at La Pietra: Hawaii School for Girls in Honolulu, Hawaii, and teaches night classes at the University of Hawaii.[13] Soetoro has assisted Obama in his campaign for President.[14][15][16] Married to Konrad Ng,[17][18][19] with whom she has one daughter, Suhaila.[20]

Konrad Ng

(born c. 1974). Brother-in-law of Barack Obama. A Chinese Canadian, assistant professor at the University of Hawaii's Academy of Creative Media.[21] He was born and raised in Burlington, Ontario. Married Maya Soetoro-Ng at the end of 2003 in Hawaii.[19] His parents are from Kudat and Sandakan, two small towns in Sabah, Malaysia.[22]

Lolo Soetoro

Main article: Lolo Soetoro

Lolo Soetoro (c. 1936–1987) was the stepfather of Barack Obama.

Paternal relations

The Obamas are members of the Luo tribe. The Luo are Kenya's third-largest ethnic group and are largely concentrated in the western province of Nyanza. According to renowned Luo historian Bethwell Ogot, in his book "History of the Southern Luo: Volume 1 Migration and Settlement," the Luos probably originated in Southern Sudan.[23]

Besides United States Senator Barack Obama, Barack Obama Sr. fathered six other sons and a daughter. All but one live in Britain or the United States.[24]

His children with his first wife, Kezia, include their sons Roy (now known as Abong'o[25]), Bernard, and Abo, and daughter Auma who is a social worker running a children's trust in the United Kingdom.[26] Obama Sr. had two sons with Ruth Nidesand, named Mark and David. After their divorce, Ruth married a Tanzanian and her sons both used their stepfather's surname. Mark studied physics at Stanford University, and now lives in China and is married to a Chinese woman.[27] His eighth child, George Hussein Onyango Obama,[28] was with a woman in Kenya named Jael who now lives in Atlanta, Georgia.[29][30]

Barack Obama, Sr.

Main article: Barack Obama, Sr.

(Barack Hussein Obama, 1936–1982.) Barack Obama's father. Government economist in Kenya.

Hussein Onyango Obama

Hussein Onyango Obama (c. 1895–1979) is Barack Obama's paternal grandfather who worked as a mission cook. He joined the British Army during World War I. Originally a Roman Catholic, he took the name Hussein when he converted to Islam, a name that he passed on to his children.[31] Barack's middle name comes from his grandfather.

Habiba Akuma Obama

Barack Obama's paternal grandmother, and the second wife of Hussein Onyango Obama.

Sarah Obama

Sarah Ogwel (born 1922), is the paternal step-grandmother of Barack Obama.[32] Also known, through the addition of her late husband's name, as Sarah Onyango Obama,[33] and sometimes referred to as Sarah Hussein Obama or Sarah Anyango Obama,[34] she lives in Nyang’oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria.[35] Her small farmhouse has no running water.[36]

Sarah Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather, Hussein Onyango Obama (c. 1895-1979[32]). Although not a blood relation, Barack Obama nevertheless calls her "Granny Sarah".[34][37] She was just 16 when she married Obama's grandfather, an older man who was her father's friend.[36]

Despite living in a small rural village in Kenya, Sarah Obama is well aware of Senator Obama's fame in the United States, and has photographs of his successes on her walls.[38] She recently publicly complained about false reports about Senator Obama's religion. In March 2008, she stated in an interview with USA Today that he is a Christian, just as she is.[31] In a previous interview with the New York Times, however, she had professed to be "a strong believer of the Islamic faith."[39] Initially welcoming reporters, she now shuns media attention, wary that her words and actions could be misconstrued and used against her step grandson.[40]

On July 4, 2008 she attended the Independence Day celebrations in Nairobi, hosted by Michael Ranneberger, the US ambassador in Kenya.[41] Sarah, who speaks Luo and only a few words of English, communicates with Senator Obama through an interpreter.

Kezia Obama

Barack Obama's step-mother, Kezia Obama (born c. 1938) is Barack Obama Sr.'s first wife whom he married in Kenya before studying abroad in the United States. She currently lives in Bracknell, Berkshire, England.[42]

Malik Obama

Barack Obama's half-brother, also known as Abongo (Roy) Obama, born c. March, 1958,[43], son of Barack Obama, Sr. with his first wife, Kezia.[44] Malik Obama was born and raised in Nairobi, Kenya.[45] Abongo is his Luo tribal first name. He began to use this name prior to 1992.[46] He earned a degree in accounting from the University of Nairobi.[47] Along with his sister Auma, Abongo was born before Barack.[48] He met his half-brother for the first time in 1985[45] when Barack flew from Chicago to Washington, D.C. to visit him.[49] He is an accountant, and has lived in Washington DC, for 23 years.[50] Malik and his half-brother Barack were best men at each other's weddings.[45] Barack Obama brought his wife Michelle to Kenya three years later, and they met with Malik again while Barack was introducing Michelle to many other new relatives.[51]

Although much of the Obama family had dispersed throughout Kenya and overseas most, including Malik Obama, still considered their rural village on the shores of Lake Victoria to be their true home, and felt that those who left the village had become culturally "lost".[25] A frequent visitor to the United States,[51] and consultant in Washington, D.C. for several months per year,[45] he nevertheless settled in the Obamas' ancestral home, Nyang’oma Kogelo, a village of several hundred people that he preferred to the city for its slow pace.[45] He ran a small electronics shop a half hour drive outside of town.[45] All of his father's other surviving children were living in the United States or England.[45]

During his brother's Presidential campaign, Malik Obama was a spokesman for the extended Obama family in Kenya, dealing with safety and privacy concerns arising from increased attention from the press.[52]

Malik caused controversy in Israel when the Jerusalem Post reported on an interview with Israel Army Radio. In this interview, Malik Obama, reportedly said that if elected, Barack Obama "will be a good president for the Jewish people, despite his Muslim background".[53] This report was criticized by the media as misleading.[54]

Abo Obama

Barack Obama's half-brother (born 1968). International telephone store manager in Kenya.[citation needed]

Auma Obama

Barack Obama's half-sister (born c. 1960). As of July 2008, development worker in Kenya.[55] She studied German at the University of Heidelberg from 1981 to 1987, and graduated with a PhD based on a dissertation about the conception of labor in Germany and its literary reflections.[55] Auma Obama is resident in London, where she married in 1996 to Englishman Ian Manners and they have a daughter named Akinyi (b. 1997).[55][verification needed]

Bernard Obama

Barack Obama's half-brother (born 1970). An auto parts supplier in Nairobi, Kenya, he has one child. Bernard converted to Islam in later life and is quoted, "I’m a Muslim, I don’t deny it. My father was raised a Muslim. But it’s not an issue. I don’t know what all the hullabaloo is about."[56]

Ruth Ndesandjo

Ruth Ndesandjo (née Nidesand, born in U.S. c. 1940s) is Barack Obama Sr's third wife and a private kindergarten director in Kenya.[57] Ruth's two sons with Barack Obama, Sr., are Mark and David; her additional son named Joseph Ndesandjo (born c. 1980) from a subsequent marriage to a Tanzanian. David and Mark both went by Ndesandjo, their step-father's surname.[58][59]

Mark Ndesandjo

Barack Obama's half-brother. The only uncontested heir of Barack Obama, Sr.,[60] Mark has resided in Shenzhen, China since 2002. He runs an Internet company called WorldNexus that advises Chinese corporations how best to reach international customers.[61]

David Ndesandjo

Barack Obama's half-brother; he was killed in a motorcycle crash.

George Obama

George Hussein Onyango Obama (born c. 1982) is the youngest half-brother of Barack Obama. George was six months old when his father died in an automobile collision, after which George was raised in Nairobi by his mother, Jael, and a step-father, who is French. George lived in South Korea for two years while his mother resided there for business reasons.[30] Returning to Kenya, George Obama was homeless for several years ("slept rough")[30], then was given a home by his aunt in a six-by-eight foot corrugated metal shack in the Nairobi, Kenya slum of Huruma Flats.[30] George Obama is studying to become a mechanic. After the Italian language edition of Vanity Fair quoted George Obama as being "ashamed" of being related to Barack Obama, [citation needed] the British Daily Telegraph's contradicted this, with George Obama saying he was "furious at subsequent reports that he had been abandoned by the Obama family and that he was filled with shame about living in a slum".[29][62] In an interview with CNN, George Obama said that he will have none of the criticism against Barack Obama. He said that he drew inspiration from his famous half-brother and that he "knows that his half-brother will be the next president.... I was brought up well. I live well even now. The magazines, they have exaggerated everything... I think I kind of like it here. There are some challenges, but maybe it is just like where you come from, there are the same challenges."[63]

Zeituni Onyango

Zeituni Onyango (born 29 May 1952 in Kenya)[64] is is the half-sister of United States Senator Barack Obama's late father.[65] Onyango is referred to as "Aunti Zeituni" in Dreams from My Father, a memoir written by Barack Obama.[66] Barack Obama first met Onyango in 1988 in his first trip to Kenya.[64] Onyango worked as a computer programmer at Kenya Breweries in Nairobi during that period. Onyango claims to have visited the United States multiple times since 1975, and to have returned to Kenya each time. Onyango suffers from a physical disability and uses a walking stick.[64]

By 2008, nOyango had been living quietly in a South Boston public housing project, according to Boston Public Housing Authority officials.[67] William McGonigle, deputy director of the Authority, called Onyango a "delightful lady" and "a great resident" who did a "wonderful job" as a public health advocate. He commented that Oyango was "not looking for fame or notoriety, and we were as surprised as anyone to learn she was related to the Democratic nominee."[67]

Onyango worked as a volunteer computer systems co-ordinator for the Experience Corps, a program in which adults over 55 mentor children in their communities.[64]

Media coverage during the 2008 U.S. presidential election

Onyango became the subject of media attention in the final week of the 2008 U.S. presidential election in which Barack Obama was candidate. The impetus for the scrutiny was an article by the Associated Press which reported that Onyango was living in the United States without valid immigration status, after being asked to leave the country.[68] The Associated Press stated that this information was "disclosed and confirmed by two separate sources, one a federal law enforcement official".[69]

Obama's campaign confirmed that Zeituni Onyango was his aunt.[65] In response, Obama stated that he did not know that Onyango was living in the United States without valid immigration status and that he believes the appropriate laws should be followed.[70] Onyango's case resulted in an special nationwide directive within Immigrations and Customs Enforcement requiring any deportations to be approved at the level of ICE regional directors before the U.S presidential election.[68]

Onyango contributed money to the Obama campaign in small donations.[65] Federal Election Commission records show that she donated multiple times to her nephew's campaign, and records compiled by The Huffington Post show she gave a total of $260 to the campaign.[71] The Washington Post reported that Onyango had donated to the Obama campaign "at least five times" in July and September, "three times for $5 and twice for $25".[67] As only citizens of the United States and immigrants with green cards are allowed to make political contributions, the Obama campaign announced that they are refunding the money.[72]

Michelle Robinson's family tree

Michelle Robinson's family is of African American heritage, descendants of Africans of the American Colonial Era. Michelle Obama's family history traces back from slavery to Reconstruction to the Great Migration North. Some of Michelle's relatives still reside in South Carolina. Michelle's oldest known relative is Jim Robinson, an American slave who was born in the 1800s and lived at least until the American Civil War.[3] At least three of Michelle Obama's great-uncles served honorably in the military of the United States. One aunt moved to Princeton, New Jersey, where she worked as a maid, and cooked Southern-style meals for Michelle and her brother, Craig, when they were students at Princeton University. Barack Obama has called Michelle, "the most quintessentially American woman I know."[3]

Jim Robinson

Michelle's oldest known relative traced back to the 1800s in the United States. The family believes that he remained a Friendfield worker all his life and that he was buried at the place, in an unmarked grave.[3]

Gabriel Robinson

Jim Robinson's son

Carrie Nelson

Gabriel Robinson's daughter, now 80, is the oldest living Robinson and the keeper of family lore.[3]

Fraser Robinson

Michelle Obama's great-grandfather, was born in 1884.[3]

Fraser Robinson II

Michelle Obama's grandfather was born in 1912. He was a standout student and was known as an orator.[3]

Fraser Robinson III

(Died 1991)[citation needed] Michelle Obama's father. Pump worker at the City of Chicago water plant[3]

Marian Robinson

(née Shields, born July 1937)[citation needed] Michelle Obama's mother. Secretary at Spiegel catalog.

Craig Robinson

Main article: Craig Robinson (basketball coach)

(born 1962) Barack Obama, Jr.'s brother-in-law. Head coach of men's basketball at Oregon State University[73]

Capers C. Funnye Jr.

Main article: Capers C. Funnye Jr.

One of America's most prominent African American Jews. Michelle Obama and Rabbi Capers Funnye, spiritual leader of a mostly black synagogue on Chicago’s South Side, are first cousins once removed. Funnye’s mother, Verdelle Robinson Funnye (born Verdelle Robinson) and Michelle Obama’s paternal grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr., were siblings.[74] He is well-known in Jewish circles for acting as a bridge between mainstream Jewry and African Americans.[74]

Template:Family of Michelle Robinson

Family tree

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/06/04/obama.nominee/index.html
  2. ^ a b Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Barack Obama". Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Murray, Shailagh (October 2, 2008). "A Family Tree Rooted In American Soil: Michelle Obama Learns About Her Slave Ancestors, Herself and Her Country". The Washington Post. p. C01. Retrieved 2008-10-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=ae5895fc29971b172938790be94ab107
  5. ^ Chicago Tribune, 2007-03-25, "History of schooling distorted," accessed 2008-10-29.
  6. ^ http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20214569_1,00.html
  7. ^ Lester, Will (July 23, 2008). "Obama daughters keep hectic schedules of their own". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-08-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "'Toot': Obama grandmother a force that shaped him". via Associated Press. 2008-08-25. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  9. ^ http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/1069865,CST-NWS-uncle23.article (story no longer available online as of 2008-11-01)
  10. ^ http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/tag/Charles+Payne
  11. ^ "Obama Campaign Scrambles to Correct the Record on Uncle’s War Service".
  12. ^ Obama Family Tree dgmweb.net
  13. ^ "Barack Obama's Sister Debuts as Campaigner". cbs2Chicago. 2007-05-12.
  14. ^ Obama's Sister Debuts as Campaigner - washingtonpost.com
  15. ^ The Gaggle : Watch Out, Hillary! If You Think I'm All About the Politics of Hope, Wait 'Til You Meet My Half-Sister!
  16. ^ Solomon, Deborah (2008-01-20). "All in the Family". New York Times.
  17. ^ Nolan, Daniel (June 11, 2008). "Obama's Burlington connection". The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 2008-06-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Misner, Jason (2008-06-20). "Barack Obama was here". Burlington Post. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  19. ^ a b Nolan, Daniel (2008-06-11). "Relative: Obama's got 'a good handle on Canada'". The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  20. ^ Fornek, Scott (2007-09-09). "'He helped me find my voice'". Chicago Sun-Times.
  21. ^ Chicago Sun Times article with her picture
  22. ^ Obama has links to Malaysia
  23. ^ http://reddingnewsreview.com/newspages/2008newspages/nilotic_link_places_obama_08_091000196.htm
  24. ^ Ancestry of Barack Obama
  25. ^ a b Philip Ochieng (2004-11-01). "From Home Squared to the US Senate: How Barack Obama Was Lost and Found". The East African. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
  26. ^ Scott Fornek (2007-09-09). "AUMA OBAMA: 'Her restlessness, her independence'". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2008-03-23. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ Roger Cohen (2008-03-17). "Obama's Brother in China". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-23. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "HALF-BROTHER GEORGE: 'I would be there for him'". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-08-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ a b Crilly, Rob (August 22, 2008). "Life is good in my Nairobi slum, says Barack Obama's younger brother". The Times. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ a b c d Pflanz, Mike (August 21, 2008). "Barack Obama is my inspiration, says lost brother". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ a b "Obama's grandma slams 'untruths'". Associated Press. 2008-03-05.
  32. ^ a b allAfrica.com: Kenya: Special Report: Sleepy Little Village Where Obama Traces His Own Roots (Page 2 of 2)
  33. ^ In Kenya, Barack Obama’s family prays for end to conflict - Times Online
  34. ^ a b Crilly, Rob (February 27, 2008). "Dreams from Obama's Grandmother". Time Magazine, Inc. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  35. ^ Pflanz, Mike (2008-01-11). "Barack Obama's Kenyan relatives keep faith". The Daily Telegraph.
  36. ^ a b Fornek, Scott (2007-09-09). "Sarah Obama - 'Sparkling, laughing eyes'". Chicago Sun-Times.
  37. ^ "Barack Obama in Kenya". CNN.
  38. ^ Clayton, Jonathan (2008-01-07). "In Kenya, Barack Obama's family prays for end to conflict". The Times.
  39. ^ "A Candidate, His Minister and the Search for Faith". New York Times. 2007-04-30.
  40. ^ Wadhams, Nick (2008-10-26). "Obama's family in Kenya weary, wary of media". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-10-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  41. ^ Daily Nation, July 8, 2008: Obama granny's day out with envoys and top politicians
  42. ^ Sanderson, Elizabeth (2008-01-06). "Barack Obama's stepmother living in Bracknell reveals the close bond with him ... and his mother". Daily Mail.
  43. ^ Sanderson, Elizabeth (2008-01-06). "Barack Obama's stepmother living in Bracknell reveals the close bond with him ... and his mother". Daily Mail.
  44. ^ jpt (2008-06-18). "From the Fact Check Desk: What Did Obama's Half-Brother Say About Obama's Background". ABC News.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g Maliti, Tom (2004-10-26). "Obama's Brother Chooses Life in Slow Lane". The Associated Press.
  46. ^ [httphttp://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/familytree/545461,BSX-News-wotreex09.stng ""ABONGO (ROY) OBAMA""]. Chicago Sun Times. 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  47. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 265.
  48. ^ ""HALF SIBLINGS"". Chicago Sun Times. 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  49. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 262.
  50. ^ ""We're so scared of assassins, says Barack Obama's brother"". Evening Standard. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  51. ^ a b *Oywa, John (2004-08-15). "Sleepy Little Village Where Obama Traces His Own Roots". The Daily Nation.
  52. ^ Warah, Rasna (2008-06-09). "We cannot lay claims on Obama; he's not one of us - Obama in this world". Daily Nation. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  53. ^ ""Malik, Barack and the "Sh'ma""". Jerusalem Post. 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  54. ^ ""Malik Obama says Israel shouldn't worry about Barack's Muslim "connection""". Israel Insider. 2007-06-20. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  55. ^ a b c Gathmann, Florian (July 24, 2008). "Studentin in der Bundesrepublik: Wie Auma Obama mit Deutschland haderte" (in German). Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2008-07-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ Harvey, Oliver (07-26 2008). "Obama's brother is in Bracknell". The Sun. Retrieved 2008-10-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  57. ^ "Madari Kindergarten".
  58. ^ http://www.medweeksa.org/awardwinners/techfirm.htm
  59. ^ http://pideafrica.org/aboutus.htm
  60. ^ Barack Obama’s brother pushes Chinese imports on US - Times Online
  61. ^ Obama half-brother runs Internet company in China
  62. ^ Pisa, Nick (August 20, 2008). "Barack Obama's 'lost' brother found in Kenya". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-08-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  63. ^ McKenzie, David (2008-08-23). "Behind the Scenes: Meet George Obama". CNN. Retrieved 2008-10-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  64. ^ a b c d http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24578185-5017121,00.html
  65. ^ a b c First read, MSNBC
  66. ^ Boston Housing Authority ‘flabbergastered’ Barack Obama’s aunt living in Southie
  67. ^ a b c For Obama Aunt, a Quiet South Boston Life Cite error: The named reference "voices" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  68. ^ a b Associated Press AP: Obama aunt from Kenya living in US illegally
  69. ^ http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/O/OBAMA_AUNT?SITE=NYPLA&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
  70. ^ http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iVVj5SjAgqpjIbqdmcOB74FtqRIAD94674OG0
  71. ^ Aunt Zeituni in Hub, Obama campaign says
  72. ^ Gardiner Harris (2008-11-01). "Obama Unaware of Status of Aunt, Campaign Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-11-01. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  73. ^ "Oregon State University Beavers: Craig Robinson bio". Retrieved 2008-08-21.
  74. ^ a b Weiss, Anthony (September 2, 2008). "Michelle Obama Has a Rabbi in Her Family". The Forward. Retrieved 2008-10-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

References

External links

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