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UEFA coefficient

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See also: UEFA European Football Championship, UEFA Champions League, and UEFA Europa League

In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.

The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients:

National team coefficient

Up to Euro 2008

The national team coefficient is derived from the results of the national football team of a nation. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, it was calculated by dividing the number of points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of matches played in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Play-off match results are ignored. For some countries only one qualifying round will be taken into account, if they were hosts of one of the last two events.

This coefficient is used by UEFA to determine in which "pot" a national team will be for the qualification tournaments of the European Championship, and the final tournament of the European Championship. Its usage as seeding criteria for the World Cup preliminaries ended when the UEFA executive committee decided to follow FIFA directives and used the FIFA rankings instead for the 2010 World Cup qualifying round draw. Each team in a pot is drawn into a separate qualifying group, thus keeping the bigger teams apart until the later stages of the competition.

If two or more associations have the same coefficient, the following criteria will be applied:

  1. coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition,
  2. average goal difference,
  3. average number of goals scored,
  4. average number of away goals scored,
  5. drawing of lots.

After Euro 2008

On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced changes to the coefficient ranking system.[1][2] Under the new system, teams gain ranking points for each match played in the most recently completed five qualifying tournaments or finals of the World Cup or European Championships.

1) 10,000 points are awarded for each match played,
2) for an outcome of each match an additional 30,000 for winning, 20,000 for winning after a penalty shoot out, and 10,000 for a draw (including forcing, but failing to win, a penalty shoot-out),
3) the finals tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are granted extra points, ranging from 6,000 to 38,000,
4) 501 points are earned for a goal scored , and 500 lost for each goal conceded,
5) points are divided by the number of games played,
6) more recent tournaments have double the weighting of earlier tournaments,
7) special arrangements are in place for hosts of competitions, who have therefore not participated in the qualifying tournament.

At the end of 2009, the European rankings were as follows:[3]

League coefficient

Map of UEFA countries, teams from which have reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League
  UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage
  UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage
  Not a UEFA member

The league coefficient is used to rank the leagues of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from a league that will participate in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the 2010 ranking determines the proportion in 2011–12, not 2010–11.

This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the leagues in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League games over the past five seasons. The number of points awarded each season (two for each win by a club from that league, one for a draw) is divided by the number of teams that participated for that nation in that season. This number is then truncated after three decimal places (e.g. 2 2/3 will be truncated to 2.666).

For the league coefficient the season's league coefficients for the last five seasons must be added up. In the preliminary rounds of both the Champions League and Europa League, the awarded points are halved. Bonus points are allocated for:

  • Qualifying for the Champions League group phase. (4 bonus points)
  • Reaching the second round of the Champions League. (5 bonus points)
  • Reaching the quarter, semi and final of both Champions League and Europa League. (1 bonus point)

The bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season.

Current ranking

The rankings determine the proportion in 2011–12 competitions. The rankings are as follows:[4]

Rank
2010 		Rank
2009 		Mvmt League 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 Coeff. CL places EL places Total
1 1 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — England England 14.428 16.625 17.875 15.000 17.928 81.856 4 3 7
2 2 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Spain Spain 15.642 19.000 13.875 13.312 17.642 79.471
3 4 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Germany Germany 10.437 9.500 13.500 12.687 18.083 64.207
4 3 −1 Italy Italy 15.357 11.928 10.250 11.375 15.142 64.052 3 6
5 5 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — France France 10.812 10.000 6.928 11.000 15.000 53.740
6 6 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Russia Russia 10.000 6.625 11.250 9.750 6.166 43.791
7 7 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Ukraine Ukraine 5.700 6.500 4.875 16.625 5.800 39.550 2 4
8 9 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Romania Romania 16.833 11.333 2.600 2.642 6.083 39.491
9 10 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Portugal Portugal 5.500 8.083 7.928 6.785 10.000 38.296
10 8 −2 Netherlands Netherlands 7.583 8.214 5.000 6.333 9.416 36.546 3 5
11 11 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Turkey Turkey 4.000 6.100 9.750 7.000 7.600 34.450
12 12 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Greece Greece 3.333 4.666 7.500 6.500 7.900 29.899
13 15 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Switzerland Switzerland 9.375 4.100 6.250 2.900 5.750 28.375
14 14 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Belgium Belgium 5.500 4.700 4.500 4.500 8.700 27.900
15 16 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Denmark Denmark 3.500 6.125 5.125 8.200 4.400 27.350
16 13 −3 Scotland Scotland 4.250 6.750 10.250 1.875 2.666 25.791 1 3 4
17 17 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Bulgaria Bulgaria 8.750 5.125 2.750 2.250 3.125 22.000
18 18 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Czech Republic Czech Republic 4.625 5.750 5.125 2.375 4.100 21.975
19 20 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Austria Austria 3.250 1.500 3.200 2.250 9.375 19.575
20 22 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Israel Israel 1.500 6.000 2.375 1.750 7.250 18.875
21 23 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Cyprus Cyprus 3.000 1.750 2.666 6.333 4.250 17.999
22 19 −3 Norway Norway 5.400 2.000 5.400 2.500 2.100 17.400
23 25 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Slovakia Slovakia 4.333 2.000 2.166 4.833 2.500 15.832
24 24 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Sweden Sweden 2.666 1.125 5.400 2.500 2.500 14.191
25 21 −4 Serbia Serbia 3.250 2.125 2.625 3.000 3.000 14.000
26 26 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Poland Poland 1.125 2.625 1.666 5.000 2.125 12.541
27 27 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Croatia Croatia 0.333 1.000 3.666 4.333 3.000 12.332
28 33 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +5 Belarus Belarus 1.333 1.000 1.833 4.000 3.375 11.541
29 30 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland 1.833 2.833 1.000 2.500 1.375 9.541
30 28 −2 Finland Finland 2.333 1.333 2.625 1.833 1.375 9.499
31 34 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +3 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.500 1.833 1.833 1.833 1.750 8.749
32 29 −3 Lithuania Lithuania 1.333 1.833 1.500 2.500 1.250 8.416
33 31 −3 Latvia Latvia 1.333 2.166 1.333 1.166 2.250 8.248
34 36 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Moldova Moldova 1.666 1.500 1.333 0.666 2.125 7.290
35 32 −3 Slovenia Slovenia 2.333 1.250 0.666 1.333 1.375 6.957
36 35 −1 Hungary Hungary 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.750 6.750
37 38 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +1 Georgia (country) Georgia 0.666 1.166 1.000 1.166 1.750 5.748
38 41 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +3 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 1.333 1.333 0.666 0.666 1.500 5.498
39 36 −3 Iceland Iceland 0.833 1.000 1.166 1.166 1.250 5.415
40 40 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — North Macedonia Republic of Macedonia 1.500 1.166 1.666 0.500 0.500 5.332
41 39 −2 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein1 1.000 2.000 0.500 0.000 1.000 4.500 0 1 1
42 44 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1.000 0.666 0.750 0.833 1.250 4.499 1 3 4
43 42 −1 Estonia Estonia 0.833 1.500 0.833 0.333 0.875 4.374
44 43 −1 Albania Albania 1.000 0.833 0.500 0.666 1.000 3.999
45 45 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Armenia Armenia 0.666 0.500 1.333 0.000 0.500 2.999
46 46 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Wales Wales 0.666 0.666 0.666 0.333 0.250 2.581
47 50 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +3 Montenegro Montenegro 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 1.125 2.125
48 47 −1 Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 0.666 0.500 0.333 0.333 0.000 1.832
49 47 −2 Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 0.500 0.166 0.500 0.333 0.125 1.624
50 49 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Luxembourg Luxembourg 0.500 0.166 0.333 0.000 0.250 1.249
51 51 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Andorra Andorra 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 1.000
52 52 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Malta Malta 0.000 0.166 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.916 2 3
53 53 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — San Marino San Marino 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.500 0.750
  Indicates active countries which have teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.

1 The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organize a national league competition for the reason that it does not have the necessary amount of national clubs. Therefore the only competitor from Liechtenstein in European competitions is the Liechtenstein Cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Europa League.

The first 12 countries' "champions" go to the main rounds of the competitions automatically, whereas teams from the other countries are obliged to enter into qualification rounds.

Further information on the Liechtenstein's status and similar cases.

According to the UEFA regulations a National League to be considered a valid needs to consist of at least eight clubs, otherwise no participants of such league will allow to enter European competitions. The are only seven clubs that are active in Liechtenstein all of which play in the neighboring Switzerland's league competitions. Note: prior the introduction of the Welsh Premier League in 1992 Wales also had a single participant, the winner (or best placed Welsh team as several English teams also competed) of the Welsh Cup, in the European competitions.

History

Premier LeagueLa LigaSerie AFußball-BundesligaSerie AFootball League First DivisionFußball-BundesligaFootball League First DivisionLa Liga

Ranking was published by UEFA since 1979 to identify number of participants for each country in the UEFA Cup after the re-organization of the Inter-cities Fairs Cup in in 1971. No calculation of coefficients was taking place prior to that. Later for statistical purposes various rankings were introduced to portray the history of competitions. Because Inter-cities Fairs Cup was limited only to certain clubs and/or by invitation no coefficient calculation was necessary. According to the prorated (extended) calculation system only four leagues have succeeded in being the top European league. Bert Kassies explains well all the little details on the history of the rankings (refer to his website below).[5]

The table at the right shows the history of first placed teams in UEFA League Coefficients.

The next table shows the ranking of nations with respect to total number of years leading in Europe:

Rank League Total
1 Spain Primera División 15
2 Italy Serie A 13
3 England First Division
England Premier League 		12
4 Germany Fußball-Bundesliga 10

Club coefficient

The club coefficient is determined by the results of a club in European club competition in the last five seasons, and the league coefficient. The club coefficient is 20% of the league coefficient plus the number of points earned by the club in the five seasons. Before 2004 the contribution of the country coefficient was 50%. The points earned by a club in the preliminary rounds are not counted.[4]

The clubs get two points for a win and one point for a draw in games of the main stage of European competitions. Participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League is rewarded with three points. Reaching every knockout round of Champions League or quarter-finals and every further rounds of UEFA Cup is rewarded with a point.[6] Since the introduction of the UEFA Europa League, clubs participated in the qualifying round and in the play-offs of both competition. Also, points rewarded for participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League increased to four points and another four points rewarded for qualifying to round of 16 for both competition.

Round Points awarded
Champions League Europa League
Eliminated in first qualifying round 0.5 0.25
Eliminated in second qualifying round 1 0.5
Eliminated in third qualifying round – 1
Eliminated in play-offs – 1.5

Also, a guaranteed minimum of two points is introduced for the clubs which participate in the group stage of Europa League.

This ranking is used by UEFA to determine which pot the club belongs to in the preliminary and first rounds of the Champions League, and the preliminary, first and second rounds of the Europa League.

Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams do not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of, the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five years.

The top 20 clubs currently are as follows:[7]

Rank
Current 		Rank
Previous 		Mvmt Club Country 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 Coeff.
1 1 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Barcelona  Spain 32.1284 17.8000 27.7750 28.6625 30.5284 136.894
2 4 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Manchester United  England 10.8855 25.3250 32.5750 28.0000 28.5856 125.371
3 2 -1 Chelsea  England 15.8855 26.3250 28.5750 25.0000 22.5856 118.371
4 6 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Arsenal  England 29.8855 16.3250 21.5750 22.0000 25.5856 115.371
4 2 -2 Liverpool  England 15.8855 27.3250 24.5750 23.0000 24.5856 115.371
6 8 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Bayern Munich  Germany 16.0875 18.9000 22.7000 22.5375 30.6166 110.841
7 7 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Sevilla  Spain 28.1285 28.8000 18.7750 10.6625 22.5284 108.894
8 5 -3 Milan  Italy 24.0710 26.3855 16.0500 14.2750 19.0284 99.810
9 11 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +2 Internazionale  Italy 22.0710 15.3855 16.0500 13.2750 32.0284 98.810
10 10 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Lyon  France 23.1624 17.0000 13.3856 15.2000 28.0000 96.748
11 9 -2 Werder Bremen  Germany 13.0875 22.9000 15.7000 24.5375 18.6166 94.841
12 21 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +9 Hamburg  Germany 15.0874 6.9000 18.7000 24.5374 21.6166 86.841
13 13 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Real Madrid  Spain 15.1285 17.8000 14.7750 14.6625 22.5284 84.894
14 14 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Roma  Italy 17.0710 19.3855 19.0500 16.2750 12.0284 83.810
15 19 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +4 Porto  Portugal 8.1000 14.6165 15.5855 17.3570 21.0000 76.659
16 16 File:Yellow-Circle.svg — Shakhtar Donetsk  Ukraine 12.1500 13.3000 7.9750 29.3250 11.1600 73.910
17 23 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +6 Benfica  Portugal 17.1000 17.6166 12.5856 4.3570 21.0000 72.659
18 12 -6 Villareal  Spain 22.1285 3.8000 15.7750 18.6625 10.4428 70.808
19 49 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +30 Bordeaux  France 2.1624 11.0000 13.3856 11.2000 30.0000 67.748
20 26 File:GreenUpArrow.svg +6 València  Spain 3.1284 20.8000 9.7750 13.6624 19.5284 66.894
  Indicates teams still active in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.
  Indicates teams from active countries which had a team competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.

Top club by period

Top-ranked clubs in each 5-year period listed by year.

Top-rated clubs listed by number of years as top-ranked club.

Rank Club Total
1 Spain Real Madrid 14
2 Italy Juventus 7
3 Spain Barcelona 6
4 Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach 5
5 Portugal Benfica 3
England Leeds United 3
Netherlands Ajax 3
Germany Bayern Munich 3
9 England Liverpool 2
Italy Milan 2
11 Spain Real Zaragoza 1
Belgium Anderlecht 1
France Paris Saint-Germain 1
England Chelsea 1

See also

Concacaf club coefficients

References

  1. ^ "EXCO approves new coefficient system". UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  2. ^ "New UEFA National Team Coefficient Ranking System" (PDF). UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  3. ^ "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA. 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
  4. ^ a b "UEFA Team Ranking 2010". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 30 April 2010. Cite error: The named reference "crank" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database (Bert Kassies)
  6. ^ "FAQ". UEFA. 1 July 2005. Retrieved 14 March 2009.
  7. ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2010". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
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