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Haplogroup J-M267

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Haplogroup J1
Possible time of origin15,400[1] to 24,000 BP[citation needed]
Possible place of originWestern Asia
AncestorJ
DescendantsJ1a, J1b, J1c
Defining mutationsM267
Highest frequenciesSemitic populations generally, plus their neighbours; and also the Caucasus (especially Dagestan)

In human genetics, Y DNA haplogroup J1, also known as J-M267, is a sub-haplogroup of Haplogroup J, along with its sibling clade Haplogroup J2. It is one of the most commonly shared ancient paternal lineages found amongst men in many parts of North Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus, and the Horn of Africa.

This type of Y DNA is generally defined by the presence of the SNP mutation referred to as M267.

Distribution

File:Distribution Haplogroup J1 Y-DNA.jpg
J1 distribution

J1 M267 is a typical Y chromosome of populations of the Arabian peninsula, Dagestan, Mesopotamia, the Levant and Semitic-speaking populations of North Africa and Northeast Africa, and further distribution throughout Western Asia and other neighbouring areas.

The frequency of Haplogroup J1 is particularly high in Semitic-speaking populations (often much higher in those populations than in neighbouring ones) and in the Caucasus, it is particularly common in Daghestan. For comparison with neighbouring areas, Iran has approximately 10.5%[2] and Turkey 9%.[3]

The distribution of J1 outside of the Middle East may be associated with the Semites who traded and conquered in Sicily, southern Italy, Tunisia, Spain (where is associated with Hg T-M70) and Pakistan.[citation needed] Daghestani J1 tends to be different from Arabic J1.[citation needed]

Arabian Plate

Haplogroup J1, defined by the 267 marker is the most common Y haplogroup in Yemen(73%), Qatar (58%).[4] and Saudi Arabia (64%).[5]


J1 is generally frequent amongst Negev Bedouins (62%[6]). It is also very common among other Arabs such as those of the Levant, i.e. Palestinian (38.4%)[7].

Caucasus

Haplogroup J1 is the most frequent Y haplogroup in Dagestan among Kubachi (99%), Kaitak (85%), Avars (58%), Dargins (69%), Lezgins (44%) and Chechens (21%).[8]

North Africa and Horn Of Africa

In North Africa, J1 is found at the highest rates among the Sudanese of khartoum (74%) [9]. The Haplogroup's frequency rates among the Sudanese Arabs is (45%),Nubians (41%), Copts is (39%), Beja is (36%), and present with lower frequency in the region of Darfur: Masalit (6%), Fur (6%).[10] J1 is also found with high frequency among Algerians (15-35%) and Tunisians (15-34%),where as in Morocco it is (20%).Haplogroup J1 may be found in as many as 20% of Egyptian males,[11] with the frequency of this haplogroup tending to be comparatively high in the south of the country.[12] J1 is also Observed among East Africans Amhara 36% , Arsi Ethiopians 26%, Oromo Ethiopians 2.56%.[13]

Europe

In general J1 has a very low frequency in Europe. However, higher frequencies has been reported in the central Adriatic regions of Italy Gargano (17.2%),[14] Pescara (15%),[14] in the Mediterranean Paola (11.1%),[14], Crete (8.3%),[15] Malta (7.8%), South Portugal (7%)[16], Cyprus (6.2%),[17] Greece (5.3%).[15] and Sicily(3.8%).[18]

Distribution

The following gives a summary of studies after 2004, some of which tested for the M267 SNP and some of which do not, where the distribution is greater than 1%.

Country/Region Sampling N J1 Source
Albania 56 3.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Algeria 20 35 Semino et al. (2004)
Algeria Oran 102 22.5 Robino et al. (2008)[19]
Canary Islands Modern Native Peoples 30 16.7 Fregel et al. 2009*
Canary Islands Ancient DNA,Aboriginal 42 11.9 Fregel et al. 2009*
Caucasus 1525 23.2 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Avars 115 58.3 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Dargins 101 69.3 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Kubachi 65 98.5 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Kaitak 33 84.8 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Lezghins 81 44.4 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Chechens 330 20.9 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Circassians 142 4.9 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Ingush 143 2.8 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Caucasus Ossets 357 2.2 Balanovsky et al. (2011)
Central Asia 184 9.7 Semino et al. (2004)
Comoros Islands Modern Native Peoples 381 5.6 Msaidie,S. et al. 2011[20]
Cyprus 164 12.9 El-Sibai et al. (2009)
Egypt 147 19.7 Flores et al. (2005)
Egypt Western Desert (el-Hayez) 35 31.4 Kujanová et al. (2009)[21]
Ethiopia Amhara 48 33.3 Semino et al. (2004)
Ethiopia Oromo 78 2.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Europe Ashkenazim Jewish 442 19 Behar et al. (2004)
Europe Ashkenazim Jewish 82 14.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Europe Sephardim Jewish 42 11.9 Semino et al. (2004)
Georgia 45 6.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Greece 92 2.2 Semino et al. (2004)
Greece 442 2.5 Flores et al. (2005)
Greece Nea Nikomedeia 57 10.5 King et al. (2008)
Greece Sesklo/Dimini 57 3.5 King et al. (2008)
Greece Lerna/Franchthi 57 1.8 King et al. (2008)
Greece Crete 193 8.3 King et al. (2008)
Greece Macedonia 56 1.8 Semino et al. (2004)
Iberia 655 2.1 Fregel et al. (2009)
Iran 318 13.8 Flores et al. (2005)
Iran 324 8.02 Haber, M. et al.2010*
Iraq 156 28.2 Semino et al. (2004)
Iraq 203 31 Flores et al. (2005)
Israel Palestinians 143 38.4 Semino et al. (2004)
Israel Bedouin 32 62.5 Semino et al. (2004)
Italy Calabria 57 1.8 Semino et al. (2004)
Italy Apulia 86 2.3 Semino et al. (2004)
Italy Sicily 42 7.1 Semino et al. (2004)
Italy Sicily 236 3.8 Gaetano al. (2008)
Italy Sardinia 144 2.8 Semino et al. (2004)
Jordan Amman & Dead Sea areas 101 40.6 Flores et al. (2005)*
Jordania 273 31.9 El-Sibai et al. (2009)
Kuwait 42 33.3 El-Sibai et al. (2009)
Lebanon 40 12.5 Semino et al. (2004)
Lebanon 914 20.1 Zalloua et al. (2008)[22]
Lebanon 104 16.3 Flores et al. (2005)
Lebanon Maronites 518 17.95 Haber, M. et al.2010[23]
Lebanon Greek Orthodox 116 18.1 Haber, M. et al.2010[23]
Lebanon Muslims 568 21.3 Haber, M. et al.2010[23]
Malta 90 7.8 El-Sibai et al. (2009)
Morocco Arab 49 10.2 Semino et al. (2004)
Morocco Arab 44 13.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Morocco Berber 64 6.3 Semino et al. (2004)
Morocco Berber 103 7.8 Semino et al. (2004)
Morocco Residents in Italy 51 19.6 Onofri et al. (2008)*
Morocco Bosh et al 2001 221 5 Fregel et al. (2009)
North Africa Saharawish 29 17.2 Semino et al. (2004)
North Africa Saharawish 89 20.3 Fregel et al. (2009)
North Africa Algeria, Tunisia 202 29.2 Fregel et al. (2009)
Oman 121 37.2 Flores et al. (2005)
Pakistan Hunza 38 2.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Pakistan-India 88 7.9 Semino et al. (2004)
Pakistan 718 4.9 Flores et al. (2005)
Portugal North, Center, South 303 4.3 Gonçalves et al.2005
Portugal North 101 1 Gonçalves et al. (2005)Gonçalves et al. 2005[24]
Portugal Center 102 4.9 Gonçalves et al. 2005
Portugal South 100 7 Gonçalves et al. 2005*
Portugal Tras-os-Montes (Jews) 57 12.3 Nogueiro et al. (2010)[25]
Qatar 72 58.3 Cadenas et al. 2008
Saudi Arabia 106 64.2 Alshamaly et al. 2009
Saudi Arabia 157 40.1 Abu-Amero et al. 2009
Somali 201 2.5 Flores et al. (2005)
Spain Andalusia 93 1.1 Semino et al. (2004)
Spain Canary Islands 652 3.53 Fregel et al. (2009)
Sudan Khartoum 35 74 Chiaroni el al. (2010)
Syria 111 32.4 Flores et al. (2005)
Syria 554 33.8 El-Sibai et al. (2009)
Syria 518 33.78 Haber, M. et al.2010*
Tunisia 73 30.1 Semino et al. (2004)
Tunisia 52 34.6 Onofri et al. (2008)*Onofri,V. et al 2008*,[26]
Turkey Muslim Kurd 95 11.6 Semino et al. (2004)
Turkey Muslim Kurd 251 11.2 Flores et al. (2005)
Turkey Istanbul 73 6.9 Semino et al. (2004)
Turkey Konya 129 3.9 Semino et al. (2004)
Turkey 523 9.2 Flores et al. (2005)
UAE 164 35 Abu-Amero et al. 2009
Yemen 104 80.8 Alshamaly et al. 2009
Yemen 62 72.7 Cadenas et al. 2008*

Subclades

The P58 marker which defines subgroup J1c3 was first identified by Karafet et al. in 2008. From early commercial testing, it appears that its associated Y-STR haplotype range spans most of the haplotypes associated with haplogroup J1, and that most members of haplogroup J1 (with the exception of some stray results) will in fact belong to this subgroup. However these are only early indications, and as of yet no systematic academic geographical testing has included this marker. One group which appears to systematically test negative for P58 are individuals with marker DYS388=13, indicating that this subset appears to be descended from a group that were negative for P58. According to Yunusbayev et al. 2006 [citation needed]: "Overall, our results corroborate the initially suggested genetic contribution of Middle Eastern populations to Caucasus populations".

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree[27] and subsequent published research.

  • J1 (L255, L321, M267) Typical of populations of the Arabian peninsula, Dagestan, Mesopotamia, the Levant and Semitic-speaking populations of North Africa and Northeast Africa, with a moderate distribution throughout Western Asia'
    • J1* -
    • J1a (M62) Found at a low frequency in Britain
    • J1b (M365.1)
    • J1c (L136)
      • J1c1 (M390) - formerly J1c
      • J1c2 (P56) - formerly J1d
      • J1c3 (P58/PAGES00008) - formerly J1e
        • J1c3* -
        • J1c3a (M367.1, M368.1) - formerly J1e1
        • J1c3b (M369) - formerly J1e2
        • J1c3c (L92, L93)
        • J1c3d (L147.1)
          • J1c3d* -
          • J1c3d1 (L174.1)
          • J1c3d2 (L222.2)
            • J1c3d2* -
              • J1c3d2a (L65.2/S159.2)

References

  1. ^ Cinnioğlu, Cengiz; King, Roy; Kivisild, Toomas; Kalfoglu, Ersi; Atasoy, Sevil; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Lillie, Anita S.; Roseman, Charles C.; Lin, Alice A. (2004), "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia" (PDF), Hum Genet, 114 (2): 127, doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4, PMID 14586639
  2. ^ Mean percentage derived from 3/33 = 9.09% North Iran and 14/117 = 11.97% South Iran, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration, Regueiro et al. 2006
  3. ^ 47 out of 523, Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia, Cinnioglu et al. 2004
  4. ^ Cadenas AM, Zhivotovsky LA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2008). "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 16 (3): 374–86. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934. PMID 17928816. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Yemen 45/62 = 72.6% J1-M267 Qatar 42/72 = 58.3% J1-M267
  5. ^ Alshamaly et al. 2009: 68/106 (64%)
  6. ^ 21/31 Nebel et al. 2001
  7. ^ <Semino et al. 2004
  8. ^ Oleg Balanovsky, Khadizhat Dibirova, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak, Svetlana Frolova, Elvira Pocheshkhova, Marc Haber, Daniel Platt, Theodore Schurr, Wolfgang Haak, Marina Kuznetsova, Magomed Radzhabov, Olga Balaganskaya, Alexey Romanov, Tatiana Zakharova, David F. Soria Hernanz, Pierre Zalloua, Sergey Koshel, Merritt Ruhlen, Colin Renfrew, R. Spencer Wells, Chris Tyler-Smith, Elena Balanovska, and The Genographic Consortium Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region Mol Biol Evol (2011) msr126 first published online May 13, 2011 doi:10.1093/molbev/msr126
  9. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987219/
  10. ^ Hisham Y. Hassan et al., "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History," American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2008). J-12f2(xJ2-M172) in 46/102 Sudanese Arabs of the Gaalien, Meseria, and Arakien tribes, 16/39 Nubians, 13/33 Copts, 15/42 Beja, 2/32 Masalit, and 2/32 Fur.
  11. ^ Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M; et al. (2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74 (3): 532–44. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266. PMID 14973781. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Barbara Arredi, Estella S. Poloni, Silvia Paracchini, Tatiana Zerjal, Dahmani M. Fathallah, Mohamed Makrelouf, Vincenzo L. Pascali, Andrea Novelletto and Chris Tyler-Smith, "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa," American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 75, Issue 2, August 2004, Pages 338-345. Haplogroup J-12f2(xJ2-M172) in 4/44 = 9.1% of a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Mansoura in northern Egypt, and 6/29 = 40.7% of a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Luxor in southern Egypt.
  13. ^ http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v18/n3/abs/ejhg2009166a.html
  14. ^ a b c http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/italy.pdf
  15. ^ a b King RJ, Ozcan SS, Carter T; et al. (2008). "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic". Ann. Hum. Genet. 72 (Pt 2): 205–14. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x. PMID 18269686. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link),http://www.atlascom.gr/HELLENIC_DNA_PAPER.PDF,
    Crete 16 out of 193
    Greece 9 out of 171
  16. ^ 7/100,"Y-chromosome Lineages from Portugal, Madeira and A¸cores Record Elements of Sephardim and Berber Ancestry," Annals of Human Genetics (2005) 69,443–454, Goncalves et al. (2005) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x/pdf
  17. ^ Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective, Capelli et al. 2005
  18. ^ http://volgagermanbrit.us/documents/ejhg2008120a.pdf
  19. ^ Robino,C. et al 2008*,"Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample" Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample,Int J Legal Med (2008) 122:251–255 http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:P0Plz8c7cNoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,38 or http://www.icb.uncu.edu.ar/upload/analysis-of-y-chromosomal-snp-haplogroups-and-str.pdf
  20. '^ Msaidie,S. et al. 2011*, 'Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean, European Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 19, 89–94 N http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v19/n1/full/ejhg2010128a.html or http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v19/n1/pdf/ejhg2010128a.pdf
  21. ^ Kujanová,M et al 2009, Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert,Kujanová, M., Pereira, L., Fernandes, V., Pereira, J. B. and Černý, V. (2009), Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140: 336–346. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21078 NOTE: No mention of J-M267 in Abstract. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21078/abstract
  22. ^ Zalloua, P.A. et al.2008,"Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events" Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events, Zalloua, P.A. et al.2008, Am J Hum Genet. 2008 April 11; 82(4): 873–882. Published online 2008 April 4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020 NOTE:J1-M267 binary marker is not used. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2427286/ or http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2427286/pdf/main.pdf
  23. ^ a b c Haber, M. et al.2010 Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon,Haber, M. et al.2010, European Journal of Human Genetics (2010), 1–7, NOTE:Use of J1-M267 binary marker http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:MO30UBCDqqQJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,38&as_ylo=2010&as_vis=1 or https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/genographic/StaticFiles/ProjectUpdates/EJHG2010.pdf
  24. ^ Y-chromosome Lineages from Portugal, Madeira, and A¸cores Record Elements of Sephardim and Berber Ancestry, Annals of Human Genetics (2005) 69,443–454, http://www3.uma.pt/abrehm/v1.1/docs/downloads/pdfs/Goncalves_Y_Portugal_AnnHumGenet2005.pdf
  25. ^ Nogueiro, I, et al 2010, Phylogeographic analysis of paternal lineages in NE Portuguese Jewish communities Nogueiro, Ines | Manco, Licinio | Gomes, Veronica | Amorim, Antonio | Gusmao, Leonor American Journal of Physical Anthropology [Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.]. Vol. 141, no. 3, pp. 373-381. Mar 2010. http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=12740547&q=&uid=789918829&setcookie=yes
  26. ^ "Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations" ,Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2008, Pages 235-236, Progress in Forensic Genetics 12 - Proceedings of the 22nd International ISFG http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21078/abstract
  27. ^ Karafet et al. (2008), Abstract New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree, Genome Research, DOI: 10.1101/gr.7172008

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