Ramones
Ramones | |
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![]() The Ramones performing in Oslo in 1980. Left to right: Johnny, Dee Dee, and Joey. | |
Background information | |
Origin | Forest Hills, Queens, New York, United States |
Genres | Punk rock |
Years active | 1974–1996 |
Labels | Sire, Philips, Beggars Banquet, Radioactive, Chrysalis |
Past members | Dee Dee Ramone Johnny Ramone Joey Ramone Tommy Ramone Marky Ramone Richie Ramone Elvis Ramone (Clem Burke) C. J. Ramone |
The Ramones were an American rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first punk rock group.[1][2] Despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the punk rock movement both in the United States and the United Kingdom.
All of the band members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname "Ramone", though none of them were related. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years.[2] In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded.[3] By a little more than eight years after the breakup, the band's three founding members—lead singer Joey Ramone, guitarist Johnny Ramone, and bassist Dee Dee Ramone—had died.[4][5][6]
Their only record with enough U.S. sales to be certified gold was the compilation album Ramones Mania.[7] However, recognition of the band's importance built over the years, and they are now cited in many assessments of all-time great rock music, such as the Rolling Stone list of the 50 Greatest Artists of All Time[8] and VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.[9] In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, trailing only The Beatles.[10] On March 18, 2002, the Ramones—including the three founders and drummers Marky and Tommy Ramone—were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[2][11] In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[12][13]
History
Early days: 1974–1975
The original members of the band met in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens. John Cummings and Thomas Erdelyi had both been in a high-school garage band from 1966 to 1967 known as the Tangerine Puppets.[14] They became friends with Douglas Colvin, who had recently moved to the area from Germany,[15] and Jeffrey Hyman, who was the initial lead singer of the glam rock band Sniper, founded in 1972.[16][17]
The Ramones began taking shape in early 1974, when Cummings and Colvin invited Hyman to join them in a band. The initial lineup featured Colvin on lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Cummings on lead guitar, and Hyman on drums. Colvin, who soon switched from rhythm guitar to bass, was the first to adopt the name "Ramone", calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by Paul McCartney's use of the pseudonym Paul Ramon during his Silver Beatles days.[18][19] Dee Dee convinced the other members to take on the name and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones.[20] Hyman and Cummings became Joey Ramone and Johnny Ramone, respectively.[20]
A friend of the band, Monte A. Melnick (later their tour manager), helped to arrange rehearsal time for them at Manhattan's Performance Studios, where he worked. Johnny's former bandmate Erdelyi was set to become their manager. Soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play his bass guitar simultaneously; with Erdelyi's encouragement, Joey became the band's new lead singer.[18] Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each song's tempo with his signature rapid-fire shout of "1-2-3-4!" Joey soon similarly realized that he could not sing and play drums simultaneously and left the position of drummer. While auditioning prospective replacements, Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to perform the group's music better than anyone else, and he joined the band as Tommy Ramone.[21]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/PunkMagazine.jpg/150px-PunkMagazine.jpg)
The Ramones played before an audience for the first time on March 30, 1974, at Performance Studios.[2] The songs they played were very fast and very short; most clocked in at under two minutes. Around this time, a new music scene was emerging in New York centered around two clubs in downtown Manhattan—Max's Kansas City and, more famously, CBGB (usually referred to as CBGB's). The Ramones made their CBGB debut on August 16. Legs McNeil, who co-founded Punk magazine the following year, later described the impact of that performance: "They were all wearing these black leather jackets. And they counted off this song...and it was just this wall of noise.... They looked so striking. These guys were not hippies. This was something completely new."[22]
The band swiftly became regulars at the club, playing there seventy-four times by the end of the year. After garnering considerable attention for their performances—which averaged about seventeen minutes from beginning to end—the group was signed to a recording contract in late 1975 by Seymour Stein of Sire Records. Stein's wife, Linda Stein, had seen the band play at CBGB's; she would later co-manage them along with Danny Fields.[23] By this time, the Ramones were recognized as leaders of the new scene that was increasingly being referred to as "punk".[24][25] The group's unusual frontman had a lot to do with their impact. As Dee Dee explained, "All the other singers [in New York] were copying David Johansen [of The New York Dolls], who was copying Mick Jagger.... But Joey was unique, totally unique."[26]
Spearheading punk: 1976–1977
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Johnny_and_Joey_Ramone.jpg/220px-Johnny_and_Joey_Ramone.jpg)
The Ramones recorded their debut album, Ramones, in February 1976. Of the fourteen songs on the album, the longest, "I Don't Wanna Go Down to the Basement", barely surpassed two-and-a-half minutes. While the songwriting credits were shared by the entire band, Dee Dee was the primary writer. Ramones was produced by Sire's Craig Leon, with Tommy as associate producer, on an extremely low budget of about $6,400 and released in April.[27] The now iconic front cover photograph of the band was taken by Roberta Bayley, a photographer for Punk magazine.[28]
Ramones was not a commercial success, reaching only number 111 on the Billboard album chart. The two singles released from the album, "Blitzkrieg Bop" and "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend", failed to chart at all. At the band's first major performance outside of New York, a June date in Youngstown, Ohio, approximately ten people showed up.[29] It wasn't until they made a brief tour of England that they began to see the fruits of their labor; a performance at The Roundhouse in London on July 4, 1976 (second-billed to the Flamin' Groovies), organized by Linda Stein, was a resounding success.[30] Their Roundhouse appearance and a club date the following night—where the band met members of the Sex Pistols and The Clash—helped galvanize the burgeoning UK punk rock scene.[4] The Flamin' Groovies/Ramones double bill was successfully reprised at The Roxy in Los Angeles the following month, fueling the punk scene there as well. The Ramones were becoming an increasingly popular live act—a Toronto performance in September energized yet another growing punk scene.[31]
Their next two albums, Leave Home and Rocket to Russia, were released in 1977. Both were coproduced by Tommy and Tony Bongiovi, the second cousin of Jon Bon Jovi.[32] Leave Home met with even less chart success than Ramones, though it did include "Pinhead", which became one of the band's signature songs with its chanted refrain of "Gabba gabba hey!" Rocket to Russia was the band's highest-charting album to date, reaching number 49 on the Billboard 200.[33] In Rolling Stone, critic Dave Marsh called it "the best American rock & roll of the year".[34] The album also featured the first Ramones single to enter the Billboard charts (albeit only as high as number 81): "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker". The follow-up single, "Rockaway Beach", reached number 66—the highest any Ramones single would ever reach in America. On December 31, 1977, the Ramones recorded It's Alive, a live concert double album, at the Rainbow Theatre, London, which was released in April 1979 (the title is a reference to the 1974 horror film It's Alive).[35]
Recordings turn more pop: 1978–1983
Tommy, tired of touring, left the band in early 1978. He continued as the Ramones' record producer under his birth name of Erdelyi. His position as drummer was filled by Marc Bell, who had been a member of the early 1970s hard rock band Dust, Wayne County and the Backstreet Boys,[36] and the pioneering punk group Richard Hell & The Voidoids.[37] Bell became Marky Ramone. Later that year, the band released their fourth studio album, and first with Marky, Road to Ruin. The album, co-produced by Tommy with Ed Stasium, included some new sounds such as acoustic guitar, several ballads, and the band's first two recorded songs longer than three minutes. It failed to reach the Billboard Top 100. However, "I Wanna Be Sedated", which appeared both on the album and as a single, would become one of the band's best-known songs.[38] The artwork on the album's cover was done by Punk magazine co-founder John Holmstrom.[39]
After the band's movie debut in Roger Corman's Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979), renowned producer Phil Spector became interested in the Ramones and produced their 1980 album End of the Century. During the recording sessions in Los Angeles, Spector held Dee Dee at gunpoint, forcing him to repeatedly play a riff.[40] Though it was to be the highest-charting album in the band's history—reaching number 44 in the United States and number 14 in Great Britain—Johnny made clear that he favored the band's more aggressive punk material: "End of the Century was just watered-down Ramones. It's not the real Ramones."[41] This stance was also conveyed by the title and track selection of the compilation album Johnny later oversaw, Loud, Fast Ramones: Their Toughest Hits. Despite these reservations, Johnny did concede that some of Spector's work with the band had merit, saying "It really worked when he got to a slower song like 'Danny Says'—the production really worked tremendously. 'Rock 'N' Roll Radio' is really good. For the harder stuff, it didn't work as well."[42] The syrupy, string-laden Ronettes cover "Baby, I Love You" released as a single, became the band's biggest hit in Great Britain, reaching number 8 on the charts.[43]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ramones_1983_b.jpg/220px-Ramones_1983_b.jpg)
Pleasant Dreams, the band's sixth album, was released in 1981. It continued the trend established by End of the Century, diluting the rawer punk sound showcased on the band's initial three albums. Slick production was again featured, this time provided by Graham Gouldman of UK pop act 10cc. Johnny would contend in retrospect that this direction was a record company decision, a continued futile attempt to get airplay on American radio.[1][42] While Pleasant Dreams reached number 58 on the U.S. chart, its two singles failed to register at all.[44]
Subterranean Jungle, produced by Ritchie Cordell and Glen Kolotkin, was released in 1983.[45] Billy Rogers, who had performed with Johnny Thunders and The Heartbreakers, played drums on the album's second single, a cover of The Chambers Brothers' "Time Has Come Today".[46] Subterranean Jungle peaked at number 83 in the United States—it would be the last album by the band to crack the Billboard Top 100.[47][48]
Shuffling members: 1983–1989
After the release of Subterranean Jungle, Marky was fired from the band due to his alcoholism.[49] He was replaced by Richard Reinhardt, who adopted the name Richie Ramone. The first album the Ramones recorded with Richie was Too Tough to Die in 1984, with Tommy Erdelyi and Ed Stasium returning as producers. The album marked a shift to something like the band's original sound. In the description of Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the "rhythms are back up to jackhammer speed and the songs are down to short, terse statements."[50]
The band's main release of 1985 was the British single "Bonzo Goes to Bitburg"; though it was available in the United States only as an import, it was played widely on American college radio.[53] The song was written by Joey in protest of Ronald Reagan's visit to a German military cemetery where SS members were buried.[54] Retitled "My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down (Bonzo Goes to Bitburg)", the song appeared on the band's ninth studio album, Animal Boy (1986). Produced by Jean Beauvoir, formerly a member of the Plasmatics, the album was characterized by a Rolling Stone reviewer as "nonstop primal fuzz pop".[55] Making it his pick for "album of the week", New York Times critic Jon Pareles wrote that the Ramones "speak up for outcasts and disturbed individuals".[56]
The following year the band recorded their last album with Richie, Halfway to Sanity, produced by Daniel Rey. Richie left in August 1987, upset that after being in the band for four years, the other members would still not give him a share of the money they made selling T-shirts.[57] Richie was replaced by Clem Burke from Blondie, which was disbanded at the time. According to Johnny, the performances with Burke—who adopted the name Elvis Ramone—were a disaster. He was fired after two performances because his drumming could not keep up with the rest of the band.[57] Marky, now clean and sober, returned.[20]
Dee Dee left the band after the recording of their tenth studio album, 1989's Brain Drain, co-produced by Beauvoir, Rey, and Bill Laswell.[58] He was replaced by Christopher Joseph Ward (C.J. Ramone), who performed with the band until they disbanded. Dee Dee initially pursued a brief career as a rapper under the name Dee Dee King. He quickly returned to punk rock and formed several bands, in much the same vein as the Ramones, for whom he also continued to write songs.[58]
Final years: 1990–1996
After more than a decade and a half at Sire Records, the Ramones moved to a new label, Radioactive Records. Their first album for the label was 1992's Mondo Bizarro, which reunited them with producer Ed Stasium.[59] Acid Eaters, consisting entirely of cover songs, came out the following year.[60] In 1993 the Ramones were featured in the animated television series The Simpsons, providing music and voices for animated versions of themselves in the episode "Rosebud".[61]
In 1995, the Ramones released ¡Adios Amigos!, their fourteenth studio album, and announced that they planned to disband if it was not successful.[62][63] Its sales were unremarkable, garnering it just two weeks on the lower end of the Billboard chart.[64] The band spent late 1995 on what was promoted as a farewell tour. However, they accepted an offer to appear in the sixth Lollapalooza festival, which toured around the United States during the following summer.[65] After the Lollapalooza tour's conclusion, the Ramones played their final show on August 6, 1996, at the Palace in Hollywood. A recording of the concert was later released on video and CD as We're Outta Here! In addition to a reappearance by Dee Dee, the show featured several guests including Motörhead's Lemmy, Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder, Soundgarden's Chris Cornell, and Rancid's Tim Armstrong and Lars Frederiksen.[3]
Aftermath and deaths
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Marky_Ramone_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/175px-Marky_Ramone_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg)
On July 20, 1999, Dee Dee, Johnny, Joey, Tommy, Marky, and C.J. appeared together at the Virgin Megastore in New York City for an autograph signing. This was the last occasion on which the original four members of the group appeared together. Joey, who had been diagnosed with lymphoma in 1995, died of the illness on April 15, 2001, in New York.[4][66]
In 2002, the Ramones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which specifically named Dee Dee, Johnny, Joey, Tommy, and Marky. At the ceremony, the surviving inductees spoke on behalf of the band. Tommy spoke first, saying how honored the band felt, but how much it would have meant for Joey. Johnny thanked the band's fans and blessed George W. Bush and his presidency, Dee Dee humorously congratulated and thanked himself, while Marky thanked Tommy for influencing his drum style. Green Day played "Teenage Lobotomy" and "Blitzkrieg Bop" as a tribute, demonstrating the Ramones' continuing influence on later rock musicians. The ceremony was one of Dee Dee's last public appearances; on June 5, 2002, two months later, he was found at his Hollywood home, dead from a heroin overdose.[5]
On November 30, 2003, New York City unveiled a sign designating East 2nd Street at the corner of Bowery as Joey Ramone Place. The singer lived on East 2nd for a time, and the sign is near the former Bowery site of CBGB.[67] End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones, a Ramones documentary, came out in 2004. Johnny, who had been privately battling prostate cancer, died on September 15, 2004, in Los Angeles, shortly after the film's release.[6] On the same day as Johnny's death, the world's first Ramones Museum opened its doors to the public. Located in Berlin, Germany, the museum features more than 300 items of memorabilia, including a pair of stage-worn jeans from Johnny, a stage-worn glove from Joey, Marky's sneakers, and C.J.'s stage-worn bass strap.[68]
The Ramones were inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007.[69] That October saw the release of a DVD set containing concert footage of the band: It's Alive 1974-1996 includes 118 songs from 33 performances over the span of the group's career.[70] In February 2011 the group was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[12] Drummers Tommy, Marky, and Richie Ramone attended the ceremony.[12][13] Joey Ramone's award was accepted by his brother Mickey Leigh, who thanked his brother Joey Ramone for giving a voice to a whole genre of music and "To sharing his voice with us, and his character, and his style, and his charm, his sentiment, his sensitivity, his craziness and for urging us to experience every human emotion through music and most of all to have some fun in this life." During Richie Ramone's speech, Richie noted that it was the first time in history that all three drummers were under the same roof, and mused that he couldn't "...help thinking that [Joey Ramone] is watching us right now with a little smile on his face behind his rose-colored glasses." [13] Marky remarked "This is amazing. I never expected this. I'm sure Johnny, Joey and Dee Dee would never have expected this. I'm extremely honoured."[12]
Conflicts between members
Tensions between Joey and Johnny colored much of the Ramones' career. The pair were politically antagonistic, Joey being a liberal and Johnny a conservative. Their personalities also clashed: Johnny was a military brat who lived by a code of self-discipline,[71] while Joey struggled with obsessive-compulsive disorder.[72] Johnny, who was fascinated by the Nazis and Adolf Hitler, would sometimes torment Joey (who was Jewish) with anti-Semitic remarks.[73] In the early 1980s, Johnny "stole" Joey's girlfriend Linda, whom he later married. As a consequence, despite performing together for years afterward, Joey and Johnny stopped speaking to each other.[6] Johnny did not call Joey before the latter's death in 2001, but said in the documentary End of the Century that he was depressed for "the whole week" after the singer died.[57]
Aside from this central conflict, Dee Dee's bipolar disorder and repeated relapses into drug addiction also caused significant strains.[74] Tommy left the band partly in reaction to being "physically threatened by Johnny, treated with contempt by Dee Dee, and all but ignored by Joey".[73] As new members joined, payment methods and image representation became matters of serious dispute.[75] In 1997, Marky and Joey got into a fight about their respective drinking habits on the Howard Stern radio show.[76]
Style
Musical style
The Ramones' loud, fast, straightforward musical style was influenced by pop music that the band members grew up listening to in the 1950s and 1960s, including classic rock groups such as The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Kinks, and The Rolling Stones; bubblegum acts like the 1910 Fruitgum Company and Ohio Express; and girl groups such as The Ronettes and The Shangri-Las. They also drew on the harder rock sound of The Stooges and the New York Dolls, both now known as seminal protopunk bands.[77] The Ramones' style was in part a reaction against the heavily produced, often bombastic music that dominated the pop charts in the 1970s. "We decided to start our own group because we were bored with everything we heard," Joey once explained. "In 1974 everything was tenth-generation Led Zeppelin, tenth-generation Elton John, or overproduced, or just junk. Everything was long jams, long guitar solos.... We missed music like it used to be."[78] Ira Robbins and Scott Isler of Trouser Press describe the result:
With just four chords and one manic tempo, New York's Ramones blasted open the clogged arteries of mid-'70s rock, reanimating the music. Their genius was to recapture the short/simple aesthetic from which pop had strayed, adding a caustic sense of trash-culture humor and minimalist rhythm guitar sound.[79]
As leaders in the punk rock scene, the Ramones' music has usually been identified with that label,[1] while some have defined their characteristic style more specifically as pop punk[80] and others as power pop.[81] In the 1980s, the band sometimes veered into hardcore punk territory, as can be heard on Too Tough to Die.[79]
On stage, the band adopted a focused approach directly intended to increase the audience's concert experience. Johnny's instructions to C.J. when preparing for his first live performances with the group were to play facing the audience, to stand with the bass slung low between spread legs, and to walk forward to the front of stage at the same time as he did. Johnny was not a fan of guitarists who performed facing their drummer, amplifier, or other band members.[82]
Visual imagery
The Ramones' art and visual imagery complemented the themes of their music and performance. The band members adopted a uniform look of long hair, leather jackets, t-shirts, torn jeans, and sneakers. This fashion emphasized minimalism, which was a powerful influence on the New York punk scene of the 1970s and reflected the band's short, simple songs.[83] Tommy Ramone recalled that, both musically and visually, "we were influenced by comic books, movies, the Andy Warhol scene, and avant-garde films. I was a big Mad Magazine fan myself."[83]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Ramones_logo.jpg/200px-Ramones_logo.jpg)
The band's logo was created by New York City artist Arturo Vega, a longtime friend who had allowed Joey and Dee Dee to move into his loft.[84] Vega produced the band's t-shirts, their main source of income, basing most of the images on a black-and-white self-portrait photograph he had taken of his American bald eagle belt buckle which had appeared on the back sleeve of the Ramones' first album.[85] He was inspired to create the band's logo after a trip to Washington, D.C.:
I saw them as the ultimate all-American band. To me, they reflected the American character in general—an almost childish innocent aggression.... I thought, 'The Great Seal of the President of the United States' would be perfect for the Ramones, with the eagle holding arrows—to symbolize strength and the aggression that would be used against whomever dares to attack us—and an olive branch, offered to those who want to be friendly. But we decided to change it a little bit. Instead of the olive branch, we had an apple tree branch, since the Ramones were American as apple pie. And since Johnny was such a baseball fanatic, we had the eagle hold a baseball bat instead of the [Great Seal]'s arrows.[85]
The scroll in the eagle's beak originally read "Look out below", but this was soon changed to "Hey ho let's go" after the opening lyrics of the band's first single, "Blitzkrieg Bop". The arrowheads on the shield came from a design on a polyester shirt Vega had bought. The name "Ramones" was spelled out in block capitals above the logo using plastic stick-on letters.[23] Where the presidential emblem read "Seal of the President of the United States" clockwise in the border around the eagle, Vega instead placed the pseudonyms of the four band members: Johnny, Joey, Dee Dee, and Tommy. Over the years the names in the border would change as the band's lineup fluctuated.[86]
Influence
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Johnny-Ramone_1977.jpg/210px-Johnny-Ramone_1977.jpg)
The Ramones had a broad and lasting influence on the development of popular music. Music historian Jon Savage writes of their debut album that "it remains one of the few records that changed pop forever."[87] As described by Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, "The band's first four albums set the blueprint for punk, especially American punk and hardcore, for the next two decades."[88] Trouser Press's Robbins and Isler similarly write that the Ramones "not only spearheaded the original new wave/punk movement, but also drew the blueprint for subsequent hardcore punk bands".[79] Punk journalist Phil Strongman writes, "In purely musical terms, The Ramones, in attempting to re-create the excitement of pre-Dolby rock, were to cast a huge shadow—they had fused a blueprint for much of the indie future."[24] Writing for Slate in 2001, Douglas Wolk described the Ramones as "easily the most influential group of the last 30 years."[89]
The Ramones' debut album had an outsized effect relative to its modest sales. According to Tony James, a member of several seminal British punk bands, "Everybody went up three gears the day they got that first Ramones album. Punk rock—that rama-lama super fast stuff—is totally down to the Ramones. Bands were just playing in an MC5 groove until then."[90] The central fanzine of the early UK punk scene, Sniffin' Glue, was named after the song "Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue", which appeared on the debut LP.[91] The Ramones' first British concert, at London's Roundhouse concert hall, was held on July 4, 1976, the United States Bicentennial. The Sex Pistols were playing in Sheffield that evening, supported by The Clash, making their public debut. The next night, members of both bands attended the Ramones' gig at the Dingwall's club. Ramones manager Danny Fields recalls a conversation between Johnny Ramone and Clash bassist Paul Simonon (which he mislocates at the Roundhouse): "Johnny asked him, 'What do you do? Are you in a band?' Paul said, 'Well, we just rehearse. We call ourselves the Clash but we're not good enough.' Johnny said, 'Wait till you see us—we stink, we're lousy, we can't play. Just get out there and do it.'"[92] Another band whose members saw the Ramones perform, The Damned, played their first show two days later. The Ramones' two July 1976 shows, like their debut album, are seen as having a significant impact on the style of many of the newly formed British punk acts—as one observer put it, "instantly nearly every band speeded up".[93]
Ramones concerts and recordings influenced many musicians central to the development of California punk as well, including Greg Ginn of Black Flag,[94] Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys,[95] Mike Ness of Social Distortion,[96] Brett Gurewitz of Bad Religion,[97] and members of the Descendents.[98] Canada's first major punk scenes—in Toronto and in British Columbia's Victoria and Vancouver—were also heavily influenced by the Ramones.[31][99] In the late 1970s, many bands emerged with musical styles deeply indebted to the band's. There were The Lurkers from England,[100] The Undertones from Ireland,[101] Teenage Head from Canada,[102] and The Zeros[103] and The Dickies[104] from southern California. The seminal hardcore band Bad Brains took its name from a Ramones song.[105] Later punk bands such as Screeching Weasel, The Vindictives, The Queers, The Mr. T Experience, Boris the Sprinkler, Beatnik Termites, and Jon Cougar Concentration Camp have recorded cover versions of entire Ramones albums—Ramones,[106] Leave Home,[107] Rocket to Russia,[108] Road to Ruin,[109] End of the Century, Pleasant Dreams,[110] and Too Tough to Die,[111] respectively. The Huntingtons' File Under Ramones consists of Ramones covers from across the band's history.[112] The Riverdales, made up of former members of Screeching Weasel, have emulated the sound of the Ramones throughout their career.[113]
The Ramones also influenced musicians associated with other genres, such as heavy metal. Metallica guitarist Kirk Hammett has described the importance of Johnny's rapid-fire guitar playing style to his own musical development.[114] Motörhead lead singer Lemmy, a friend of the Ramones since the late 1970s, mixed the band's "Go Home Ann" in 1985. The members of Motörhead later composed the song "R.A.M.O.N.E.S." as a tribute, and Lemmy performed at the final Ramones concert in 1996.[115] In the realm of alternative rock, the song "53rd and 3rd" lent its name to a British indie pop label cofounded by Stephen Pastel of the Scottish band The Pastels. Evan Dando of The Lemonheads,[116] Dave Grohl of Nirvana and Foo Fighters,[91] Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam[117] (who also inducted the band to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame) and The Strokes[118] are among the many alternative rock musicians who have credited the Ramones with inspiring them.[119]
The first Ramones tribute album featuring multiple artists was released in 1991: Gabba Gabba Hey: A Tribute to the Ramones includes tracks by such acts as The Flesh Eaters, L7, Mojo Nixon, and Bad Religion.[119] In 2001, Ramones Maniacs, a multi-artist cover of the entire Ramones Mania compilation album, included a guest appearance by Dee Dee Ramone.[120] We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones (2003) is the best known Ramones tribute album, with artists such as Green Day, Kiss, The Offspring, Red Hot Chili Peppers, U2, Metallica, and Rob Zombie (who also did the album cover artwork).[121] Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstrong named his son Joey in homage to Joey Ramone, and drummer Tré Cool named his daughter Ramona.[122]
Members
1974 rehearsals |
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1974 rehearsals |
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1974–1978 Ramones Leave Home Rocket to Russia |
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1978–1983 Road to Ruin End of the Century Pleasant Dreams Subterranean Jungle |
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1983–1987 Too Tough to Die Animal Boy Halfway to Sanity |
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1987 |
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1987–1989 Brain Drain |
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1989–1996 Mondo Bizarro Acid Eaters ¡Adios Amigos! |
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- Dee Dee Ramone (Douglas Colvin) – bass guitar, vocals (1974–1989)[15]
- Johnny Ramone (John Cummings) – guitar (1974–1996)[15]
- Joey Ramone (Jeffry Hyman) – drums (1974), lead vocals (1974–1996)[15]
- Tommy Ramone (Thomas Erdelyi) – drums (1974–1978)[15]
- Marky Ramone (Marc Bell) – drums (1978–1983, 1987–1996)[15]
- Richie Ramone (Richard Reinhardt) – drums, vocals (1983–1987)[15]
- Elvis Ramone (Clem Burke) – drums (1987)[57]
- C. J. Ramone (Christopher Joseph Ward) – bass guitar, vocals (1989–1996)[15]
Discography
- Studio albums
- Ramones (1976)
- Leave Home (1977)
- Rocket to Russia (1977)
- Road to Ruin (1978)
- End of the Century (1980)
- Pleasant Dreams (1981)
- Subterranean Jungle (1983)
- Too Tough to Die (1984)
- Animal Boy (1986)
- Halfway to Sanity (1987)
- Brain Drain (1989)
- Mondo Bizarro (1992)
- Acid Eaters (1993)
- ¡Adios Amigos! (1995)
See also
References
Sources
- Bayles, Martha (1996). Hole in Our Soul: The Loss of Beauty and Meaning in American Popular Music, University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226039595
- Beeber, Steven Lee (2006). The Heebie-Jeebies at CBGB's: A Secret History of Jewish Punk, Chicago Review Press. ISBN 155652613X
- Bessman, Jim (1993). Ramones: An American Band, St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312093691
- Colegrave, Stephen, and Chris Sullivan (2005). Punk: The Definitive Record of a Revolution, Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1560257695
- Edelstein, Andrew J., and Kevin McDonough (1990). The Seventies: From Hot Pants to Hot Tubs, Dutton. ISBN 0525485724
- Isler, Scott, and Ira A. Robbins (1991). "Ramones", in Trouser Press Record Guide (4th ed.), ed. Ira A. Robbins, pp. 532–534, Collier. ISBN 0020363613
- Keithley, Joe (2004). I, Shithead: A Life in Punk, Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 1551521482
- Leigh, Mickey, and Legs McNeil (2009). I Slept With Joey Ramone: A Family Memoir, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743252160
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- Melnick, Monte A., and Frank Meyer (2003). On The Road with the Ramones, Sanctuary. ISBN 1860745148
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- Ramone, Dee Dee, and Veronica Kofman (2000). Lobotomy: Surviving the Ramones, Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1560252529
- Roach, Martin (2003). The Strokes: The First Biography of the Strokes, Omnibus Press. ISBN 0711996016
- Robb, John (2006). Punk Rock: An Oral History, Elbury Press. ISBN 0091905117
- Sandford, Christopher (2006). McCartney, Century. ISBN 1844136027
- Savage, Jon (1992). England's Dreaming: Anarchy, Sex Pistols, Punk Rock, and Beyond, St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312087748
- Schinder, Scott, with Andy Schwartz (2007). Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever, Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313338477
- Spicer, Al (2003). "The Lurkers", in The Rough Guide to Rock (3d ed.), ed. Peter Buckley, p. 349, Rough Guides. ISBN 1843531054
- Spitz, Mark, and Brendan Mullen (2001). We Got the Neutron Bomb: The Untold Story of L.A. Punk, Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0609807749
- Stim, Richard (2006). Music Law: How to Run Your Band's Business, Nolo. ISBN 1413305172
- Strongman, Phil (2008). Pretty Vacant: A History of UK Punk, Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1556527527
Notes
- ^ a b c "The Ramones". MTV. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Ramones". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum. September 15, 2004 (last update). Retrieved 5 November 2009.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ a b Schinder (2007), pp. 559–560.
- ^ a b c Powers, Ann (April 17, 2001). "Joey Ramone, Raw-Voiced Pioneer of Punk Rock, Dies at 49". New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ a b Pareles, Jon (June 7, 2002). "Dee Dee Ramone, Pioneer Punk Rocker, Dies at 50". New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ a b c Sisario, Ben (September 16, 2004). "Johnny Ramone, Signal Guitarist for the Ramones, Dies at 55". New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ Schinder (2007), p. 556; Prato, Greg. "Ramones Mania Vol. 2". Allmusic. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock". VH1. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "50 Greatest Bands Of All Time". Spin. February 2002. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (March 19, 2002). "Vedder Rambles, Green Day Scramble As Ramones Enter Hall". VH1. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ a b c d Sterndan, Darryl (2011-02-13). "Ramones Honoured with Lifetime Achievement Grammy". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
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(help) - ^ a b c "Ramone Family Acceptance At Special Merit Awards Ceremony".
- ^ Laitio-Ramone, Jari-Pekka (1997). "Tangerine Puppets (Interview with Richard Adler)". Jari-Pekka Laitio-Ramonen Henkilökohtainen Kotisivutuotos. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "End of the Century:The Ramones". Independent Lens. PBS. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ Enright, Michael (20 April 2001). "Pal Joey". Time. Time Warner. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ McNeil and McCain (1996), pp. 181, 496.
- ^ a b Melnick and Meyer (2003), p. 32.
- ^ Sandford (2006), p. 11.
- ^ a b c "Interview with Marky Ramone". PunkBands.com. November 30, 1999. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ Melnick and Meyer (2003), p. 33.
- ^ "End of the Century: The Ramones". PBS. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ a b Bessman (1993), p. 211.
- ^ a b Strongman (2008), p. 62.
- ^ Savage (1992), pp. 130, 156.
- ^ Quoted in Strongman (2008), p. 61.
- ^ Schnider (2007), pp. 543–44.
- ^ Bessman (1993), pp. 48, 50; Miles, Scott, and Morgan (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Ramone and Kofman (2000), p. 77.
- ^ "Linda Stein, 62, Manager/Real Estate Broker: Pioneer of Punk Music Killed in N.Y. Apartment". Variety. November 1, 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ a b Worth, Liz (June 2007). "A Canadian Punk Revival". Exclaim. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Jones, Chris (January 24, 2008). "The Ramones Leave Home". BBC. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "Charts & Awards Rocket to Russia". Allmusic. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ Marsh, Dave (15 December 1977). "Album Reviews: Ramones: Rocket to Russia". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Stim (2006), p. 221.
- ^ "Cast and Crew: Marky Ramone". IFC.com. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Biography Markey Ramone". Allmusic. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ Boldman, Gina. "I Wanna Be Sedated". Allmusic. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Morgan, Jeffrey (4 February 2004). "John Holmstrom: Floating in a bottle of formaldehyde". Metro Times. Times-Shamrock Communications. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Harlow, John (March 18, 2007). "Spector Calls Ex-Wife for Murder Defence". Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Leigh and McNeil (2009), p. 201.
- ^ a b Devenish, Colin (June 24, 2002). "Johnny Ramone Stays Tough: Ramones Guitarist Reflects on Dee Dee's Death and the Difficult Eighties". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Joey Ramone Obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 17 April 2001. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ "Charts & Awards Pleasant Dreams". Allmusic. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Overview Subterranean Jungle". Allmusic. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ Gaines, Donna (2007). A Misfit's Manifesto: the Sociological Memoir of a Rock & Roll Heart. Rutgers University Press. p. 198. ISBN 0813540542. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Charts & Awards Subterranean Jungle". Allmusic. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ "Chart History—The Ramones". Billboard. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ Bessman (1993), p. 127.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Too Tough to Die Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ^ Corn, David (April 23, 2001). "R.I.P. Joey Ramone, Singing Protester". Albion Monitor. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ Wyman, Bill (April 15, 2001). "Joey Ramone, R.I.P." Salon.com. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ Jaffee, Larry (November/December 1985). "Disc Spells Hit Time for Bonzo". Mother Jones. p. 10.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Animal Boy Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Fricke, David (July 17, 1986). "The Ramones: Animal Boy". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Quoted in Bessman (1993), p. 136.
- ^ a b c d From the film End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones
- ^ a b D'Angelo, Joe, and Gideon Yago (June 6, 2002). "Dee Dee Ramone Found Dead In Los Angeles". MTV News. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Overview Mondo Bizarro". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Overview Acid Eaters". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "The Simpsons "Rosebud"". BBC. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
- ^ Newman, Melinda (27 May 1995). "Looks Like 'Adios Amigos' For Ramones". Billboard. p. 12. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Overview ¡Adios Amigos!". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Chart History ¡Adios Amigos!". Billboard. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Beowülf, David Lee. "Intruder Alert! Intruder Alert! Marky Ramone". Ink 19. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Schinder (2007), p. 560.
- ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (November 29, 2003). "Hey Ho, Let's Go Downtown to Joey Ramone Place". New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ "Ramones Museum". Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "Inductees". Long Island Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "DVD Set To Be Released Featuring over 4 Hours of the Ramones Live at Work". Side-line.com. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Bessman (1993), pp. 18, 82.
- ^ Leland, John (April 22, 2001). "Tribute: A Star of Anti-Charisma, Joey Ramone Made Geeks Chic". New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ a b Beeber (2006), p. 121.
- ^ Melnick and Meyer (2003).
- ^ St. Thomas, Maggie (December 3, 2001). "The Ramones Confidentials—Part III (Interview with C.J. Ramone)". Livewire. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Leigh and McNeil (2009), pp. 343–44.
- ^ Bessman (1993), pp. 17, 18; Morris, Chris (April 29, 2001). "Joey Ramone, Punk's First Icon, Dies". Billboard. Retrieved 5 November 2009. "The Musical Misfits". BBC. April 16, 2001. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Edelstein and McDonough (1990), p. 178.
- ^ a b c Isler and Robbins (1991), p. 532.
- ^ "Ramones Discography LPs". punk77.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2009. "End of the Century: The Ramones". PBS. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Holmstrom, John (December 2004). "Happy Family Interviews". RamonesMania.com. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Fricke, David (1999). Hey Ho Let's Go!: The Anthology liner notes. Rhino Entertainment, R2 75817.
- ^ a b Colegrave and Sullivan (2001), p. 67.
- ^ McNeil and McCain (1996), p. 211.
- ^ a b Bessman (1993), p. 40.
- ^ Vega, Arturo. "My Ramones World". RamonesWorld.com. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Savage (1992), p. 553.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Ramones: Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Wolk, Douglas (April 18, 2001). "I Wanna Be Joey". Slate. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Quoted in Strongman (2008), p. 111.
- ^ a b Grohl, Dave (December 1981). "Punk Fiction". Foo Archive/Radio 1. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Colegrave and Sullivan (2005), p. 234.
- ^ Robb (2006), p. 198. See also p. 201 for a similar report.
- ^ Sinclair, Mick (December 1981). "Black Flag". Sounds. Mick Sinclair Archives. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Bayles (1996), p. 314.
- ^ Appleford, Steve (October 6, 2005). "Mike Ness". LA CityBeat. Retrieved 5 November 2009.[dead link] [dead link]
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- ^ "Descendents F.A.Q." DescendentsOnline.com [official band site]. Retrieved 5 November 2009. Rashidi, Waleed (2002). "Descendents". Mean Street. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Keithley (2004), pp. 30, 63; Mercer, Laurie. "Tom Holliston Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Spicer (2003), p. 349.
- ^ McNett, Gavin. "Teenage Kicks". Salon. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Rockingham, Graham (April 22, 2008). "Teenage Head: Still Some Kinda Fun". Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ Spitz and Mullen (2001), p. 82.
- ^ Strongman (2008), p. 213.
- ^ Barry, John (October 15, 2008). "I Against I". Baltimore City Paper. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "Discography — Screeching Weasel". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ DaRonco, Mike. "Overview Leave Home". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Mason, Stewart. "Overview Rocket to Russia". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Discography—Mr. T Experience". Slipcue. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Overview Pleasant Dreams". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Overview Too Tough To Die". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Huey, Steve. "Overview File Under Ramones". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Spano, Charles. "Overview—The Riverdales". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Young, Charles M. (September 16, 2004). "Johnny's Last Stand". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Myers, Sarah L. (May 14, 2007). "The Head Cat: Lemmy interview". Thirsty. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
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- ^ Kerr, Dave. (2006). "Explore and not Explode". The Skinny. Retrieved September 3, 2007.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Roach (2003), pp. 60–63.
- ^ a b Henderson, Alex. "Overview Gabba Gabba Hey: A Tribute to the Ramones". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Greates number of god-awful band names. Spin magazine. : April, 2009. p. 63. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
{{cite book}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Torreano, Bradley. "Overview We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones". Allmusic. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Moss, Corey (April 17, 2001). "Peers Praise Joey Ramone, The Man And The Musician". MTV. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
External links
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