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Jean Michel Jarre
Jarre in Milan, 2008
Jarre in Milan, 2008
Background information
Born (1948-08-24) 24 August 1948 (age 75)
OriginLyon, France
GenresElectronic music, instrumental music, New Age, ambient, electronic rock
Occupation(s)Composer, musician, artist, producer
Instrument(s)Synthesizer, piano, organ, laser harp, accordion, guitar, bass guitar
Years active1969–present
LabelsDisques Dreyfus, Polydor/PolyGram, Epic/SME, Warner Bros., EMI
Websitewww.jeanmicheljarre.com

Jean Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948 in Lyon) is a French composer, performer and music producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic, ambient and New Age genres, and known as an organiser of outdoor spectacles of his music featuring lights, laser displays, and fireworks.

Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents, and trained on the piano. From an early age he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including those of street performers, jazz musicians, and the artist Pierre Soulages. He played guitar in a band, but his musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer, a pioneer of musique concrète at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales.

His first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxygène. Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 12 million copies. Oxygène was followed in 1978 by Équinoxe, and in 1979 Jarre performed to a record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the Place de la Concorde, a record he has since broken three times. More albums were to follow, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events, and he is now perhaps as well known as a performer as a musician.

Jarre has sold an estimated 80 million albums and singles.[1] He was the first Western musician to be allowed to perform in the People's Republic of China, and holds the world record for the largest-ever audience at an outdoor event.

Biography

Early life, influences, and education

Jean Michel Jarre was born on 24 August 1948 in Lyon, the son of composer Maurice Jarre and French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor France Pejot.[2][3][4] The two separated when Jarre was five years old; his father moved to the United States, while his mother remained in the suburbs of Paris to look after their son.[5] Jarre did not meet his father again until he was eighteen.[3] Jarre's Grandfather, André Jarre, was an oboe player, engineer and inventor, who also designed an early audio mixer used at Radio Lyon. He also gave Jean Michel his first record player.[6] For the first eight years of his life, Jarre spent six months of each year at his grandparent's flat along the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. Jarre has cited the street performers he watched from his window there as an influence on his art (traces of this can be found on his album Équinoxe, particularly "Équinoxe Part 8").[3][7]

Jarre struggled with his classical piano studies, although he later changed his teacher and began work on his scales.[8] A more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by the discovery at the Saint-Ouen flea market of a Boris Vian Trumpet Violin. He often accompanied his mother to Le Chat Qui Pêche (The Fishing Cat), a friend's Paris jazz club, where saxophonists Archie Shepp and John Coltrane, and trumpet players Don Cherry and Chet Baker were regular performers. Jarre cites these early experiences of Jazz as introducing him to the idea that music may be "descriptive, without lyrics".[3][9] He was also influenced by the work of French artist Pierre Soulages, whose exhibition at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris he attended. Soulages' paintings used multiple textured layers, and Jarre realised that "for the first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds."[3] He was also influenced by more traditional music; in a 2004 interview for The Guardian, he spoke of the effect that a performance of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring had upon him:

This is where Stravinsky created it in 1913, and it was a huge shock. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer Om Khalsoum. She is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard "Georgia on My Mind" by Ray Charles, and I realised that music can talk to your tummy. I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charles's music – there was no intellectual process and it was great.[10]

As a young man he funded his lifestyle by painting, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery – L'Œil écoute. He also played in a band called Mystère IV (Mystery 4). While he studied at the Lycée Michelet his mother arranged for him to take lessons in harmony, counterpoint and fugue with Jeannine Rueff of the Conservatoire de Paris.[8][9] In 1967 he played guitar in a band called The Dustbins. Jarre experimented by mixing several instruments, including the electric guitar and the flute, with tape effects and other sounds. The band appears in the film Des garçons et des filles.[3] In 1968 he began to experiment with tape loops, radios and other electronic devices. Joining the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM) in 1969,[8][11] then under the direction of Pierre Schaeffer, "father" of musique concrète, proved hugely influential.[12] Schaeffer's view was that "music isn't made of notes, it's made of sounds".[13] Jarre was introduced to the Moog modular synthesizer, and he spent time working at the studio of influential German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen in Cologne.[14][15][16]

"La Cage"
Jarre's 1969 release, "La Cage"
Problems playing this file? See media help.

In the kitchen of his flat on Rue de la Trémoille, near the Champs-Élysées in Paris, he set up a small recording studio, which included EMS VCS 3 and EMS Synthi AKS synthesisers, and two linked Revox tape machines. For a 1969 exposition at the Maison de la Culture (Cultural House) in Reims Jarre wrote the five-minute song "Happiness Is a Sad Song", but his first commercial release came in 1969 with La Cage/Erosmachine, a mixture of harmony, tape effects and synthesisers.[17]

1970s

In 1971 he was commissioned by choreographer Norbert Schmucki to perform a ballet at the Palais Garnier, named AOR (in Hebrew, "light").[18][19] Jarre also composed music for ballet, theatre, advertisements and television programs,[8] as well as music and lyrics for artists like Patrick Juvet and Christophe.[3] He composed the soundtrack for Les Granges Brûlées[20] and in 1972 wrote music for the International Festival of Magic.[21] That year he released his first solo album, Deserted Palace,[17] and from 1973–74 wrote music for Françoise Hardy and Gérard Lenorman. He also directed Christophe's Olympia show.[21]

Jarre first achieved international stardom with his 1976 solo album, Oxygène. It comprises six numbered synthesiser tracks that make strong use of melody, rather than rhythm or dissonance. Recorded at his home studio on a Scully eight-track recorder, on a small budget, Oxygène was composed with such instruments as the Eminent 310 (with an Electro-Harmonix Small Stone phaser on its string pads), the Korg Minipops drum machine, and liberal use of echo on the various sound effects generated by the VCS3 synthesiser.[12][13]

"Oxygène IV"
Possibly the most recognised composition by Jarre is "Oxygène IV"

Oxygène initially proved difficult to sell. Jarre was turned down by several record companies until a fellow student of Schaeffer, Hélène Dreyfus (at the time her husband Francis's artistic director), persuaded her husband to publish the album on his label, Disques Motors.[3] The first pressing of 50,000 copies was promoted through hi-fi shops, clubs and discos,[13][22] and by April 1977 the album had sold 70,000 copies in France. When interviewed in Billboard magazine Dreyfus's director Stanislas Witold said "In a sense we're putting most of our bets on Jean Michel Jarre. He is quite exceptional and we're sure that by 1980 he will be recognised worldwide."[23] Oxygène has since sold an estimated 12 million copies, and is the best-selling French record of all time.[8] It reached number 2 in the UK, number 65 in Canada and broke the top 100 in the US. It also contains his most recognisable single, "Oxygène IV", which reached number 4 in the UK single charts.[15][24][12][25]

The ARP 2600, used extensively on Equinoxe and other albums by Jarre

Jarre's follow-up album, Équinoxe, was released in 1978. It was composed with sequencers, particularly on the bass, and features a more baroque and classical style than Oxygène, with more emphasis on melodic development.[26] Although not as commercially successful as Oxygène its release was followed in 1979 by a large open-air concert at the Place de la Concorde, on Bastille Day.[3][25] The free outdoor event set a new world record for the largest number of spectators ever at an open-air concert, and drew more than 1 million spectators. It was also watched by a television audience of over 100 million.[8][27][28] The event's success was not fully anticipated; the crowds were so large that Jarre's wife, Charlotte Rampling, found it difficult to access the venue. Although it was not the first time that Jarre had performed in concert (he had already played at the Paris Opera Ballet), the 40 minute-long event, which used projections of light, images and fireworks, served as a blueprint for Jarre's future concerts.[3][8] The event helped to boost his popularity, as between 14 July and 31 August 1979 he sold a further 800,000 records.[29] It also served as Jarre's introduction to Francis Rimbert – brought together by Michel Geiss, Jarre used Rimbert's sythesizer setup for the performance. Today Rimbert works for Jarre on a full-time basis.[30]

1980s

By the time that Magnetic Fields (French version: Les Chants Magnétiques)[31] was released on 20 May 1981, Oxygène and Équinoxe had achieved global sales of about 6 million units; in its first two months Magnetic Fields sold a reported 200,000 units in France alone.[32] The sounds used are primarily those of the Fairlight CMI, which gave Jarre the chance to continue his earlier sonic experimentation, using digital technology to make the collection and processing of sounds much easier. Jarre and Peter Gabriel were among the first artists to take delivery of the Fairlight platform and make heavy use of it.[33]

The album's release coincided with Jarre's first foreign tour. In 1981 the British Embassy in Beijing gave Radio Beijing[34] copies of Oxygène and Équinoxe, which became the first pieces of foreign music to be played on Chinese national radio in decades. Jarre was then invited by the republic to perform The Concerts in China, the first western musician to perform a concert there. The performances were scheduled to run from 18 October to 5 November 1981.[32] The first, in Beijing, was at first attended mostly by officials. Before the concert began technicians realised that not enough power was available to supply the stage and auditorium, and so Chinese officials solved the problem by cutting power to the surrounding districts, for the duration of the performance.[35]

The stadium was almost full when the concert started, but nearly half the audience left before the end, as Beijing's buses stopped running at about 10 o'clock.[36] To boost the audience attendance for the second night, Jarre and his production team purchased some of the concert tickets and gave them to children on the streets (Jarre originally intended for the concerts to be free, but the Chinese authorities charged between £0.20 and £0.50 per ticket).[35] The concert was notable for the lack of audience involvement during the performance; the Chinese were apparently nonplussed by both the music and the light show, and applause was muted. The second venue in Shanghai was a different matter – Jarre actively encouraged audience participation by stepping into the crowd, which became much more exuberant than that in Beijing.[3] The concerts were released as a double-disc LP in 1982,[25] and featured the Laser harp, one of Jarre's signature electronic instruments.[37]

On 5 July 1983 Jarre auctioned the only existing vinyl print of his newest album, Music For Supermarkets (French version: Musique pour Supermarché),[14] created for a planned performance at the "Supermarché" art exhibition. Jarre allowed Radio Luxembourg to broadcast the album, uninterrupted, in its entirety, before selling it at auction, at the Hôtel Drouot in Paris. The sale raised about 70,000 francs, and Jarre promised to burn the original tapes in the presence of a bailiff.[38]

"Zoolook"
"Zoolook" also demonstrates heavy use of the Fairlight CMI

Despite their destruction, much of the music on these tapes was reworked into his 1984 album Zoolook.[39] It combines analogue synthesis with ethnic and vocal music, and makes heavy use of the sampling capabilities of the Fairlight CMI. Zoolook also features samples of words and speech in different languages from around the globe, creating a diverse range of sounds and effects.[3] Laurie Anderson provided the vocals for the track "Diva". With its rock music underpinnings, Zoolook resides amongst a handful of pop and rock albums that make intensive and sometimes exhaustive use of the Fairlight synthesiser. A long list of musicians, including Adrian Belew and Marcus Miller, also made significant contributions.[40] The album was somewhat less successful than Jarre's previous works, reaching only number 47 in the UK album charts.[25]

I've always been involved in ethnic music, though I thought the way a lot of people have been using ethnic music was a little superficial. Sometimes it works, like the Brian Eno stuff, it worked the first time, but for me what was more interesting was not making a particular statement about recording in Africa or in China, but taking some sounds and having exactly the same attitude as when you were in front of a Moog 55 or a modular system, replacing the oscillators with a bank of actors or people, treating them through the Fairlight or the EMS synth, and establishing an orchestration using only voices.[41]

"Third Rendez-Vous"
Third Rendez-Vous, normally performed in concert on the laser harp

In 1985 Jarre was invited by the musical director of the Houston Grand Opera in Texas to perform a concert to celebrate the city and state's 150th anniversary. Although he was busy with other projects and was initially unimpressed by the proposal, he later visited the city. He was immediately impressed by the visual grandeur of the city's skyline, and agreed to perform. That year also marked the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center,[27] and Jarre was contacted by NASA to integrate the anniversary into the concert.[3]

The creation of Rendez-Vous took place over a period of two months, and as with Zoolook, contains elements of his 1983 album Musique pour Supermarché.[33] The three movements of the score represent Houston's development from a rural economy, to its role as a leader in space technology.[27] Baroque in style, the album uses a mixture of French horns, trombones and violins, and features heavy use of the Elka Synthex, notably so on "Third Rendez-Vous", a track Jarre often performs using a laser harp.[33] Jarre worked with several Houston-based astronauts including Bruce McCandless II, and former Jazz musician Ronald McNair, who was to have played the saxophone on "Rendez-Vous VI", recorded in the weightless environment of space. McNair was to have performed at the concert over a live link, but was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on 28 January 1986. Immediately following the accident consideration was given to the cancellation of the concert, but Jarre was contacted by McCandless and urged to proceed, and to mark the event as a tribute to the crew of the Shuttle mission. Following the Challenger disaster, the piece was recorded by Kirk Whalum and retitled "Ron's Piece".[3]

I remember just before take-off, Ron calling me in Paris saying "Everything's ready, see you in a week's time, watch me on television for the take-off" ... I will really, keep always, the bit of Ron's smile and Ron's face in my heart.[3]

Rendez-vous Houston, 5 April 1986

About 2,000 projectors displaying images onto buildings and giant screens up to 1,200 feet (370 m) high transformed the city's skyscrapers into spectacular backdrops, accompanied by an elaborate display of fireworks and lasers.[27] Rendez-vous Houston entered the Guinness Book of Records for its audience of over 1.5 million people, beating his earlier record in 1979. The concert featured large projections of photographic images and laser patterns onto the buildings of downtown Houston. The display was so impressive that passing vehicles blocked a nearby freeway, closing it for the duration of the concert.[42] "Ron's Piece" was performed by Kirk Whalum.[43]

Several months later about one million people[44] watched him perform for a celebration of Pope John Paul II's visit to Jarre's home city of Lyon. The pope, viewing from Lyon Cathedral, began the concert with a good-night blessing (a recording of which appears on the album Cities In Concert — Houston/Lyon).[3]

In 1988 Jarre released his ninth studio album, Revolutions. The album spans several genres, including symphonic industrial, Arabian inspired, light guitar pop and ethnic electro jazz. A two hour concert, titled Destination Docklands, was planned for 24 September 1988 at the Royal Victoria Dock in east London.[45] The location, close to the heart of London, was chosen in part for its desolate environment, but also because Jarre thought the architecture and environment would be ideally suited to his music. Plans to stage the concert began early in 1988, with Jarre meeting local officials and members of the community. The floating stage on which Jarre and his musicians would perform was built on top of four large barges. Large purpose-built display screens were constructed from scaffolding, and one of the buildings to be used in the backdrop was painted white. Local children practised the choral elements of the performance. During the transportation of several large mirror balls commissioned for the event, one came loose and fell onto the roadside. On the same night a satellite (containing radioactive material) was due to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere. The sighting of the mirror ball led to a degree of confusion as some people mistook it for the falling satellite. World War II searchlights were to illuminate the sky and surrounding architecture, along with thousands of coloured fireworks.[46]

A firework display, during one of the two Destination Docklands concerts

Newham Borough Council, which ran the docks, expressed their fears about the safety of the event, and delayed their decision on whether to allow the concert to proceed until 12 September[45] before eventually refusing the licence application. The local fire service were also concerned that in the event of a fire, they would be unable to gain access. Work continued on the site, and Jarre's team looked at other locations around the UK, but following improvements to both on and off-site safety Jarre eventually won conditional approval on 28 September to stage two separate performances from 8–9 October.[46][47]

Along with thousands in the surrounding streets and parks, 200,000 people watched Jarre perform with guests such as guitarist Hank Marvin. The performances were not without issues; inclement weather had threatened to break the stage from its moorings, and although the original plan was to have Jarre float across the Royal Victoria Dock on the first evening, winds of over 30 knots meant that it was deemed unsafe – the winds were so strong that television cameras were blown over. The audience, which included Diana, Princess of Wales,[44] was on the second evening soaked by rain and wind.[46]

1990s

In 1990 Jarre released Waiting for Cousteau (French version: En Attendant Cousteau), which was inspired by the French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau.[44] On Bastille Day 1990 he performed a concert at La Défense in Paris, attended by a record-breaking audience of about two million people – once more, beating his earlier world records.[48] He later promoted a concert near the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico, to be held during the solar eclipse of 11 July 1991, but the project stalled. Several weeks before the scheduled performance, important equipment had not arrived and the sinking in the Atlantic Ocean of a cargo ship containing the purpose-built pyramidal stage and other technical equipment made the staging of the concert impossible. Jarre's disappointment was such that he "could not cope with Mexican food for two years".[3]

"Chronologie Part 4"
The opening few moments of "Chronologie Part 4"

In 1993 Jarre released his first work to be largely influenced by the techno-music scene that had been developing since about 1989. Entitled Chronologie, the album was, from a technical standpoint, a revision to a concept employed by Jarre in his Oxygène/Équinoxe period, where a grandiose overture provides the emotional feel and sonic timbre for the rest of the following, more rhythmic pieces.[49]

Along with Jarre's traditional collection of instruments, such as the ARP 2600 and Minimoog, Jarre used newer state-of-the-art equipment such as the Roland JD-800 and the Kurzweil K2000.[50] This album features sampled clocks and contemporary rhythms, driving the tempo. Its release was followed by Jarre's first large scale tour.

In the state of mind I did Chronologie, it's quite close to what I did for Oxygène, using a lot of the old synthesizers of the 70s, like the Moog synthesizer – which I consider to be the Stradivarius of electronic music, mixed with the digital sound and the beat of the dance scene of the 90s. In a sense, Chronologie is a kind of mixture between the sounds of the 70s and the sounds of the 90s.[49]

Brussels concert (1993)

A series of 16 performances across Europe, Europe In Concert occurred on a smaller scale than his previous concerts. Chronologie was central to the tour's repertoire. The set featured a miniature skyline, laser imaging, and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, Manchester, Barcelona, Sevilla and the Versailles Palace near Paris.[51] Jarre performed in Hong Kong on 11 March 1994, to mark the opening of the city's new stadium, as a continuation of the tour. The sold-out event included a range of entertainers, including bikini-clad Brazilians.[52]

Jarre performed at the Concert for Tolerance on Bastille Day in 1995 (he had in 1993 accepted the offer to become a Goodwill Ambassador of Tolerance and Youth for UNESCO[5]). In front of the Eiffel Tower he celebrated the 50th anniversary of the United Nations, performing many of his most well-known hits. The tower was specially lit for the occasion, prompting the installation of a more permanent display.[53] The following December he created a website called "A Space for Tolerance". The site featured music from En Attendant Cousteau, played while the user browsed a variety of "visual worlds".[54] Also in 1995, Jarre released the remix album Jarremix.

After years of experimenting with new technology, with Oxygène 7–13 he returned to the analogue synthesisers of the 1970s. The album was released in 1997, more than 20 years after Oxygène,[55] and was dedicated to his mentor at the GRM, Pierre Schaeffer, who had died in 1995.[56] Eschewing the digital techniques developed in the 1980s, in an interview for The Daily Telegraph he said:

The excitement of being able to work on sounds in a tactile, manual, almost sensual way is what drew me to electronic music in the first place ... The lack of limitations is very dangerous. It is like the difference for a painter of getting four tubes with four main colours or being in front of a computer with two million colours. You have to scan the two million colours and when you arrive to the last one you have obviously forgotten the first one. In the Eighties we became archivists and everything became rather cold as a result.[55]

On 6 September that year the Moscow State University became the backdrop for a spectacular display of image projections, skytrackers and fireworks. The event, celebrating the 850th anniversary of Moscow, was viewed by an audience of about 3.5 million,[57][58] his fourth record for the largest ever outdoor concert audience. The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, had taken place on the same day, and the composer dedicated "Souvenir of China" to her memory, followed by a well-observed minute's silence.[59]

In July 1998 he became the first artist spokesman for the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. He rallied hundreds of musicians in a petition to the European Parliament over the proposed European Union Copyright Directive. He was succeeded in the post by The Corrs, in July 2000.[60] On 31 December 1999 Jarre held a three-hour music and light show in the Egyptian desert near Giza. The Twelve Dreams of the Sun celebrated the new millennium and offered a preview of his next album, Métamorphoses. Beginning on New Year's Eve, the show featured performances from more than 1,000 local artists and musicians, and was based on ancient Egyptian mythology about the journey of the sun and its effect upon humanity. Addressing the audience, Jarre said "I hope the new millennium will witness international understanding".[61] Jarre's anthemic work melded electronic music with Western jazz and Arabic rhythms and melodies, and was accompanied by lasers projected onto the backdrop of the pyramids and the Sahara Desert.[61]

2000s

Jarre released Métamorphoses, his first vocal album, in 2000. The entire album was mixed on an early version of Pro Tools, a digital audio workstation designed to record, edit and play back digital audio.[11] The compositions and their arrangement on this techno-based album co-produced with Joachim Garraud marked a departure from Jarre's previous style. Sound effects used include radio interference from mobile phones (used on the track "Tout est Bleu"), and Macintalk, a Macintosh program used to generate lyrics on the track "Love, Love, Love". Laurie Anderson makes her second guest appearance in the Jarre discography (her first was on Zoolook on the track "Diva"). Other contributors include Natacha Atlas and Sharon Corr.[21]

Looking back, I enjoyed the album, [Oxygène 7–13] but after I finished it I knew that I had to make a fresh start. I had to go somewhere completely different. Metamorphoses is like a blank page for me, a new beginning.[11]

On 1 January 2001 Jarre and Tetsuya "TK" Komuro performed exclusive new material in Okinawa. Rendez-vous in Space was a tribute to the science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, a close friend of Jarre’s. Jarre used recordings of Clarke (filmed before the concert) to introduce each piece of music. The opening sequence of the concert was based on the theme from the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.[62] Later that year, Jarre gave a charity concert for the Elpida Foundation at the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.[63]

In 2001 he composed Interior Music, a demonstration piece for Bang and Olufsen. The album has not had a commercial release. On 6 September 2002 Jarre performed a concert at a windfarm near Gammel Vrå Enge, outside Aalborg in Denmark. A rain-soaked audience of between 35–40,000 watched him perform in front of a windfarm illuminated by lights and fireworks.[64] The event was beset with problems, caused mainly by the 22mm of rain that fell on the venue – the organisers had anticipated only 4mm. Some fans reported a wait of six hours to leave the site, and one fan reported that a bus had blocked traffic when it slid into a ditch, and also that many ticket-holders were not allowed into the arena because thousands of gatecrashers had broken through a fence. The concert was however generally viewed as a success.[65]

Jarre playing the laser harp in Helsinki

The event marked a change in direction in Jarre's live concerts; from Rendez-vous Houston onwards he had been accompanied by a full complement of live musicians, however the concert in Aalborg demonstrated a marked reduction in the number of musicians on stage; Jarre was accompanied only by the Klarup Girls Choir, Francis Rimbert, Safri Duo, and the Aalborg Symphonic Orchestra.[64] 2002 also saw the release of Sessions 2000, a set of more experimental synth-jazz pieces that were stylistically distinct from anything Jarre had previously released. The album was reviewed positively by Billboard Magazine, which wrote "He's [Jarre] created a deeply nuanced soundscape that invites repeated listening."[66]

In 2003, Jarre released Geometry of Love. The album was commissioned by Jean Roch, as a soundtrack for his 'V.I.P. Room' nightclub in France, and contains a mix of 'electro-chill' music, with touches of his more traditional style.[67] The following year, on 10 October, he returned to China for two performances, one in the Forbidden City at the Meridian Gate, followed immediately by a smaller concert in Tiananmen Square. Both were designed to open China’s "Year of France" cultural exchange. The concert was transmitted live across the country, and was also watched on large television screens at shopping centres in Beijing. Jarre opened the concert with a collaboration with Chen Lin, who played an Erhu. Accompanying his traditional musical repertoire, 600 projectors shone coloured light and images across various screens and objects. More than 15,000 spectators watched the concert at the Meridian Gate.[68] A combined DVD/CD of these concerts, Jarre in China was released in 2004.

In September 2004, Jarre released AERO, both a DVD and a CD in one package. Purportedly the world's first album released for 5.1 systems, with it being fully "constructed" in 5.1 surround sound, it contains re-recorded versions of some of his most famous tracks, including tracks from Oxygène and Équinoxe. Accompanying the audio, the DVD features a visual image of Anne Parillaud's eyes, recorded in real time as she listened to the album.[10][69] Jarre used the minimalist imagery to reinforce the audio content of the DVD.[70] The CD was mixed in super-stereo.

In his role of UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Jarre performed a concert named Water for Life in Morocco, on 16 December 2006, to celebrate the year of desertification in the world.[71] The performance was in front of the Erg Chebbi Dunes of Merzouga, in the Sahara. A free event, it was attended by about 25,000 people. Images of water and the environment were projected onto nine vertical screens, held in place by sand which was watered to keep it hard. Several permanent drinking fountains were built on the site, along with a permanent electricity installation. Jarre was accompanied by over 60 Moroccan artists.[72]

Jarre released Téo & Téa on 26 March 2007.[73] He described the two computer-generated characters in the video clip of the title track as being "like twins", one female, one male. The album is supposed to describe the different stages of a loving relationship, and explores the idea that the length of such relationships is unpredictable. Its release demonstrated a move away from virtual instruments and computers that Jarre had been using up to that point; he instead chose to use a simplified range of devices, including several new prototype instruments. The album's cover was inspired by the David Lynch film Wild at Heart.[69]

Jean-Michel Jarre playing an AX-Synth during his IN>DOORS tour

In August 2007 Jarre signed for EMI France. He released an anniversary package containing a special live recording of his classic work, Oxygène, in 3D DVD, live CD and normal 2D DVD formats in November 2007, named Oxygène: New Master Recording. A first for Jarre, the album was recorded live, without tape or hard disk playback, with help from Francis Rimbert, Claude Samard, and Dominique Perrier. The album also contains three extra tracks not found on either the original or remake, which form links between the main movements. Jarre plans to integrate the original analog synthesizers from Oxygène into his next album, and is building a new private recording studio on the outskirts of Paris.[12] In the same year Disques Dreyfus released The Complete Oxygène, containing the original versions of Oxygène and Oxygène 7–13, and remixes of tracks from Oxygène 7–13.[74]

... there are several Eminent String Machines that make up one of the main Oxygene string sounds. Having four of us meant I had to multiply the number of instruments, and finding the equipment was quite a headache, especially as I tried, as much as I could, to avoid using instruments produced after Oxygène. There are one or two exceptions but 95 percent of the instruments are of that time. For me it was really important for the radicalism of the process.[12]

Jarre performed 10 concerts (Oxygène Live) in Paris, from 12–26 December 2007, held in the Théâtre Marigny, a small 1000-seat theatre in the Champs-Élysées. Later in 2008 Jarre performed several concerts to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Oxygène, in theatres in Europe. Following one such performance at the Royal Albert Hall Jarre met Brian May, who proposed he create a concert in Tenerife for the International Year of Astronomy,[75] but a lack of sponsorship meant that the concert did not take place.[76]

In 2009 he was selected as the artistic director of the World Sky Race,[77] and also accepted a role as Goodwill Ambassador for the International Year of Astronomy.[78] In 2009 he started an indoor tour in arenas throughout Europe.[79]

2010s

On 1 March 2010, Jean Michel Jarre started the second leg of his 2009–2010 indoors tour, and on 10 June he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Mojo magazine.[80]

On 30 May 2011, he released the double CD set Essentials & Rarities. The Essentials disc is a compilation of his most famous work. The Rarities disc includes tracks made before Oxygène.

On 1 July 2011, Jarre performed a large scale concert in Monaco to celebrate the marriage of Prince Albert and his bride Charlene.

Personal life

Jarre has been married three times. He was married to Flore Guillard from 20 January 1975 until 1977, their daughter Émilie Charlotte was born in 1975 (or 1976) and became a fashion model.[81][82] He met his second wife Charlotte Rampling at a dinner party in St Tropez in 1976.[82] Both were in failing marriages, but they each obtained a divorce (Rampling was married to New Zealander Bryan Southcombe).[83] The two married, Jarre gaining custody of his daughter Émilie Charlotte,[82] and Rampling her son Barnaby. Together they have a son, David. In 1995 photographs in Hello! showed Jarre apparently romantically involved with 31-year old secretary Odile Froument, and in 1996 Jarre and Rampling separated.[83][84] They divorced in 2002.[85] He had a brief relationship with Isabelle Adjani,[86] but married French actress Anne Parillaud in May 2005.[87] In November 2010 the couple announced their divorce.[88]

Jarre has a half-sister Stéphanie Jarre, from Maurice Jarre's other marriages.[24] His half-brother, Kevin Jarre, died in 2011.[89] Although Maurice and Jean-Michel remained estranged, following Maurice's death in 2009 Jarre paid tribute to his legacy.[90] Jarre said about his father:

My father and I never really achieved a real relationship. We probably saw each other 20 or 25 times in our lifetime. When you are able, at my age, to count the times you have seen your father, it says something... I think it's better to have conflict, or, if you have a parent who dies, you grieve, but the feeling of absence is very difficult to fill, and it took me a while to absorb that.[5]

Large concerts

Date Audience Place Event Note
July 14, 1979 1 million Place de la Concorde, FRA celebrating the Bastille Day 1st entry in the Guinness Book Of Records for largest outdoor concert crowd.[3][91]
April 5, 1986 1.5 million Houston, USA celebration of the 150th anniversary of Texas and Houston 2nd entry in the Guinness Book Of Records. [3][27][92]
October 5, 1986 0.8 million Lyon, FRA The visit of Pope John Paul II to Jarre's hometown of Lyon was celebrated by this event. /
October 8, 9th 1988 0.2 million (official) 1 million (unofficial) London, GBR Large outdoor concert titled "Destination Docklands" performed in London's docklands, noted for its planning difficulties and poor weather. /
July 14, 1990 2.5 million Paris la Defense, FRA celebration of the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution 3rd entry in the Guinness Book Of Records. [3][93][94]
July 14, 1995 1.25 million Eiffel Tower, FRA UNESCO's 50th birthday and UNESCO'S proclaimed year of tolerance /
September 6, 1997 3.5 million Moscow, RUS Jarre was invited for a concert celebrating the 850th birthday of Moscow 4th entry in the Guinness Book Of Records (equaled with R. Stewart's 1994 Copacabana concert).
July 14, 1998 0.6 million Eiffel Tower, FRA Bastille Day /

Awards and recognition

An asteroid, 4422 Jarre, has been named in his honour.[106] He is honorary citizen of Gdansk.[107] He is the second honorary member of the HHS.

Discography

Main article: Jean Michel Jarre discography

Jarre has sold an estimated 80 million albums and singles,[1] the first of which was the 1969 single "La Cage / Erosmachine". His first solo album, Deserted Palace, was released in 1972, but it was the success of his 1976 album, Oxygène, that catapulted him to international stardom.[12][13] Until 2000 Jarre's output was entirely instrumental, but that year he released Métamorphoses, his first vocal album.[11]

Studio albums

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b Dreyfus Records – News – The Jean Michel Jarre Collection, dreyfusrecords.com, 2004-02-17, retrieved 2009-05-26
  2. ^ Sleeman, Taylor & Francis 2003, p. 809.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Making the Steamroller Fly, Image Entertainment, 2003-11-04 {{citation}}: |format= requires |url= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Steamroller" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ Jarre, Jean-Michel, End of First Week, retrieved 2010-03-10
  5. ^ a b c d Stuart, Julia (2004-08-23), Jean Michel Jarre: Smooth operator, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-03-15
  6. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 13
  7. ^ Remilleux 1988, p. 12
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hughes & Reader 2003, p. 303
  9. ^ a b Remilleux 1998, p. 16
  10. ^ a b Hodgkinson, Will (2004-09-17), Sensual Healing, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-20
  11. ^ a b c d Scott, Danny (2001-08-17), Jean Michel Jarre – the Godfather speaks, jarreuk.info & Future Music, retrieved 2009-06-23 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f Flint, Tom (2008-02), Jean Michel Jarre — 30 Years Of Oxygene, soundonsound.com, retrieved 2009-05-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ a b c d Green, Thomas H. (2008-03-27), Oxygène: ba-boo-boo beew, telegraph.co.uk, retrieved 2009-03-14
  14. ^ a b Brown, Jonathan (2008-02-18), Jean Michel Jarre: Toujours Jarre, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-05-28
  15. ^ a b Snider 2008, p. 257
  16. ^ Bos, Christian (2007-11-28), "Synthesizer sind etwas Sinnliches" — Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger (in German), ksta.de, retrieved 2009-05-28
  17. ^ a b Remilleux 1988, p. 27
  18. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 17
  19. ^ Bourges – 2002, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 2009-06-22
  20. ^ Remilleux, p. 18
  21. ^ a b c Profile, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 2009-06-22
  22. ^ Hennessey 1978, p. 7
  23. ^ Kahn & Way 1977, p. 36
  24. ^ a b Jenkins 2007, p. 159
  25. ^ a b c d Warwick, Brown & Kutner 2004, pp. 558–559
  26. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (2006-11-17), Jarre, Jean-Michel – Equinoxe (Registration required), Oxford Music Online, retrieved 2009-05-30
  27. ^ a b c d e August, Marilyn (1986-04-18), Frenchman turns Houston into giant stage, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, p. 29, retrieved 2009-05-28 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 57
  29. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 48
  30. ^ Francis Rimbert – Biography, Intro, etc, francisrimbert.com, 2004, retrieved 2009-06-23
  31. ^ Magnetic Fields — the French title is a pun — the literal translation of Magnetic Fields being "Champs Magnetiques". The alternative "Chants" means "songs"
  32. ^ a b Way, Michael (1981-07-11), Jarre off to China to Map Autumn Tour, Billboard Magazine, p. 59, retrieved 2009-06-23 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. ^ a b c Remilleux 1998, p. 35
  34. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 68
  35. ^ a b Remilleux 1998, pp. 74–75
  36. ^ China Is Exposed To Laser Rock, nytimes.com, 1981-10-22, retrieved 2009-06-22
  37. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 77
  38. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 32
  39. ^ This can clearly be heard on bootleg recordings of the original AM broadcast, recordings which Jarre sanctioned on the day of the auction.
  40. ^ Zoolook sleeve notes, Disques Dreyfus, 1984
  41. ^ Jenkins 2007, p. 161
  42. ^ a b Portico & Matlock 2008, p. 86
  43. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 93
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Oxygène Live in Concert 2008, Hill Shorter Ltd (printer), 2008, pp. 10–11
  45. ^ a b Thames extravaganza threatened by fears, Ocala Star-Banner, 1988-09-11, retrieved 2011-06-15 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  46. ^ a b c Jean-Michel Jarre Destination Docklands, Francis Dreyfus Music, 1989 {{citation}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  47. ^ People in the News, Eugene Register-Guard, 1988-09-30, retrieved 2011-06-15 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  48. ^ Matthews 1994, p. 169
  49. ^ a b Chronologie & Europe In Concert Interview (Part 1 of 3) – Jean Michel Jarre, youtube.com, 1993, retrieved 2009-06-20
  50. ^ Chronologie sleeve notes, Disques Dreyfus, 1991
  51. ^ Europe In Concert – 1993, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 2009-06-20
  52. ^ Holland, Fiona (1994-03-12), Laser show wows stadium crowd, Hong Kong Standard, p. 1 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. ^ Concert For Tolerance – 1995, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 2009-06-23
  54. ^ LeGrand, Emmanuel (1996-03-23), Jarre Creates an 'Online Space', Billboard Magazine, p. 46, retrieved 2009-06-23 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ a b McCormack, Neil (1997-02-22), Give me that old-time synthesiser music, telegraph.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-20
  56. ^ Oxygène 7–13 sleeve notes, Francis Dreyfus Music and Jean Michel Jarre, 1997
  57. ^ Cacciottolo, Mario (2008-03-28), Jarre breathes again with Oxygene, news.bbc.co.uk, retrieved 2009-05-26
  58. ^ Guinness Book of Records, edition 1998
  59. ^ a b Wall, Mick (2008-01-12), The keys to my success: Jean Michel Jarre, dailymail.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-20
  60. ^ Masson, Gordon (2000-05-30), Corrs to continue Jarre's IFPI role, Billboard Magazine, retrieved 2009-06-12 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  61. ^ a b Weber, Bruce (2000-02-01), THE YEAR 2000: THE ENTERTAINMENT; Around the World, Ancient and Modern Creations, nytimes.com, retrieved 2009-06-22
  62. ^ Okinawa – Rendez-Vous In Space – 2001, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 2009-06-22
  63. ^ Perrone, Pierre (2001-06-21), How to play a harp in heaven, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-20
  64. ^ a b Aalborg – 2002, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 2009-06-23
  65. ^ Fans' fear at Danish concert, news.bbc.co.uk, 2002-09-16, retrieved 2009-06-23
  66. ^ Vleck, Philip van (2003-11-01), Michael Paoletta (ed.), Jean Michel Jarre – Sessions 2000, Billboard Magazine, p. 30, retrieved 2009-06-23 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  67. ^ Discography – Studio Albums – Geometry of Love, jarreuk.info, retrieved 2009-06-24
  68. ^ Jean Michel Jarre lights up China, news.bbc.co.uk, 2004-10-11, retrieved 2009-03-15
  69. ^ a b Jean Michel Jarre Teo & Tea Interview, youtube.com, retrieved 2009-06-19
  70. ^ BBC Breakfast News (0840), BBC, 2004-09-16
  71. ^ Jean Michel Jarre celebrates "Water for Life" in the Sahara, portal.unesco.org, 2006-12-19, retrieved 2009-05-27
  72. ^ Jarre 2007, pp. 38–40
  73. ^ Téo & Téa, teo-tea.com, retrieved 2009-06-23
  74. ^ The Complete Oxygene, dreyfusrecords.com, retrieved 2009-06-24
  75. ^ Jean-Michel Jarre: "The extraordinary landscapes of the Canary Islands are very inspiring to my music", iac.es, 2008-07-14, retrieved 2008-12-10
  76. ^ Concierto en Canarias Cancelado (in Spanish), jeanmicheljarre.es, 2009-04-09, retrieved 2009-08-11
  77. ^ Jean-Michel Jarre becomes Artistic Director of the World Sky Race, portal.unesco.org, 2009-02-25, retrieved 2009-05-26
  78. ^ Jean Michel Jarre acts as Master of Ceremonies for the Global Launch of the International Year of Astronomy (2009), portal.unesco.org, 2009-05-01, retrieved 2009-06-23
  79. ^ Sullivan, Caroline (2009-05-25), Jean Michel Jarre, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-20
  80. ^ http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2010/06/red_carpet_gallery_honours_lis.html {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  81. ^ IMDB,Jean Michel Jarre
  82. ^ a b c Boucher, Caroline (1993-08-08), How We Met: Jean-Michel Jarre and Charlotte Rampling, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-05-26
  83. ^ a b Lichfield, John (2003-08-23), Charlotte Rampling: Magnetic, depressed and creative — an actress of our times, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-05-26
  84. ^ 20-year marriage over for Charlotte Rampling and Jean-Michel Jarre, Hello!, 1997-06-21, pp. 24–25 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  85. ^ Byrnes, Sholto (2005-03-26), Charlotte Rampling: In from the cold, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-05-26
  86. ^ Adjani splits with unfaithful Jarre, contactmusic.com, 2004-06-25, retrieved 2009-08-02
  87. ^ Frain, Par Irene (2005-05-19), Jean-Michel Jarre Anne Parillaud, Rebelles...et mariés (in French), Paris Match {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  88. ^ Torino-Gilles, Loïc (2010-11-19), Jean-Michel Jarre et Anne Parillaud, c’est fini! (in French), francesoir.fr, retrieved 2010-11-19
  89. ^ Nelson, Valerie (22 April 2011), Kevin Jarre dies at 56; screenwriter of 'Glory' and 'Tombstone', latimes.com, retrieved 6 May 2011 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  90. ^ Rogers, Georgie (2009-04-01), Jarre pays tribute to late father, news.bbc.co.uk, retrieved 2009-05-26
  91. ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 57
  92. ^ Rendez-Vous Houston - A City In Concert, PolyGram Music Video, 1989 {{citation}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  93. ^ Matthews 1994, p. 169
  94. ^ Paris La Defense - A City In Concert, Genesis, 1992 {{citation}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  95. ^ Crying all the way to the bank, guardian.co.uk, 2000-01-10, retrieved 2009-06-20
  96. ^ Robertshaw & Jones 1978, p. 58
  97. ^ Jean Michel Jarre Titled Honorary Doctor of Mendeleyev University, russia-ic.com, 2008-11-19, retrieved 2009-05-28
  98. ^ Почетные доктора >> Жан-Мишель Жарр (in Russian), muctr.ru, retrieved 2009-05-28
  99. ^ Red Carpet Gallery: Honours List 2010, mojo4music.com, retrieved 2010-06-10
  100. ^ MOJO Honours List 2010: The Winners Revealed!, mojo4music.com, retrieved 2010-06-10
  101. ^ A Memorable Night, Jean-Michel Jarre, retrieved 2010-06-12
  102. ^ Les Grand Prix 2010 (in French), SACEM, retrieved 2010-11-29
  103. ^ Gran Ballo della Calvachina... (in Italian), Il Gazzettino, retrieved 2011-04-18
  104. ^ Culture : les décorés du 14 juillet 2011 (in French), Louvre Pour Tous, retrieved 2011-07-14
  105. ^ La promotion du 14 juillet de la Légion d'honneur (in French), Le Figaro, retrieved 2011-07-14
  106. ^ (4422) Jarre, cfa-www.harvard.edu, 1990-10-04, retrieved 2009-05-05
  107. ^ Polonia: independencia con incidentes.
Bibliography
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