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UEFA coefficient

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See also: UEFA European Football Championship, UEFA Champions League, and UEFA Europa League

In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions. The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients to rank the national teams, the national leagues, and football clubs.

National team coefficient

The UEFA national team coefficient is derived from the results of each European national football team, and only calculated by UEFA every second year in November; defined as being the point of time when all UEFA nations have completed the qualification stage of the upcoming World Cup or European Championship tournament.

The purpose of calculating the coefficients is to compile an official UEFA rank, to be used as seeding criteria for the European nations, when drawing up qualification groups and the final tournament groups of the European Championship. Previously, up until 2006, the UEFA national team coefficient was also used for the seeded draw of World Cup qualification groups in Europe, while the draw for final tournament groups of the World Cup was always seeded on the basis of the official FIFA World Rankings. The reason why UEFA stopped using UEFA national team coefficients for the seeding of World Cup qualification groups was a request from FIFA to only use the official FIFA ranking for all seeded draws related to the World Cup tournament.


Old ranking and calculation method

It was first introduced in 2003 and used for seeding the 2004 European Final tournament and 2006 World Cup qualification. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, the UEFA national team coefficient was calculated by dividing the number of all points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of all matches played, in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Results from the final tournaments, Play-off matches and friendly games were all ignored. In those cases where a nation did not take part at one of the two latest qualifying rounds, due to being directly qualified as a host, only one qualifying round would be taken into account.

If two or more nations ended up with exactly the same coefficient, the following ranking criteria was applied:

  1. Highest coefficient from the matches played in the most recent qualifying competition.
  2. Biggest average goal difference per game -found by dividing the sum of all goal differences, with the number of ranked matches.
  3. Highest average number of goals scored per game.
  4. Highest average number of away goals scored per game.
  5. Drawing of lots.

The last three times UEFA used this simple calculation method, was for the final UEFA ranking in 2003, 2005 and 2007.

New ranking and calculation method

On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced changes to the coefficient ranking system.[1][2][3] The ranking will continue to be calculated every second year in November, but under the new system, teams now gain ranking points for each game played in the most recently completed full cycle (defined as all qualifying games and final tournament games) of both the World Cup and European Championship, with addition of ranking points for each game played at the latest completed half cycle (defined as all games played in the latest qualifying round). Ranking points for all games played inside those two and a half cycles, will be awarded according to the rules listed below.

  1. 10,000 points are awarded for each match played.
  2. Each team earns an additional 30,000 for winning and 10,000 for drawing.
  3. In case of a game decided by penalty shoot out, the points are allocated as a draw, with the winner of the shoot-out gaining an additional 10,000 points.
  4. Each match at the final tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are also granted some extra bonus points, ranging from 6,000 points for all play-offs or World Cup group stage games, to 38,000 points for playing a final.
  5. 501 points are earned for each goal scored, and 500 are lost for each goal conceded.
  6. Coefficients are calculated for each two and a half cycle, by dividing the sum of earned points with the number of games played.
  7. When calculating the overall average coefficient for the cycles, the latest full cycle and half cycle will each have double the weight, compared to the oldest full cycle.
  8. Special arrangements are in place for those nations that did not participate in one of the previous qualifying tournaments due to hosting the competition.

Final ranking in 2009

The ranking points from November 2009, to be used for the seeded draw of UEFA Euro 2012 qualification groups, was calculated for each nation by adding up:

The new official UEFA ranking was calculated for the first time in November 2009, with the following final points:[4]

Final ranking in 2011

The ranking points to be calculated for UEFA Euro 2012 final tournament was found by adding up:[5]

A preliminary UEFA Euro 2012 ranking has been calculated according to the scheme above, to show the current ranking, before the remaining Euro 2012 qualifiers are played.

League coefficient

Map of UEFA countries, teams from which have reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League
  UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage
  UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage
  Not a UEFA member

The league coefficient is used to rank the leagues of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from a league that will participate in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the rankings at the end of the 2011–12 season determine the team allocation by country in the 2013–14 (not 2012–13) European season, however, the actual teams that will be participating are determined at the end of the 2012–13 season when the individual league classifications and national cups are finalized.

This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the leagues in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League games over the past five seasons. Two points are awarded for each win by a club, and one for a draw (points are halved in the qualifying and playoff rounds). Goals scored in extra time do count in determining the outcome of a game, but any Penalty shootout result does not affect the allocation of points other than the bonus points. The number of points awarded each season is divided by the number of teams that participated for that nation in that season. This number is then rounded to three decimal places (e.g. 2⅔ would be rounded to 2.667).

For the league coefficient the season's league coefficients for the last five seasons must be added up. In the preliminary rounds of both the Champions League and Europa League, the awarded points are halved. Bonus points are allocated for:

  • Qualifying for the Champions League group phase (4 bonus points).
  • Reaching the second round of the Champions League (5 bonus points).
  • Reaching the quarter, semi and final of either the Champions League or the Europa League (1 bonus point).

The bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season.

Current ranking

The final 2012 rankings at the end of the 2011–12 season determine the allocation in 2013–14 competitions. The current rankings are as follows:[6][7]

Rank
2012 		Rank
2011 		Mvmt. League 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 Coeff. Teams
2011–12 		CL places EL places Total
1 1 — England England 17.875 15.000 17.928 18.357 15.250 84.410 1/8 4 3 7
2 2 — Spain Spain 13.875 13.312 17.928 18.214 20.857 84.186 2/7
3 3 — Germany Germany 13.500 12.687 18.900 15.666 15.250 75.186 1/6
4 4 — Italy Italy 10.250 11.375 15.428 11.571 11.357 59.981 0/7 3 6
5 6 +1 Portugal Portugal 7.928 6.785 10.000 18.800 11.833 55.346 0/6
6 5 −1 France France 6.928 11.000 15.000 10.750 10.500 54.178 0/6
7 7 — Russia Russia 11.250 9.750 6.166 10.916 9.750 47.832 0/6 2 4
8 9 +1 Netherlands Netherlands 5.000 6.333 9.416 11.166 13.600 45.515 0/5
9 8 −1 Ukraine Ukraine 4.875 16.625 5.800 10.083 7.750 45.133 0/6
10 11 +1 Greece Greece 7.500 6.500 7.900 7.600 7.600 37.100 0/5 3 5
11 10 −1 Turkey Turkey 9.750 7.000 7.600 4.600 6.625 35.575 0/4
12 13 +1 Belgium Belgium 4.500 4.500 8.700 4.600 10.100 32.400 0/5
13 12 −1 Denmark Denmark 5.125 8.200 4.400 6.700 3.100 27.525 0/5
14 16 +2 Switzerland Switzerland 6.250 2.900 5.750 5.900 6.000 26.800 0/5
15 19 +4 Austria Austria 3.200 2.250 9.375 4.375 7.125 26.325 0/4
16 20 +4 Cyprus Cyprus 2.666 6.333 4.250 3.125 9.125 25.499 0/4 1 3 4
17 17 — Israel Israel 2.375 1.750 7.250 4.625 6.000 22.000 0/4
18 15 −3 Scotland Scotland 10.250 1.875 2.666 3.600 2.750 21.141 0/4
19 18 −1 Czech Republic Czech Republic 5.125 2.375 4.100 3.500 5.250 20.350 0/4
20 24 +4 Poland Poland 1.666 5.000 2.125 4.500 6.625 19.916 0/4
21 22 +1 Croatia Croatia 3.666 4.333 3.000 4.125 3.750 18.874 0/4
22 14 −8 Romania Romania 2.600 2.642 6.083 3.166 4.333 18.824 0/6
23 23 — Belarus Belarus 1.833 4.000 3.375 5.875 3.125 18.208 0/4
24 28 +4 Sweden Sweden 5.400 2.500 2.500 2.600 2.900 15.900 0/5
25 25 — Slovakia Slovakia 2.166 4.833 2.500 3.000 2.375 14.874 0/4
26 26 — Norway Norway 5.400 2.500 2.100 2.375 2.300 14.675 0/5
27 27 — Serbia Serbia 2.625 3.000 3.000 3.500 2.125 14.250 0/4
28 21 −7 Bulgaria Bulgaria 2.750 2.250 3.125 4.625 1.500 14.250 0/4
29 32 +3 Hungary Hungary 1.000 1.000 2.750 2.750 2.250 9.750 0/4
30 30 — Finland Finland 2.625 1.833 1.375 1.800 1.500 9.133 0/4
31 36 +5 Georgia (country) Georgia 1.000 1.166 1.750 1.875 2.875 8.666 0/4
32 29 −3 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.833 1.833 1.750 1.875 1.125 8.416 0/4
33 31 −2 Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland 1.000 2.500 1.375 1.000 1.500 7.375 0/4
34 38 +4 Slovenia Slovenia 0.666 1.333 1.375 1.500 2.250 7.124 0/4
35 34 −1 Lithuania Lithuania 1.500 2.500 1.250 0.625 1.000 6.875 0/4
36 33 −3 Moldova Moldova 1.333 0.666 2.125 2.125 0.500 6.749 0/4
37 37 — Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 0.666 0.666 1.500 2.000 1.375 6.207 0/4
38 35 −3 Latvia Latvia 1.333 1.166 2.250 0.500 0.625 5.874 0/4
39 39 — North Macedonia Macedonia 1.666 0.500 0.500 1.375 1.625 5.666 0/4
40 41 +1 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 0.750 0.833 1.250 0.875 1.625 5.333 0/4
41 40 −1 Iceland Iceland 1.166 1.166 1.250 0.375 1.375 5.332 0/4
42 43 +1 Montenegro Montenegro 0.500 0.500 1.125 1.750 0.500 4.375 0/4
43 42 −1 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein1 0.500 0.000 1.000 0.500 2.000 4.000 0/1 0 1 1
44 44 — Albania Albania 0.500 0.666 1.000 0.875 0.875 3.916 0/4 1 3 4
45 48 +3 Malta Malta 0.000 0.000 0.750 1.500 0.833 3.083 0/3
46 46 — Wales Wales 0.666 0.333 0.250 0.875 0.625 2.749 0/4
47 45 −2 Estonia Estonia 0.833 0.333 0.875 0.250 0.375 2.666 0/4
48 49 +1 Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 0.500 0.333 0.125 1.125 0.500 2.583 0/4
49 51 +2 Luxembourg Luxembourg 0.333 0.000 0.250 0.625 1.125 2.333 0/4
50 47 −3 Armenia Armenia 1.333 0.000 0.500 0.250 0.125 2.208 0/4
51 50 −1 Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 0.333 0.333 0.000 0.250 0.500 1.416 0/4
52 52 — Andorra Andorra 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 1.000 0/4 2 3
53 53 — San Marino San Marino 0.250 0.000 0.500 0.166 0.000 0.916 0/3
  Indicates active countries which have all their teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.
  Indicates active countries which have teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.
  Indicates countries which have no teams still competing in this year's UEFA Champions League or Europa League.

1The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organize a national league competition as it does not have the necessary amount of national clubs. As a result, the only competitor from Liechtenstein in European competitions is the Liechtenstein Cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Europa League.

The league champions from the top 12 countries automatically enter the group stage of the competitions, whereas teams from the lower ranked countries must go through the preliminary qualification rounds.

Further information on the Liechtenstein's status and similar cases.

According to the UEFA regulations a National League needs to consist of at least eight clubs to be considered valid, otherwise no participants of such a league will be allowed to enter European competitions. There are only seven clubs that are active in Liechtenstein all of which play in the neighbouring Switzerland's league competitions. Note: prior the introduction of the Welsh Premier League in 1992 Wales also had a single participant, the winner (or best placed Welsh team as several English teams also competed) of the Welsh Cup, in the European competitions.

History

Premier LeagueLa LigaSerie AFußball-BundesligaSerie AFootball League First DivisionFußball-BundesligaFootball League First DivisionLa Liga

Ranking has been published by UEFA since 1979 to identify the number of participants for each country in the UEFA Cup after the re-organization of the Inter-cities Fairs Cup in 1971. No calculation of coefficients took place prior to that. Later, for statistical purposes, various rankings were introduced to portray the history of competitions. Because the Inter-cities Fairs Cup was limited only to certain clubs and/or by invitation no coefficient calculation was necessary. According to the prorated (extended) calculation system only four leagues have succeeded in being the top European league.[8] English teams were banned from UEFA competitions in 1985 until 1990 and didn't gain any coefficient points during that period.[9]

The table at the right shows the history of first placed teams in UEFA League Coefficients.

The next table shows the ranking of nations with respect to the total number of years leading in Europe:

Rank League Total
1 Spain La Liga 14
England First Division /
England Premier League 		14
3 Italy Serie A 13
4 Germany Bundesliga 12

Club coefficient

The club coefficient is determined by the results of a club in European club competition in the last five seasons, and the league coefficient. The club coefficient is 20% of the league coefficient plus the number of points earned by the club in the five seasons. The points earned by a club in the preliminary rounds are not counted.[10]

The clubs get two points for a win, and one point for a draw and no points for a defeat in games of the main stage of European competitions. Qualifying round results are taken into account only for the calculation of the association's coefficient and are halved. Participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League is rewarded with four points and another five points awarded for qualifying for the last 16 in the Champions League. Clubs which reach the quarterfinals, semi-finals or final in either the UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League are awarded an extra point for each such round.[10]

Round Points awarded
Champions League Europa League
Eliminated in first qualifying round 0.5 0.25
Eliminated in second qualifying round 1 0.5
Eliminated in third qualifying round – 1
Eliminated in play-offs – 1.5

Also, a guaranteed minimum of two points is introduced for the clubs which participate in the group stage of Europa League. This guaranteed minimum is not added to the points obtained by the clubs concerned during the group stage and is not taken into consideration for the calculation of the coefficient of the national association.

This ranking is used by UEFA to determine which pot the club belongs to in the preliminary and first rounds of the Champions League, and the preliminary, first and second rounds of the Europa League.

Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams do not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of, the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five years.

UEFA Team Ranking

The top 25 clubs currently are as follows:[11]

Rank
2012 		Rank
2011 		Mvmt Club Country 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 Coeff.
1 2 +1 Barcelona  Spain 27.7750 28.6624 30.5856 36.6428 34.1714 157.837
2 1 −1 Manchester United  England 32.5750 28.0000 28.5856 36.6714 16.0500 141.881
3 3 — Chelsea  England 28.5750 25.0000 22.5856 26.6714 33.0500 135.882
4 4 — Bayern Munich  Germany 22.7000 22.5375 30.514221 24.1332 33.0500 133.037
5 7 +2 Real Madrid  Spain 14.7750 14.6625 22.5856 33.6428 36.1714 121.837
6 6 — Arsenal  England 21.5750 22.0000 25.5856 22.6714 22.0500 113.882
7 9 +2 Internazionale  Italy 16.0500 13.2750 34.0856 21.3142 20.2714 104.996
8 23 +15 Atlético Madrid  Spain 14.7750 17.6624 24.5856 9.6428 34.1714 100.837
9 8 −1 Porto  Portugal 15.5855 17.3570 21.0000 31.7600 12.3666 98.069
10 13 +3 Lyon  France 13.3856 15.2000 28.0000 19.1500 19.1000 94.835
11 5 −6 Liverpool  England 24.5750 23.0000 24.5856 15.6714 3.0500 90.882
12 10 −2 Milan  Italy 16.0500 14.2750 19.0856 18.3142 22.2714 89.996
13 15 +2 Valencia  Spain 9.7750 13.6624 19.5856 21.6428 25.1714 89.837
14 17 +3 Benfica  Portugal 12.5856 4.3570 21.0000 25.7600 23.3666 87.069
15 24 +9 Marseille  France 13.3856 14.2000 17.0000 20.1500 21.1000 85.835
16 14 −2 Shakhtar Donetsk  Ukraine 7.9750 29.3250 11.1600 26.0166 9.5500 84.026
17 25 +8 Sporting CP  Portugal 18.5856 13.3570 14.0000 13.7600 22.3666 82.069
18 22 +4 CSKA Moscow  Russia 6.2500 18.9500 21.2332 16.1832 17.9500 80.566
19 19 – Villarreal  Spain 15.7750 18.6624 10.5856 26.6428 8.1714 79.837
20 31 +11 Zenit Saint Petersburg  Russia 23.2500 14.9500 2.7332 18.1832 19.9500 79.066
21 29 +8 Schalke 04  Germany 15.7000 8.5374 3.6166 30.1332 20.0500 78.037
22 21 −1 PSV Eindhoven  Netherlands 17.0000 6.2666 13.8832 20.2332 18.7200 76.103
23 12 −11 Werder Bremen  Germany 15.7000 24.5375 18.6166 11.1332 3.0500 73.037
24 20 −4 Hamburg  Germany 18.7000 24.5374 21.6166 3.1332 3.0500 71.037
25 11 −14 Sevilla  Spain 18.7750 10.66696 22.5856 12.6428 5.6714 70.337
  Indicates teams still active in this year's UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League.
  Indicates teams from active countries in this year's UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League.

Top club by period

Top-ranked clubs in each 5-year period listed by year:[12]

Top-rated clubs listed by number of years as top-ranked club:

Rank Club Total
1 Spain Real Madrid 14
2 Italy Juventus 7
3 Germany Bayern Munich 6
4 Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach 5
5 Spain Barcelona 4
6 Portugal Benfica 3
England Leeds United 3
Netherlands Ajax 3
9 England Liverpool 2
Italy Milan 2
11 Spain Real Zaragoza 1
Belgium Anderlecht 1
France Paris Saint-Germain 1
England Chelsea 1
England Manchester United 1

References

  1. ^ "EXCO approves new coefficient system". UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  2. ^ "New UEFA National Team Coefficient Ranking System" (PDF). UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  3. ^ "National Team Coefficient Ranking -Technical explanation" (PDF). UEFA. October 2009.
  4. ^ "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA. 19 November 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  5. ^ "Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 2010–12" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  6. ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 2012". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  7. ^ "UEFA Country coefficients 2011/12". UEFA. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  8. ^ UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database (Bert Kassies)
  9. ^ UEFA Country Ranking 1990]
  10. ^ a b "UEFA Coefficients calculation method". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  11. ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2012". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  12. ^ See column Team Ranking in "UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 13 April 2012.

External links

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