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Gemini (2002 film)

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Gemini
DVD Cover
Directed bySaran
Written bySaran
Produced byM. Saravanan
M. Balasubramaniam
M. S. Guhan
B. Gurunath
StarringVikram
Kiran Rathod
Kalabhavan Mani
Murali
Manorama
Gemini Ganesan
CinematographyA. Venkatesh
Edited bySuresh Urs
Music byBharathwaj
Production
company
Release date
12 April 2002
Running time
157 mins
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil
Budget₹4 crore
Box office₹21 crore[1]

Gemini is a 2002 Indian Tamil masala film, written and directed by Saran. The film stars Vikram in the titular role, while debutant Kiran Rathod plays his love interest. Malayalam actor Kalabhavan Mani made his Tamil debut with this film, portraying the main antagonist. Murali, Vinu Chakravarthy, Manorama, Thennavan, 'O Podu' Rani and Ilavarasu play supporting roles. The film was produced by M. Saravanan, M. Balasubramaniam, M. S. Guhan and B. Gurunath under the banner of AVM Productions. The story is about the gang wars in Chennai and is loosely based on two real life goons, 'Vellai' Ravi and Chera.

Gemini was earlier titled Erumugham with Ajith Kumar in the lead. But when Ajith left the project in favour of Red, the project was temporarily shelved. Later, Saran reworked the script and cast Vikram in the lead with the changed title Gemini. Kiran Rathod of Yaadein fame was cast against him. While Saran wrote the dialogues, the cinematography was handled by A. Venkatesh and editing by Suresh Urs. The film's soundtrack was composed by Bharathwaj while the lyrics were written by Vairamuthu. Veteran actor Gemini Ganesan made a guest appearance which happened to be his last film appearance.

The film was scheduled for release on Tamil New Year, but was later released two days earlier on 12 April 2002. Made at a budget of ₹4 crore, the film became one of the highest grossing films of the year.[2] Owing to its success, Saran remade the film in Telugu under the same title with Venkatesh and Namitha in the lead, while Kalabhavan Mani and Murali reprised their roles. Gemini was also dubbed in Hindi as Angaar – Deadly One.

Plot

The film begins at a magistrate's court where a big shot don, Teja (Kalabhavan Mani), and his gang members appear for a hearing. Another gang clashes with them resulting in the death of Sinthai Jeeva. Jeeva was a member of the rival gang headed by Gemini (Vikram), an up-and-coming goon in Chintadripet who also aspires to become a big don. To avenge his death, Gemini and his gang search for the murderer, Pandian. One of Gemini's men, Isaac, kills him. This begins a rivalry between Gemini and Teja. Later one day, two businessmen approach Gemini to evict people from a market to facilitate the building of a shopping complex. But since the market is in his control, Gemini refuses the offer. The businessmen eventually approach Teja to get the job done. Feigning an altercation with Gemini, his sidekick Kai (Thennavan) joins Teja's gang. Kai acts as the inside man and foils the plan. Thus, Gemini fools and wins against Teja, which drives him crazy.

Meanwhile, Gemini meets a Marwari girl, Manisha Natwarlal (Kiran Rathod), and falls in love with her. To pursue her, he joins an evening college as her classmate. Eventually she too falls for him. Meanwhile Pandian's mother Annamma (Manorama) approaches the gang and becomes their cook. She projects herself as an aging woman who has to work for getting her eye operated, all the while plotting to poison them one day.

In the meantime, Singaperumal (Murali), an astute police officer is posted as the Director General of Police (DGP). Keen on wiping out rowdyism, he arrests both Gemini and Teja. Since both of them have political influence, the arrests are made off the records. Understanding their rivalry, the DGP puts them in a private cell so they can beat up each other to death. While Teja tries to exact revenge for the market issue, Gemini doesn't fight back. Instead, Gemini convinces Teja to plead guilty to the DGP and request for a chance to turn over a new leaf. Gemini's trick works and they are released.

Since Gemini was actually arrested while he was at the college, Manisha gets to know about his real identity and starts ignoring him. To win his love back, Gemini reforms his ways. Now that Gemini and co. have regretted their actions, Annamma reveals her true identity and forgives them. Teja goes back to his gang and continues smuggling goods. He keeps on disturbing Gemini and wants him to help him out in his business. Instead Gemini informs about Teja's activities to the DGP. Teja gets caught red-handed smuggling narcotics. He gets prosecuted and serves a prison term.

A few months later, Singaperumal gets transferred to the transport department and (Vinu Chakravarthy) is posted as the new DGP. A corrupt officer, the new DGP takes Teja's side and releases him. Now Teja and the new DGP urge Gemini to help them in the business. But he still tries to stay away from them. In order to force Gemini back to his old ways, Teja gets Isaac to conspire against him. With Isaac's help, Teja plots and kills Kai. Infuriated, Gemini decides to sort out the issue once and for all and confronts Teja. During the ensuing fight, the new DGP arrives and fires at Gemini killing him. It is later revealed that during the course of the fight, Gemini had thrashed Teja, bound and gagged him, and swapped their clothes. The DGP has killed Teja assuming it to be Gemini. While Vinu grieves for Teja's death, news arrives that Vinu has been transferred to the Sewage Control Board. The film ends on a lighter note, as the lead actors share a laugh.

Cast

"In Gemini, I have tried to do something new. The character I'm playing is a rowdy, but a bit refined. I study in an evening college and I've presented it as natural and realistically. Just as you expect a Sethu again, I've changed the style a bit."

 — Vikram about the preparation for his role[3]

  • Vikram as Gemini, an aspiring don who reforms later
  • Kiran Rathod as Manisha Natwarlal, a free-spirited Marwari girl
  • Kalabhavan Mani as Teja
  • Murali as Singaperumal, a sincere and dignified police officer
  • Vinu Chakravarthy, a power-hungry and corrupted police officer
  • Manorama as Annamma, an aged mother who wants to avenge for his son's death
  • Thennavan as Kai, Gemini's loyal deputy
  • 'O Podu' Rani as Kamini, a divorcee who lusts for Gemini
  • Ilavarasu
  • Isaac as Isaac, Gemini's gang member who betrays him later
  • Dhamu, a mechanic shed owner
  • Vaiyapuri as Oberoi
  • Omakuchi Narasimhan as Bombay Dawood, a butcher
  • Ramesh Khanna as Gopal M.A., a professor at the evening college
  • Charle as Chinna Salem, a pimp
  • Madhan Bob as R.Anilwal IPS, a police officer trying to weed out prostitution
  • Thyagu as Sammandham
  • Gemini Ganesan in a cameo as himself

Production

Development

"Yes. It happened a year ago in Chennai. Two rowdies wanted to reform themselves and return to the society. A police officer helped them do so. I was fascinated by the incident."

 — Director Saran, when asked whether the film was inspired by a real life incident.[4]

After the successes of Kaadhal Mannan and Amarkalam both starring Ajith in the lead, Saran announced his third film with Ajith. The film, which was to be produced by A. Purnachandra Rao for Lakshmi Productions, was titled Erumugham (Upward mobility). As with most of his films, Erumugham was also a gangster film. Laila was to play the heroine. The song recording began on 16 March 2001 while the shooting was to start in middle of June, and continue through July and August 2001, and it was planned to be released for Diwali.[5] But after a week of shooting, Ajith lost interest in the project, finding a more engaging story in Red. So Ajith left, and the project was stalled.[6] This created a temporary rift between the actor and the director with Saran claiming, "I will never do another film with Ajit".[7][8]

Sometime later, Saran reworked the script and began the project again. The plot, inspired by a real life incident, is about the gang wars in Chennai and is loosely based on North Madras rowdies, 'Vellai' Ravi and Chera.[9] The film, produced by AVM Productions, was the production house's 162nd film.[10][11] It was a comeback film for AVM after a gap of 5 years, their last production being the 1997 hit Minsara Kanavu.[12] Producer M. Saravanan wanted to rename the film's title. Among the many titles suggested, Saravanan liked Gemini. But Gemini was the name of the famous production house, Gemini Studios. So, Saravanan wrote to S. Balasubramanian, editor of Ananda Vikatan and son of Gemini Studios founder S. S. Vasan, requesting permission to use the title. In reply, Balasubramanian gave his consent and conveyed his wishes for the team.[13]

Casting

While Vikram was cast in the title role, Saran was scouting for a newcomer to suit the character of a Marwari girl and chose Kiran Rathod.[14][15] Malayalam actors, Kalabhavan Mani and Murali were approached to play significant roles. Incidentally, it was Vikram, who played Mani's role in the Tamil remake of Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum, who suggested Mani for the role of Teja.[16] When asked about casting them, Saran said "I like the dedication of Malayalee artistes towards their work. People like Kalabhavan Mani and Murali are in it because of their love for cinema and not for money".[8] Murali's role was planned to have a streak of villainy but the director later decided against it as he was "amazed to see awe in everyone's eyes when Murali entered the sets and performed".[4] Veteran actor Manorama, Thennavan, Vinu Chakravarthy, Ilavarasu, Charle, Dhamu, Ramesh Khanna, Vaiyapuri, Madhan Bob and Thyagu formed the supporting cast. Camera was handled by Venkatesh, editing by Suresh Urs and the lyrics were written by Vairamuthu.[10]

Filming

The film was formally launched on 21 November 2001 at Hotel Connemara in the presence of a host of celebrities including Rajinikanth (through video conferencing) and Kamal Haasan among others.[11] The launch function was marked by the submission of the script, songs and lyrics, well before the actual production started. The shooting began in the middle of December.[17] Vikram shot for the film alongside Samurai.[18] Due to other commitments in Malayalam, Kalabhavan Mani was initially hesitant to accept the film. So, the shooting was re-scheduled to film Mani's scenes first and let him off. Saran convinced him to allot dates for 12 days and completed his scenes.[4] The film was entirely shot in AVM Studios with the exception of two songs.[19] One of the songs, Penn Oruthi, was shot at Jungfraujoch in Switzerland, the highest point in Europe.[20] It is only the second Indian film after the 1964 Raj Kapoor-starrer Sangam, where shots were canned on a sledge in the scenic locales of Switzerland.[21]

Inspiration

The characters of Gemini and Teja are modeled on 'Vellai' Ravi and Chera respectively.[9] 'Vellai' Ravi and Chera were Tamil-Burma repatriates, settled in Bhaktavatsalam colony at Vyasarpadi, North Madras.[22] They were members of rival gangs headed by Benjamin and Subbhaiah. The rivalry began when Benjamin, a DYFI member, questioned the illegal activities of Subbhaiah, who, apart from running a plastic and iron ore business, also held kangaroo courts. When it eventually developed into a Christian-Hindu conflict, they recruited jobless men and formed gangs to overpower and subdue each other. While Subbhaih's nephew Chera became his right hand, 'Vellai' Ravi became Benjamin's aide. In 1991, Benjamin and Ravi's gang killed Subbaiah. A year later, Chera's gang killed Benjamin with the help of another rowdy, Asaithambi. Kabilan, another gangster, joined Chera's gang and they killed more than 14 people to avenge Subbaiah's murder. One of the murders took place inside the Egmore court in the early 2000s when Chera's gang killed Ravi's aide Vijayakumar alias Viji. At the turn of the century, Police cracked down on the gangsters.[23] Fearing an encounter, both Vellai Ravi and Chera decided to give up and turn a new leaf. The then DCP of Flower Bazaar, Shakeel Akhter held the transition ceremony on February 2001.[24] Incidentally, during the making of the film, they were arrested under Goondas Act.[25]

When asked about his fascination for rowdy themes, Saran recalled,[8]

I come from a lower middle class background and have lived all my life in `Singara Chennai'. I used to go to college from my house in Aminjikkarai by bus and many of the incidents that you see in my films are inspired by those days. Chennai city and its newspapers have been my source material.

Character map
  • Gemini — 'Vellai' Ravi
  • Teja — Chera
  • Singaperumal — DCP Shakeel Akhter
  • Sinthai Jeeva — Viji

Soundtrack

Untitled

The soundtrack album and film score was composed by Bharathwaj, a staple fixture is most of Saran's films. The lyrics were written by Vairamuthu.

Original Tracklist[26]
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Deewana"Sadhana Sargam04:26
2."Kaadhal Enbatha"Timothy02:56
3."Kaadhal Enbatha – Sad"Reshmi01:16
4."O Podu"Anuradha Sriram, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam04:03
5."Katta Katta"Shankar Mahadevan, Swarnalatha04:52
6."Pen Oruthi"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam05:11
7."Thala Keezha"Manikka Vinayagam04:10
Bonus Track
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
8."O Podu – Alternate Version"Anuradha Sriram, Vikram04:00
Total length:30:54

Reception

The music received mixed reviews from critics. While Sify said, "The only saving grace is the music of Bharadwaj",[19] Rediff wrote, "music director Bharathwaj is impressive".[27] Vijay Vanniarajan of Thiraipadam.com noted that the music was average and was nothing great.[28]

"We sold out a lakh copies in one month. Only Rahman's music has got this kind of an opening before. Now, with the new song, it will sell another lakh before the release of the film."

 — S. Kalyan of Five Star Audio about the album sales.[29]

The songs were well received by the audience. The track O Podu was a huge hit[29] and earned actress Rani the moniker 'O Podu' Rani.[30] The album saw a boost in the sale of music, selling more than 100,000 cassettes.[31][32] It remains to be the biggest hit in the career of Bharathwaj.[33] He won the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director.[34]

Following the song's success, Vikram was greeted everywhere with screams of 'O Podu'. Overwhelmed by the response, Vikram, having already worked as a voice artist and singer, offered to sing his version of the song.[4] The track was added to the album a month after the music release. Since the film has been completed by then, the additional track was featured during the closing credits.[29]

The music also received some unexpected reactions. The high-energy track 'O Podu' drove people mad, with some resorting to violence damaging public property in Malaysia, just for fun.[35] Vairamuthu's lyrics, which are typically in pure Tamil, contained slang terms in addition to words from other languages such as Deewana. This departure was met with criticism and the critics labeled the lyrics as "pure gibberish".[36] It was also blamed for having started a trend of sorts for lyrics that are vulgar and of poor quality.[37]

Release

The film, which was supposed to hit the screens on 14 April 2002 coinciding with the Tamil New Year's day, was released two days early on 12 April.[38] Gemini was released alongside Vijay's Thamizhan, Prashanth's Thamizh, Vijayakanth's Raajjiyam and Vijayashanti's Sri Bannari Amman, while Mammootty's Junior Senior was released on 19 April.[39] The film was released with 104 prints across Tamil Nadu which is a first for a Vikram film.[40] On the day of release, the film was premiered at Singapore and was attended by the hero, heroine, director and producer.[21]

Critical reception

While the film was received well by the audience and was declared a hit,[41] it received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Thiraipadam.com reviewed that "it's running like a Rajinikanth movie in India, becoming a blockbuster so huge no one expected it" and further added that though the movie has its moments, "those shining moments don't come often enough".[28] Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu praised Vikram stating, "Be it action or sensitive enactment, Vikram lends a natural touch. Thus even though the credibility level of Saran's storyline is low, Vikram helps Gemini score".[42] Kalabhavan Mani also received unanimous critical acclaim for his mimicry and portrayal of a villain with a comic sense. Rediff wrote, "The highlight in Gemini is undoubtedly Kalabhavan Mani's performance... As the paan-chewing Gemini, Vikram too delivers a convincing performance" and summed up as "Gemini is your typical masala potboiler and it works".[27] In contrast, Sify said "Saran should be blamed for this inept movie, which has no storyline and has scant regard for logic or sense".[19] Balaji Balasubramaniam criticised as, "Saran has nothing new to offer. The story is routine. The only category the movie provides something unique is, in the portrayal of the villain".[43]

Following the film's phenomenal success, Vikram was compared with fellow actor Rajinikanth. Vijay Vanniarajan said, " I think Tamil cinema may have found the next Rajinikanth, ... we've found him in Vikram".[28] Rajnikanth, who saw the film, met Vikram and praised his performance.[44]

The film's premise of an outlaw reforming his ways was appreciated. D. Ramanaidu of Suresh Productions, the co-producer of the Telugu remake said, "The story of a rowdy sheeter turning into a good man is a good theme".[30] The film was also screened as part of a six-day workshop conducted jointly by the Department of Journalism and Communication, University of Madras, and the Mass Communication Alumni Association, University of Madras (MCAUM), with the focus on 'The impact of cinema on society'.[45]

Box office

Gemini was a commercial success at the box office. Since the films that released for Diwali and Pongal were not successful, Gemini helped the industry turn the tide. Made at a budget of ₹4 crore (US$480,000), the film grossed more than ₹20 crore (US$2.4 million). D. Govardhan of The Economic Times noted, "The film's success has catapulted its hero, Vikram as the most sought after hero after Rajinikanth in the Tamil film industry today".[2] Sreedhar Pillai of The Hindu said, "Gemini has been the biggest hit among Tamil films in the last two years".[9] The film ran successfully for more than 125 days at the box office.[30] Abirami Ramanathan, the owner of Abhirami Mega Mall said that Gemini's success would slow the rapid closing down of theatres from 2,500 to 2,000.[46] Following the resounding success of the film, Saran named his production house as "Gemini Productions" under which he produced films like Aaru, Vattaram and Muni.[47]

Awards

Award Ceremony Category Nominee(s) Outcome
International Tamil Film Awards 1st International Tamil Film Awards[48][49] Best Actor Vikram Won
Best Villain Kalabhavan Mani Won
Best Singer Female Anuradha Sriram Won
Filmfare Awards South 50th Filmfare Awards South[50] Best Music Director Bharathwaj Won
Best Female Playback Singer Anuradha Sriram Won
Best Villain Kalabhavan Mani Won
Cinema Express Awards 22nd Cinema Express Awards[51][52] Best New Face Actress Kiran Won
Best Music Director Bharathwaj Won
Best Dialogue Writer Saran Won
Best Singer Female Anuradha Sriram Won

Remakes

Following the success and immense popularity of the film, Saran remade the film into Telugu under the same title.[53] It is the only film made by Saran in a language other than Tamil. The film starred Venkatesh and Namitha in the lead,[54] while Kalabhavan Mani and Murali reprised their roles from the Tamil version. Most of the crew members were retained.[55] Posani Krishna Murali transliterated the dialogues to Telugu.[56] The soundtrack was composed by R. P. Patnaik who reused the tracks from the original.[57] Later the film was also dubbed in Hindi as Angaar – Deadly One.[58] It was also reported to be made in Kannada with Upendra playing the lead, but he dismissed the reports as rumours.[59]

There is a comical sequence between the characters played by Dhamu and Vaiyapuri where each of them brag about knowing a fighting technique without explaining what it is. While Vaiyapuri says 'Ek Maar Do Thukada' (Hindi for 'One Strike Two Pieces'), Dhamu tells that he knows 'Maan Karate' (Maan means Deer). When they get into a problem, Dhamu just runs away. Later he explains that Maan Karate is nothing but how a deer runs away when in danger.[60] This famous line has been used to name an upcoming film Maan Karate.[61] The film has been titled so because whenever there is a problem in his life, the hero Sivakarthikeyan fails to face them and runs for cover instead.[62]

A game-based reality show for children was titled 'O Podu'. AVM was also part of the show which was produced by Vikatan Televistas and directed by Gerald.[63] The show was telecast on Sun TV during Sundays. Anchored by Raaghav, the show went on for 26 weeks.[64]

The term 'O Podu' was also used for a social awareness movement during election.[65] 'O Podu' was used as a short form of 'Oatu Podu' (cast your vote), which encouraged people to exercise their right to vote to prevent proxy voting.[66][67] This was particularly significant when the election commission gave the public the option of not voting for any of the candidates according to Section 49-O of the Constitution Act of 1961.[68][69]

Further reading

  • C. K. Gandhirajan (2004). Organised Crime. A. P. H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 124–128. ISBN 9788176484817.

References

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  5. ^ Ramya Kannan (17 March 2001). "In the land of the Yuppies". The Hindu.
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  10. ^ a b S.R. Ashok Kumar (12 April 2002). "Ushering in the new year". The Hindu.
  11. ^ a b Sudhish Kamath (22 November 2001). "Waiting with bated breath". The Hindu.
  12. ^ S. Muthiah (3 December 2001). "Banners on screen and stage again". The Hindu.
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  14. ^ S. R. Ashok Kumar (6 November 2004). "Your photograph said it all". The Hindu.
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  18. ^ "Dhil to Dhool". The Hindu. 1 February 2002.
  19. ^ a b c "Movie Review : Gemini". Sify.
  20. ^ S. R. Ashok Kumar (21 March 2003). "Jaunts abroad with a purpose". The Hindu.
  21. ^ a b S. R. Ashok Kumar, Malathi Rangarajan (12 April 2002). "A lesson or two". The Hindu.
  22. ^ Petlee Peter (23 August 2013). "Madras' crime gangs: low in number, high on terror". The Hindu.
  23. ^ A. Selvaraj (21 November 2012). "Vyasarpadi was home to goons for decades". The Times of India.
  24. ^ "Two gangsters turn a new leaf". The Hindu. 24 February 2001.
  25. ^ S. Shivakumar (5 September 2001). "Row over rearrest of gang leaders". The Hindu.
  26. ^ "Gemini — Tracklist". Raaga.com.
  27. ^ a b Pearl (26 April 2002). "Vikram chews paan, excels". Rediff.com.
  28. ^ a b c Vijay Vanniarajan. "Gemini – Tamil Movie Review". Thiraipadam.com.
  29. ^ a b c Sudhish Kamath (31 March 2002). "'Gemini' already a hit!". The Hindu.
  30. ^ a b c Sudhish Kamath (24 September 2002). "Gemini's big day". The Hindu.
  31. ^ Sreedhar Pillai (16 April 2002). "Tuned to success". The Hindu.
  32. ^ Shobha Warrier (22 April 2002). "Gemini strikes gold at the Tamil marquee". Rediff.com.
  33. ^ Shobha Warrier (16 January 2003). "People started calling me 'O Podu' Bharadwaj". Rediff.com.
  34. ^ "Manikchand Filmfare Awards in Hyderabad". The Times of India. 19 May 2003.
  35. ^ "'O Podu' ripples". The Hindu. 24 May 2002.
  36. ^ Sreedhar Pillai (18 June 2002). "In love with lyrics". The Hindu.
  37. ^ "Offensive lyrics sell music". Indiaglitz. 1 September 2004.
  38. ^ Chitra Mahesh (31 May 2002). "I want to strike a balance". The Hindu.
  39. ^ Tulika (11 April 2002). "What the marquee looks like this New Year". Rediff.com.
  40. ^ Sreedhar Pillai (12 April 2002). "Awaiting superhits – Gemini". The Hindu.
  41. ^ "Tamil Cinema Review – Gemini".
  42. ^ Malathi Rangarajan (19 April 2002). "The Hindu : Gemini". The Hindu.
  43. ^ Balaji Balasubramaniam. "Movie Review: Gemini (2002)". Thiraipadam.com.
  44. ^ Malathi Rangarajan, S. R. Ashok Kumar (17 May 2002). "A shot in the arm". The Hindu.
  45. ^ "The impact of cinema". The Hindu. 2 September 2002.
  46. ^ Akila Dinakar (20 May 2002). "Children's day". The Hindu.
  47. ^ "'Gemini Productions' launched!". Sify. 16 July 2005.
  48. ^ S.R. Ashok Kumar (31 October 2003). "ITFA ceremony in Malaysia". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  49. ^ "International Tamil Film Awards 2003 (Malaysia)". The Hindu. 31 October 2003.
  50. ^ "Manikchand Filmfare Awards: Sizzling at 50". The Economic Times. 25 May 2003. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  51. ^ "`Kannathil Muthamittal' bags 6 Cinema Express awards". The Hindu. 22 December 2002.
  52. ^ Sudhish Kamath (23 December 2002). "A sombre starry night". The Hindu.
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  54. ^ "Working Hard". The Hindu. 12 July 2002.
  55. ^ Malathi Rangarajan (17 December 2004). "Cinema, success, Saran - The clique that never changes". The Hindu.
  56. ^ Gudipoondi Srihari (19 June 2002). "The making of Gemini". The Hindu.
  57. ^ "Gemini – Album Description". Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 11 August 2007 suggested (help)
  58. ^ "Angaar Deadly One – Synopsis".
  59. ^ Sharanya CR (8 March 2013). "No Gemini remake for Uppi". The Times of India.
  60. ^ "What is 'Maan Karate'?". IndiaGlitz. 19 July 2013.
  61. ^ V Lakshmi (30 June 2013). "Kollywood movie titles based on popular dialogues". The Times of India.
  62. ^ "Sivakarthikeyan, Hansika film titled 'Maan Karate'". 88db.com.
  63. ^ "O... Podu". The Hindu. 1 August 2003.
  64. ^ Malathi Rangarajan (31 January 2004). "Here, there, everywhere". The Hindu.
  65. ^ "'O Podu' is a social awareness movement". Keetru.com.
  66. ^ G. C. Shekhar (8 May 2006). "Wanna reject all candidates? Press O button". Hindustan Times.
  67. ^ "Vote! But vote for nobody!".
  68. ^ "Rule 49-O of Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961" (PDF). Election Commission of India.
  69. ^ "The Conduct of Election Rules 1961".
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