List of active separatist movements in North America
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This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America and Europe. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with living, active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
- Secessionist movements
Alberta (Main article: Alberta separatism)
British Columbia + Pacific Northwestern US
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Pressure group: Cascadian Independence Movement
Quebec (Main article: Quebec sovereignty movement)
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Labour union: Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ), Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ), Union des artistes (UDA)
- Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Parti indépendantiste, Option nationale
- Proposed state: Quebec
Saskatchewan
- Political party: Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan
Western Canada
- Political party: Western Block Party, Western Canada Independence Party
- Inuit Autonomist movement
Guanacaste
- Proposed state: Guanacaste
- Political party: Independent Guanacaste Party
- For other movements in Denmark, see List of active separatist movements in Europe.
Greenland is geographically part of North America, but has been politically connected with Europe for a long time.
Greenland
- Political party: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Forward and Inuit Party
- Chiapas
Zapatista, as result of the dialog between the government and the EZLN support base, 5 small and remote regions of the Mexican southernmost state of Chiapas have established semi-autonomous self-governance, ruled under indigenous traditional councils that coexist alongside the official Mexican government, these regions are called Councils of Good Government.
- For other separatist movements in parts and possessions of the United States outside of North America (e.g. Hawaii), see the List of active separatist movements in Oceania.
U.S. States
Alaska
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party[1]
Lakota Sioux
- Pressure group(s): Lakotah Oyate
- Proposed state: Republic of Lakotah
The South
- Pressure group(s): League of the South, Southern National Congress
- Proposed state: Confederate States of America
- See also: Neo-confederate movement
Texas
- Proposed state: Republic of Texas
- Pressure group(s): Republic of Texas
- See: Texas Secession Movement
- Militant organization:The Republic of Texas
Vermont
- Proposed state: Vermont Republic
- Political party: Vermont Independence Party[2][3]
- Pressure group(s): Second Vermont Republic
Washington + Oregon + the Canadian province of British Columbia
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Pressure group: Cascadia Independence Movement
The Black Belt
- Proposed State: Republic of New Afrika
- Pressure group(s): Nation of Islam, New Black Panther Party, Black Panther Party, Revolutionary Communist Party
- Southwestern United States
- Proposed state: Aztlán
- Pressure Group: Chicano Movement
Other territories
- Secessionist movements
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
- Pressure group: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS), Puerto Rican independence movement (MPI)
- Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros)
- Autonomist movements
- Political party: Martinican Progressive Party
- Secessionist movements
- Political party:
Martinican Independence Movement
Nevis
- Political party: Concerned Citizens' Movement, Nevis Reformation Party
- For movements in the United Kingdom and its other dependencies in Europe, see the List of active separatist movements in Europe.
Anguilla[citation needed]
Bermuda
- Political party: Progressive Labour Party
- Advocacy group: Bermuda Independence Commission
Montserrat
- Political parties: New People's Liberation Movement
Turks and Caicos Islands
- Political parties: Progressive National Party, People's Democratic Movement
See also
References
- ^ "Curiouser and Curiouser". CBS News. 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ^ Vt. Independence Party to meet in Montpelier, WCAX-TV News, September 12, 2012.
- ^ Vermont Independence Party convention, Seven Days newspaper, September 2012.