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Ahmed Mohamed clock incident

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Ahmed Mohamed clock incident
Ahmed Mohamed, October 2015
DateSeptember 14, 2015 (2015-09-14)
VenueMacArthur High School
LocationIrving, Texas, United States
CauseBringing an alleged hoax bomb to school

In 2015, there was widespread public reaction that included allegations of racial profiling and Islamophobia when a 14-year-old boy, Ahmed Mohamed, was arrested at MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas for bringing an alleged hoax bomb to school.

Mohamed had repackaged an electronic clock in a pencil box and brought it to school to show his teachers. His English teacher thought the clock resembled a bomb, confiscated it and reported Mohamed to the school's principal. Local law enforcement was called and Mohamed was questioned by police for an hour and a half. After being taken into custody, handcuffed, and transported to a juvenile detention facility, he was fingerprinted and his photograph was taken. He was then released to his parents. The case was not pursued further by juvenile justice authorities, but Mohamed was suspended from school for three days.

News of the incident went viral – initially on Twitter – with allegations by some commentators that the actions of the school officials and police were due to their stereotyping of Mohamed based on his Sudanese ancestry and Muslim faith. A number of hoax allegations and conspiracy theories ensued. After U.S. President Barack Obama, politicians, activists, technology company executives, and media personalities remarked on the incident, Mohamed was invited to participate in a number of high-profile events related to encouraging youth interest in science and technology. After the incident, the family decided to move to Qatar, accepting a scholarship offered to Mohamed by the Qatar Foundation.

After the incident occurred, Police determined that Mohamed had no malicious intent, and he was not charged with any crime. On November 23, 2015 Ahmed's family threatened to sue the City of Irving and school district for civil rights violations and physical and mental anguish unless they receive a written apology, and compensation of fifteen million dollars.[1][2]

Incident

Background

Photo of Ahmed Mohamed's clock by the Irving Police Department.

At the time of the incident on Monday, September 14, 2015, Mohamed was fourteen years old and a freshman at the high school. In interviews with local media, Mohamed said he wanted to show the engineering teacher at school what he had done over the weekend: take apart a clock and rebuild it inside a pencil case.[3] His father, Mohamed Elhassan Mohamed, said that on Monday morning, September 14, 2015, he drove his son to school and encouraged him to display his technological ability.[4]

In an interview on Al Jazeera's Ali Velshi on Target, Mohamed said the clock was "built from scrap around the house" and that "some of the boards were already manufactured."[5] He told Larry Wilmore on The Nightly Show that it took him "10 or 20 minutes" to put it together and that he has built more complicated items, but that the clock was simple, using some parts that were scrapped off so that it was easier.[6] According to the initial report in The Dallas Morning News, he had done this "before bed on Sunday. [September 13, 2015]"[7]

Ralph Kubiak, Mohamed's seventh-grade history teacher, said that Mohamed was known as an electronics enthusiast with a history of being disciplined for using a handmade remote control to cause a classroom projector to malfunction on command. Mohamed was also noted for making a battery charger to help recharge the cellphone of a school tutor.[8] The Dallas Morning News commented, "[s]ome of these creations looked much like the infamous clock – a mess of wires and exposed circuits stuffed inside a hinged case, perhaps suspicious to some."[9] According to The Guardian, everybody in middle school knew Mohamed as "the kid who makes crazy contraptions", and who fixed electronics classmates brought to him, earning him the nickname "Inventor Kid".[10]

According to The Dallas Morning News, Mohamed's discipline record "was thick by some accounts"; he was suspended for several weeks while in middle school.[9] According to a family friend, one of the suspensions was for blowing soap bubbles in the bathroom, and another time when he reacted to an alleged attack in the school hallway by a schoolmate. During that time, Mohamed "was complaining of bullying – not just by students, but by staff", reportedly for being Muslim. After reviewing a letter of support from the same family friend and meeting with Mohamed, the school principal overturned that suspension.[9]

Clock and arrest

Mohamed brought the clock to school because he "wanted to impress all of his teachers".[5] His engineering teacher, upon seeing the clock said, "That's really nice", but advised him to keep the device in his backpack for the rest of the school day.[7] However, Mohamed later plugged it in during his English class, and set a time on the clock.[5] When its alarm started beeping, the English teacher requested to see it, and said, "Well, it looks like a bomb. Don't show it to anyone else."[4] In an interview posted on KXAS-TV (NBC 5), Mohamed said he "closed it with a cable ... 'cause I didn't want to lock it to make it seem like a threat, so I just used a simple cable so it won't look that much suspicious."[11]

The English teacher confiscated the clock and reported him to the school principal's office, and the police were called. The principal and a police officer then took him out of class and led him to a room where four other officers were waiting.[7] Police indicated that he was interrogated only in order to clarify his intentions when he brought the clock to school.[12] According to Mohamed, he was not allowed to contact his family during the questioning and he was threatened by the principal with being expelled unless he would sign a written statement.[7] After interrogating him for about an hour and a half, he was taken out of the school in handcuffs and into police custody. Following his arrival at a juvenile detention center, Mohamed was fingerprinted, forced to take a mug shot, and further questioned before being released to his parents.[12][13][14][15]

Police determined that he had no malicious intent, and he was not charged with any crime.[12][16] Irving Police Chief Larry Boyd said that "the officers pretty quickly determined that they weren't investigating an explosive device", and that Mohammed was arrested over the prospect that it was a "hoax bomb".[17] Under Texas law, it is illegal to possess a "hoax bomb" with an intent to "make another believe that the hoax bomb is an explosive or incendiary device" or to "cause [an] alarm or reaction of any type by an official of a public safety agency or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies."[18] After releasing Mohamed, police continued to question his clock's purpose, saying, "He kept maintaining it was a clock, but there was no broader explanation."[7][19]

Some of Mohamed's teachers at Sam Houston middle school were surprised to learn that staff at the high school called police, as they have known Mohamed to bring more elaborate gizmos to their school.[9] His supporters have speculated that the questioning and subsequent transfer by police to a juvenile center exemplifies Islamophobia in the United States.[12]

Suspension

Mohamed was suspended from school for three days.[20] MacArthur High School's director of communications said he was welcome to return after his suspension.[21]

School district response

School district spokeswoman Lesley Weaver said, "We are never going to take any chances for any of their safety [...] It doesn't matter what child would have brought a suspicious looking item. We still would have taken the same actions." She further said "If the family is willing to give us written permission, we would be happy to share with the public the other side of the story so they can understand the actions we took."[4]

Irving Mayor response

Irving Mayor Beth Van Duyne defended the actions of the police and the Irving Independent School District, stating that they were following the procedure set when a "potential threat" is discovered.[22] Van Duyne said that from the information she had seen, Mohammed had been "non-responsive" and "passive aggressive" in response to questions from police officers.[23]

Van Duyne said there was one-sided reporting of the interaction between Mohammed and police, saying that they are unable to release records because Mohammed is a juvenile and his family has refused to allow it.[23] According to The Dallas Morning News, Mohamed's family never received the request to release his records, because the school district mailed it to the wrong lawyer; the letter was later sent to the correct attorneys.[24]

Response of Ahmed Mohamed and his family

According to Mohamed, when questioned by the school principal if he tried to make a bomb, he responded, "I told them no, I was trying to make a clock."[25] He also questioned the fairness of the situation "because I brought something to school that wasn't a threat to anyone. I didn't do anything wrong. I just showed my teachers something and I end up being arrested later that day."[4]

On September 18, Mohamed Elhassan Mohamed announced that his son would either be transferring to a private school or be home-schooled.[26] The family has since withdrawn all of its children from schools in the Irving Independent School District, and the father said the recent events emotionally affected his son, who was not eating well and having trouble sleeping. He said, "It's torn the family and makes us very confused."[27] While many schools offered to enroll Mohamed, his father said he wanted to give his son time before making a decision.[27]

The family hired counsel "to pursue Ahmed's legal rights and regain his science project from the Irving Police Department."[28] The police issued a statement saying that they had made the clock available shortly after the incident and were awaiting pick-up by "the student's father, or his designated representative."[29] Mohamed eventually got the clock back from the police.[30]

In October 2015, the family decided to move to Qatar, where Mohamed plans to continue his education in the capital city Doha with a scholarship from the Qatar Foundation for Education[31][32][33] and will attend Doha Academy.[34] Mohamed's uncle said another reason for the family leaving the United States was fear from all the attacks they received, the conspiracy theories, rumors, and unwarranted accusations of terrorist links.[35]

Reactions

President Obama's tweet of support to Ahmed Mohamed

After the initial report in The Dallas Morning News caught his attention, tech blogger Anil Dash created an online form for people to send supportive messages and offer ideas about how to encourage Mohamed. Dash, with more than 500,000 followers on Twitter, was among the earliest to widely publicize the story through social media, and was first to tweet the photo of Mohamed handcuffed, wearing a faded NASA T-shirt. Within hours, the hashtag #IStandWithAhmed began trending on Twitter and Dash had received thousands of responses.[36][37]

According to social analytics site Topsy, close to a million people sent out tweets with the supportive hashtag #IstandwithAhmed in less than 24 hours.[38] Mohamed opened his own Twitter account @IStandWithAhmed in the morning of September 16 and had more than 37,000 followers by the afternoon.[39]

Irving Mayor Beth Van Duyne said that Irving's police chief and other police officers, as well as teachers and school administrators, were receiving death threats as a result of the controversy.[23]

Following the incident, Mohamed received support from President Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Mark Zuckerberg. On Obama's Twitter feed, a post said "Cool clock, Ahmed", and asked "Want to bring it to the White House?" continuing "We should inspire more kids like you to like science. It's what makes America great." Zuckerberg invited Mohamed to Facebook headquarters. Mohamed and his family announced that he was going to the White House for its annual Astronomy Night, where he would have the opportunity to meet other aspiring young scientists.[40][41]

NASA Astronaut John M. Grunsfeld with Ahmed Mohamed at the 2015 White House Astronomy Night.

On October 19, 2015, Mohamed attended White House Astronomy Night event on the South Lawn of the White House and met with President Obama.[42][43][44] The President gave a speech to the audience in attendance at the event, saying: "We have to watch for and cultivate and encourage those glimmers of curiosity and possibility, not suppress them, not squelch them."[44] After his speech, the President talked with Mohamed briefly and hugged him, in addition to looking through a telescope and being placed on a call with the crew of the International Space Station.[44][43]

Google invited Mohamed to attend its science fair, urging him to bring the clock along; when he arrived he "received a warm welcome, touring the booths and taking pictures with finalists."[45][46] Twitter offered him a chance to intern with them.[47] Retired Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield invited Mohamed to his science show in Toronto.[48]

According to Ahmed's father, the family was invited to the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City where, he said, United Nations officials wanted to meet his son.[27] On September 25, 2015, Ahmed met with Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, who was in New York attending UN meetings.[49] He was also invited to the Social Good Summit in New York City,[50] and during his visit, he met with Mayor Bill de Blasio, City Comptroller Scott Stringer, Public Advocate Letitia James, and members of New York City Council[51] on a visit arranged by the NYPD Muslim Officers Society.[52] After meeting Mohamed, Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams tweeted "I'll buy one of his clocks!"[51]

Opinions

Politicians

White House press briefing on Ahmed Mohamed

In a debate among 2016 Republican presidential candidates, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal said that he did not think that a 14-year-old should ever be arrested for bringing a clock to school but defended the police who were "worried about security and safety issues."[53]

Twenty-nine members of the United States Congress, including Asian-American and Muslim members, sent a letter to the U.S. Attorney General at the Department of Justice requesting an investigation on "the civil rights violations that took place during the unjust arrest of Ahmed Mohamed."[54] The letter said "Ahmed was denied his civil rights on numerous occasions as he was consistently refused his right to speak with his father. Texas Family Code clearly states 'a child may not be left unattended in a juvenile processing office and is entitled to be accompanied by the child's parent, guardian, or other custodian or by the child's attorney.' (Section 52.025)"[55] The letter went on to say that reports about the incident suggested "that Ahmed Mohamed was systematically profiled based on his faith and ethnicity both by the Irving Police Department and MacArthur High School".[55]

Letter from 29 members of the Congress to U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch requesting a full investigation into the arrest of Ahmed Mohamed

White House press secretary Josh Earnest said that the incident "is a good illustration of how pernicious stereotypes can prevent even good-hearted people who have dedicated their lives to educating young people from doing the good work that they set out to do", and that Mohamed was invited to the White House South Lawn for Astronomy Night on October 19.[38][56]

Media

Techdirt writer Tim Cushing wrote that the Texas "hoax bomb" law Mohamed was accused under was too loosely worded, as a mere reaction by a public safety official was enough to fall under it (regardless of whether he had intentionally meant to do so), and that it could theoretically apply to other legitimate devices (such as phones and road flares) because they can "cause alarm or reaction of any type" from a public safety officer. At the same time, he wrote that the school itself may have also violated the same law, as they presented the clock to police as potentially being an explosive device.[18]

Rose Hackman of The Guardian stated, "The incident caused international outrage, with critics claiming such drastic treatment would never have occurred had the teenager not been Muslim."[57]

An article on salon.com described the incident as a part of a "school to prison" pipeline. It also made comparisons to various instances of white males perpetrating high school shootings.[58]

Wall Street Journal commentator James Taranto said he believes what happened to Mohamed is not uncommon; he points to a similar story from 2001 in New Jersey, in which Jason Anagnos, a nine-year-old non-Muslim boy, was arrested, charged and convicted for having brought a fake bomb along on a gifted-and-talented class field trip.[59]

George Takei, the Japanese-American actor who played Sulu on Star Trek, wrote an open letter to Mohamed, offering his support and comparing the cause of being taken into custody by police to the same mindset that led to the Japanese internment in the United States during World War II.[60]

Kevin D. Williamson, a correspondent for the conservative magazine National Review, argued that the media was pushing a case for exaggerated Islamophobia, "because it can be used to further a story that the media already want to tell: that the United States is morally corrupt and irredeemably racist; that Muslims are under siege; that white privilege blinds the majority of Americans to the corruption at the heart of everything red, white, and blue", stating we now live in a time of "race-hustling and grievance-mongering." He contrasted the high level of media coverage for the incident with that of a lesser-reported incident involving the arrest of an eighth-grader for refusing to remove a National Rifle Association T-shirt in class.[61]

Hoax allegations and conspiracy theories

The Dallas Morning News referred to some comments that emerged in the aftermath of the incident as conspiracy theories, reporting that most of them "cited no evidence, contradicted each other, or clashed with known facts".[62] Some conservative commentators sought to cast suspicion on Mohamed's family and Muslim groups that supported Mohamed after his detainment, positing that Mohamed planned to provoke his arrest to embarrass police and speculating the incident was a plot orchestrated by Islamist activists.[62]

In a series of posts in Twitter, Richard Dawkins suggested that Mohamed and his family might have staged a hoax. Dawkins noted that the clock components were not a new invention and implied that this meant Mohamed's intention may have been to get arrested. After his opinion was criticized, Dawkins backtracked, conceding that the police were wrong to detain Mohamed and writing, "sorry if I go a bit over the top in my passion for truth."[63][64] Richard Francis of Slate described Dawkins's comments as "punching down" by targeting the victim of the situation. Francis also said that "this isn't the first time Dawkins has chosen the wrong end of a controversy", noting Dawkins's history of comments critical of Muslims.[65]

After reviewing these theories, The Dallas Morning News wrote: "No theory that The News has reviewed cites any evidence that Ahmed, who routinely brought electronic creations to his middle school and said he wanted to impress high school teachers, planned to get handcuffed and hit the news" and reported that "a police 'investigation determined the student apparently did not intend to cause alarm bringing the device to school'."[62] Slate observed that at no point did officials exhibit any concern that the clock was dangerous.[65]

Others

Tweet in support of Mohammed from the NASA Twitter account

Terri Burke, Executive Director of the ACLU of Texas, stated, "Islamophobia, and probably racism, certainly played a role in Ahmed's ordeal, but the fact is overzealous administrators, zero-tolerance policies, and law enforcement officers ill-equipped to deal with schoolchildren have compromised educational environments throughout the country. [...] Ahmed suffered through a terrifying, traumatizing, and unjust ordeal. Yet because of the mass exposure of what he endured, he's received invitations to the White House, Facebook headquarters, and the Google science fair. [...] For too many others – the ones whose stories won't go viral – the possibility of the American nightmare remains too real."[66]

Bill Maher, who hosts HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, said on the program that Mohamed deserves an apology but that his clock "looks exactly like a fucking bomb."[67][68]

In Pakistan, Danish Ali created a video in which Muslims thank the world for allowing them to take their unwieldy appliances, like large clocks and panini sandwich presses, with them in public.[69]

According to an article in The New York Observer, the widely circulated photograph of Ahmed in handcuffs wearing a NASA T-shirt has brought attention to the topic of STEM education (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) in America. "And now, children will be inspired to study STEM thanks to Ahmed's continued interest in it beyond all odds."[70]

References

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  32. ^ Lisa Maria Garza; Jon Herskovitz (October 20, 2015). Peter Cooney (ed.). "Texas teen arrested over clock is moving to Qatar with his family". News. Yahoo!. Reuters. Retrieved October 21, 2015. Ahmed Mohamed ... has accepted an offer from the Qatar Foundation to study at its Young Innovators Program. 'This means, that we, as a family, will relocate to Qatar where Ahmed will receive a full scholarship for secondary and undergraduate education,' his family said in a statement
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  68. ^ Jessie Schiewe (September 19, 2015). "Bill Maher Does Not Stand With Ahmed Mohamed". Yahoo! News. Complex Media. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
  69. ^ Carol Hills (September 25, 2015). "'Thank you so much for giving us Muslims the freedom to take our giant cumbersome clocks to school'". The World. Public Radio International. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  70. ^ Seemangal, Robin (September 28, 2015). "NASA Is the Unlikeliest 'Design Firm' in Human History". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015. Earlier this month, a young maker named Ahmed Mohamed was arrested while wearing a NASA t-shirt after bringing a homemade clock to his high school. Photographs of Ahmed in handcuffs circulated around the globe along with the space agency's logo creating a new context for its design and purpose. ...Ahmed, and the NASA logo, have catapulted the topic of STEM education in America back into the spotlight. And now, children will be inspired to study STEM thanks to Ahmed's continued interest in it beyond all odds.
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