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Siege of Marawi

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Marawi crisis
Part of the Moro conflict

Location of Marawi in Lanao del Sur, on the island of Mindanao
DateMay 23, 2017 (2017-05-23) – present
(7 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)
Location
Marawi, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
Status

Ongoing

Belligerents
 Philippines
MNLF		 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Commanders and leaders
Philippines Rodrigo Duterte
(President of the Philippines)
Philippines Delfin Lorenzana
Philippines Eduardo Año
Philippines Ronald dela Rosa		 Isnilon Hapilon
(Abu Sayyaf commander)
Omar and Abdullah Maute
(Maute group commanders)
Units involved

Armed Forces of the Philippines

Philippine National Police

Wilayat East Asia

Strength
Unknown 100+ in Marawi[1]
~500 at Camp Ranao[2]
Casualties and losses
20 killed,[3]
61 wounded[4]		 61 killed[3]
24 civilians killed[3]

The Marawi crisis, also known as the Marawi clash[5][6] and the Battle of Marawi, is an ongoing armed conflict in Marawi, Lanao del Sur between Philippine government security forces and militants of the Maute and Abu Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups that started on 23 May 2017.[7]

The Philippine government claims that the clashes began when they launched an offensive in the city to capture Isnilon Hapilon, leader of the Abu Sayyaf, after receiving reports that Hapilon was in the city, possibly to meet with militants of the Maute group.[8][9] A deadly firefight erupted when Hapilon's forces opened fire at the combined Army and police teams and called for reinforcements from the Maute group, an armed group that has pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and who are believed to be responsible for the 2016 Davao City bombing, according to military spokesmen.[10]

Maute group militants attacked Camp Ranao and occupied several buildings in the city, including Marawi City Hall, Mindanao State University, a hospital and the city jail.[10] They also occupied the main street and set fire to Saint Mary's Church, Ninoy Aquino School, and Dansalan College, run by the United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP).[8][11] The group also attacked the Marawi Cathedral taking a priest and several churchgoers hostage.[12]

On 26 May 2017, the Armed Forces of the Philippines confirmed that foreign terrorists are fighting alongside the Maute group in Marawi and that their main objective is to raise an ISIS flag at the Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol and declare a wilayat or provincial ISIS territory in Lanao del Sur.[13][14]

Background

General background

The Maute group has established a stronghold in Lanao del Sur since February 2016 and is blamed for the 2016 Davao City bombing and two attacks in Butig, Lanao del Sur, a town located south of Marawi, in 2016.[15] Since the militant group's founding in 2013, the Philippine government has downplayed the threat of ISIS in the Philippines.[16] Following the February 2016 Butig clash with the Maute group, then-President Benigno Aquino III said the Islamic State has no presence in the country and that the militant group was only composed of mercenaries trying to make their presence felt in order for them to attract attention from ISIS supporters in the Middle East.[17]

However, by November 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte had confirmed the Maute's links with the Islamic State group although the Philippine military maintained that ISIS has not established links in the Philippines.[15] Amidst fierce fighting in Butig on November 30, 2016, Duterte, in a command briefing in Lanao del Sur, left a warning to the Maute group: "Ayaw ko makipag-away sa inyo. Ayaw ko makipag-patayan, (I do not want to fight you. I don't want to engage in killing each other) but please, do not force my hand. I cannot be forever traveling here every month para lang makipag-usap (just to talk), at pagtalikod ko patayan nanaman (and when I turn around, killing again). I do not want to mention anything, but please do not force my hand into it."[18][19]

On December 2, 2016, as the military regained control of Butig, the retreating Maute fighters reportedly left a note threatening to behead Duterte and the military.[20] On December 12, 2016, in a speech before the Wallace Business Forum Dinner, Duterte dared the Maute group to attack Marawi, stating: "Because they (the Maute group) threatened to go down from the mountains to burn down Marawi? Go ahead, be my guest. We will wait for you there. Walang problema (No problem)."[21][22]

From April–May 2017, the Abu Sayyaf, blamed for deadly bombings and kidnappings in the past and which has also pledged allegiance to the Islamic State movement, figured in clashes with Philippine security forces in Bohol which resulted in the deaths of at least 4 government forces.[23]

Prelude to battle

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) stated that the fighting in Marawi was due to an operation conducted by the military in coordination with the Philippine National Police, contrary to earlier reports that the clash was initiated by the militant groups. Government security forces received reports that a group of Abu Sayyaf fighters led by Isnilon Hapilon were in Marawi to possibly meet with their Maute group counterparts.[9] The US Department of Justice has listed Hapilon as among the world's most wanted terrorists with a reward of up to US$5 million for his capture.[7]

Residents of Marawi reported the presence of an armed group within their locale and after the AFP verified the information, the military launched a "surgical operation".[9]

Timeline of crisis

May 23

Marawi, the site of the crisis

Firefights between government forces and militants began at approximately 2:00 in the afternoon of May 23, 2017. The Peace and Conflict Journalism Network reported that the clash occurred in the Basak Malutlut area of the city as Hapilon's forces called for reinforcement from the Maute group. Maute fighters occupied the Amai Pakpak Hospital and ordered the PhilHealth employees out of the facility.[9] The fighters allegedly replaced the Philippine flag hoisted in the hospital with the Black Standard used by the Islamic State group.[24] A staff member of the hospital has later denied that this happened.[25]

The 103rd Brigade of the Philippine Army stationed at Camp Ranao was attacked by at least 500 Maute group militants.[24] A number of militants were then seen waving their ISIS black flags as they roamed the streets of Marawi.[26]

The whole city was put on lockdown as several buildings and houses were set ablaze by members of the Maute group.[7] Dozens of gunmen occupied the Marawi City Hall as 107 inmates escaped from the Marawi City Jail and the Malabang District Jail 39 after the Maute attacks.[7] Power and communication lines were also shut down due to the continued hostilities.[27] Roads leading to Marawi were blocked by both government security forces and Maute militants.[9]

Civilians were reported to have been abducted by the Maute group, including a priest and several parishioners of the Cathedral of Our Lady Help of Christians as the group demanded that the government stop its offensive against them.[28]

The clashes sparked a mass evacuation of the city with residents fleeing by the thousands, causing traffic congestion on the highway to Iligan and Cagayan de Oro.[29] At least eleven civilians have been killed in the ongoing firefight, two of which the Lanao del Sur Provincial Disaster Office identified as ambulance drivers who were stopped by Maute militants while responding to an emergency call.[30][31] Nine of those civilians were on board a truck when they were stopped by Maute militants at a checkpoint and shot dead with their hands tied.[32][33] A police officer was also reported to have been beheaded by the militants.[30]

May 24

On May 24, additional government forces arrived at the Laguindingan Airport as the military regained control of the Amai Pakpak Hospital.[31] 120 civilians used as a human shield by the Maute group were rescued from the hospital.[7] Government troops also rescued Wednesday at least 42 teachers who were trapped inside a building during an attack by Maute terrorists.[6] The Philippine military has also recaptured the city hall and the Mindanao State University.[34]

May 25

On May 25, fresh fighting took place near the Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol in the Marawi city center.[34] Black-clad Maute and Abu Sayyaf militants were still spotted in the city's major roads and bridges. The militants also reportedly took control of the Lanao del Sur Electric Cooperative in Gadungan village.[34] The AFP said there were still 30 to 40 remaining members of the Maute group in the city and that Isnilon Hapilon remained in Marawi.[35] The Philippine military launched surgical air strikes in three villages where remnants of the group have been spotted.[35]

Reports came in that two Malaysian terrorists who were with Isnilon Hapilon in Marawi to push for the creation of the Islamic State in Southeast Asia were among those militants killed late Thursday. Intelligence sources also said that an Indonesian and a Saudi Arabian linked to ISIS were also killed in skirmishes in the city.[36] The AFP said that 26 members of the Maute group have been killed, leaving the remaining terrorists in the area at around 25. Herrera also said 39 members of the government forces have been wounded in action.[37]

May 26

At a press briefing in Davao City, AFP Spokesperson Brig. Gen. Restituto Padilla confirmed that foreign terrorists are fighting alongside the Maute group in Marawi.[13] He said that of the 12 members of the Maute group killed during the latest firefight, 6 of them were foreigners. Padilla identified the foreign militants as Malaysians, Indonesian, Singaporean and another nationality.[13][38]

Amid continuing operations against the terror groups, several houses, including the residence of Lanao del Sur Representative Jun Papandayan, were seen burning as residents also reported seeing civilians killed after the military dropped bombs on Maute positions. Sources said the houses were targeted because of the presence of Maute snipers.[39]

The military said that no civilians have been confirmed killed in air strikes, and that limited payload rockets were used to neutralize Maute sniper positions.[40] According to AFP Western Mindanao Command chief Lt. Gen. Carlito Galvez Jr., the burning of houses were done on purpose by the Maute to overrun the soldiers' positions, and that air strikes are being used to bring normalcy soonest and to prevent casualties reaching to a hundred.[40]

As of May 26, 2017, the priest Fr. Chito Suganob and his companions who were taken hostage by the Maute group on Day 1 of the clashes, were still being held by the group according to Marawi bishop Edwin de la Peña.[41]

May 27

Refugees from Marawi staying in Iligan.

The Philippine military vows no-let up on air strikes despite the start of Ramadan as they continued to pound enemy positions in Marawi.[42] 1st Infantry Division spokesman Lt. Col. Jo-Ar Herrera said the Philippine military has identified where the militants are consolidating and that they are conducting surgical air strikes to destroy the terror group. Truckloads of additional marines were also seen driving into Marawi.[42]

The military troops and Special Action Force continued on their clearing operations by checking each house and building in the city's downtown area.[43] In the conduct of the operations on Saturday, troops have encountered child warriors as young as 10 years old armed with M-16 rifles being used by the Maute group.[43]

By May 27, 90 percent of Marawi's population of more than 200,000 people has been evacuated to neutral grounds, particularly in Iligan.[44]

May 28

The regional military spokesman Jo-Ar Herrera reported that the militants had killed 19 civilians in the majority-Muslim city of Marawi, including three women and a child who were found dead near a university. An Agence France-Presse report also said another 8 civilians were found dead by a road in the outskirts of Marawi on Sunday, with local residents identifying them as employees of a medical college and a rice mill or bakery.[45] A Reuters report identified the victims as local carpenters who were part of an evacuation convoy; the militants stopped the convoy and then massacred those who could not recite verses from the Quran.[46] A signed note was found attached to one of them, the author indicating that the victims had "betrayed their faith".[47] According to a CNN Philippines report, witnesses said the victims were asked to recite Muslim prayers and those who failed were taken by the armed men.[48] Authorities said that 2,000 civilians remained trapped in areas controlled by the militants who refused to surrender.[49]

Reports came in that 28 Malaysians had joined the Maute group. Citing intelligence sources in Manila, a Malaysian newspaper reported that the Malaysians arrived early last week supposedly for a religious event and may have also taken up arms, a conclusion they arrived at after 2 Malaysians were killed in firefights.[50] The ongoing clash also raised concerns in Jakarta that extremist groups in Indonesia could be drawn to join the fight in Marawi as well.[51]

Malacañang Palace Communications Secretary Martin Andanar appealed for foreign support in fighting the extremist groups in southern Philippines. In an interview with China Central Television, Andanar said "We need support, be that economic support, ideological support to fight the ISIS. Now, it is an international issue. We are doing our best to contain the ISIS and to stop it from spreading in the country."[52]

May 29

The death toll in Marawi has reached 100, the Philippine military confirmed Monday, including 19 civilians and 61 militants.[53][47] The military has also retaken most of Marawi previously occupied by the extremist groups. Presidential Spokesperson Ernesto Abella said Monday that only small areas in the city remained under militants' control.[54] Also on Monday, the Philippine military reported that the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters from neighboring Maguindanao have joined the Maute and Abu Sayyaf groups in Marawi and that the Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon remained holed up in the city.[55]

Amid continuing air strikes and as the militants fought government forces Monday, 14 hostages managed to escape their Maute captors.[56] In an interview with CNN Philippines, the hostage survivors said they took advantage of the military offensive but one of them drowned while trying to cross a river earlier to get to government troops. They said they were a group of 20 men who were abducted by 20 armed militants on May 27 in Mapandi village while they were trying to evacuate. They also said they were forced to record a video to appeal to President Duterte that if the government does not heed their demands, they would be beheaded. A few were able to escape earlier but one of them was beheaded right in front of them on Sunday they said.[56]

Government response

Duterte briefs the 2nd Mechanized Infantry Brigade in Iligan.
See also: Proclamation No. 216

Following the clash, President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao at 10:00 in the evening (UTC+8) of 23 May 2017. As per the 1987 Constitution, the state of martial law will initially last for 60 days. President Duterte also decided to shorten his diplomatic visit to Russia.[57]

Vice President Leni Robredo called for unity as government troops continue to engage in a firefight against a local terrorist group in Marawi[58] and started organizing donations[59][60] and directing relief operations for the victims.[61]

Several checkpoints have been made on Sunday, May 28, 2017, throughout the entire Metro Manila area. A security message that was issued tells its citizens of possible checkpoints in the National Capital Region.[62]

Casualties

As of May 29, 2017, the casualties reported are as follows:[63]

The police chief of Malabang, Romeo Enriquez, who was cited by President Duterte as beheaded[74] in his speech on May 24, 2017 as one of the basis for his declaration of martial law the day before, was found later to be still alive.[70][75][76] The police officer killed was later identified by the ARMM PNP as Senior Inspector Freddie Solar, a former police chief of Malabang and member of the Drug Enforcement Unit of the Lanao del Sur Provincial Police.[77]

Reaction

See also: Reactions to the Declaration of Martial Law in Mindanao

International

China[78] Russia[79] and the United States[80] expressed support for the security efforts of the Philippine Government, with Russian President Vladimir Putin also expressing condolence to the victims of the crisis.[79]

Malaysia began to tighten its border with the Philippines shortly after the President announced martial law.[81] while the United Kingdom warned its citizens to avoid traveling to western Mindanao.[82] Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak also announced that his government would offer support to Philippine forces.[83]

Religious sectors

The President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, Socrates Villegas, on Wednesday, May 24, asked for prayers after Maute militants took a priest and some parishioners hostage in Marawi. The CBCP President also asked the government forces to "make the safety of the hostages a primordial consideration" while ensuring that the law is upheld.[84]

The Philippine Center for Islam and Democracy condemned the acts of the militant groups saying that their acts were contrary to the teachings of Islam. The Muslim group noted that the incident occurred at the time when Muslims were preparing for Ramadan, which according to them made the acts of the militants more heinous.[85]

Social media

Reactions to the declaration of martial law were mixed on social media.[86] Prayers flooded social media amid reports of local terror group Maute's takeover and burning of public and private facilities in Marawi, Tuesday afternoon with the hashtag #PrayForMarawi trending on social media.[87] Amidst unconfirmed reports of beheading and kidnapping, PNP spokesman Dionardo Carlos appealed in a press briefing addressed to the public to limit "to what they know what they see" in making posts relevant to the Marawi incident in social media.[88] Numerous Filipino TV personalities have expressed their reactions to the ongoing clash between the government forces and the Maute terror groups in Mindanao. Some Pinoy celebrities also called for unity despite the division in political alliances.[89]

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