2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season: Difference between revisions

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On September 10 of 18:00 UTC, the JTWC spotted an area of convection formed {{cvt|489|nmi}} from [[Chennai, India]]. The JTWC gave a medium chance of formation because of presence of moderate wind shear.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|type=|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-09-10-1850-abioweb.txt}}</ref> At 06:00 UTC the next day, under the influence of a cyclonic circulation which persisted the previous day, a low pressure area had formed over east{{snd}}central Bay of Bengal, according to the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_5dbc0a_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2011.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea)|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 11, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911074305/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_2110a4_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2011.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/5/5_21eedc_gmdss.pdf|title=GMDSSS Bulletin for Met. Area VIII (N), North of Equator Valid for 24/48 hours from 09:00 UTC of September 10|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021}}</ref> On September 12, the IMD upgraded the system to a well-marked low pressure area,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_fdafe9_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea)|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 12, 2021|access-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912075721/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_fdafe9_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref> which was followed by the JTWC issuing a TCFA for the system because of weakening vertical wind shear.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|type=tcfa|designation=95B|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io9521web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-09-12-0720-io9521web.txt}}</ref> At 15:00 UTC, the well-marked low pressure was upgraded to a Depression, as it developed a defined cyclonic circulation or [[vortex]]. Favorable conditions like warm sea-surface temperatures, low to moderate wind shear and a strong Madden–Julian Oscillation also supported the intensification of the system. The IMD designated the system as ''BOB 03''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_f53acc_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%201200%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) issued at 1500 UTC of 12.09.2021 based on 1200 UTC of 12.09.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=R.K Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 12, 2021|access-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912173117/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_f53acc_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%201200%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_2b55d4_satbltn.pdf|title=Satellite Bulletin based on INSAT 3D Picture of 121500 UTC|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 12, 2021|access-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912173613/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_2b55d4_satbltn.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref> At 03:00 UTC the next day, the system further intensified into a Deep Depression, as satellite imagery showed that its cyclonic vortex had further organized from the previous day. Similar conditions prevailed, which helped in the intensification of the system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_10b104_satbltn.pdf|title=Satellite Bulletin based on INSAT 3D Picture of 130000 UTC|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 13, 2021|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913071227/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_10b104_satbltn.pdf|archive-date=September 13, 2021}}</ref> despite it already having made landfall near [[Chandali|Chandbali, Odisha]] between 00:00 UTC and 01:00 UTC.<ref name=TWB-at-1500-UTC>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_62317f_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20%20based%20on%20%200000%20UTC%20of%2013.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) issued at 0300 UTC of 13.09.2021 based on 0000 UTC of 13.09.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=Shashi Kant|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 13, 2021|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913070548/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_62317f_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20%20based%20on%20%200000%20UTC%20of%2013.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 13, 2021}}</ref> At 06:30 UTC, the JTWC cancelled its TCFA as its center went over land which diminished the chance of intensification, despite favorable conditions.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=September 13, 2021|type=tcfa|designation=95B|cancelled=1|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io9521web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-09-13-0620-io9521web.txt}}</ref>
On September 10 of 18:00 UTC, the JTWC spotted an area of convection formed {{cvt|489|nmi}} from [[Chennai, India]]. The JTWC gave a medium chance of formation because of presence of moderate wind shear.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|type=|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-09-10-1850-abioweb.txt}}</ref> At 06:00 UTC the next day, under the influence of a cyclonic circulation which persisted the previous day, a low pressure area had formed over east{{snd}}central Bay of Bengal, according to the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_5dbc0a_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2011.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea)|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 11, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911074305/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_2110a4_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2011.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/5/5_21eedc_gmdss.pdf|title=GMDSSS Bulletin for Met. Area VIII (N), North of Equator Valid for 24/48 hours from 09:00 UTC of September 10|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021}}</ref> On September 12, the IMD upgraded the system to a well-marked low pressure area,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_fdafe9_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea)|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 12, 2021|access-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912075721/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_fdafe9_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%200300%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref> which was followed by the JTWC issuing a TCFA for the system because of weakening vertical wind shear.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=September 10, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2021|type=tcfa|designation=95B|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io9521web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-09-12-0720-io9521web.txt}}</ref> At 15:00 UTC, the well-marked low pressure was upgraded to a Depression, as it developed a defined cyclonic circulation or [[vortex]]. Favorable conditions like warm sea-surface temperatures, low to moderate wind shear and a strong Madden–Julian Oscillation also supported the intensification of the system. The IMD designated the system as ''BOB 03''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_f53acc_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%201200%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) issued at 1500 UTC of 12.09.2021 based on 1200 UTC of 12.09.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=R.K Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 12, 2021|access-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912173117/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_f53acc_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%20%201200%20UTC%20of%2012.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_2b55d4_satbltn.pdf|title=Satellite Bulletin based on INSAT 3D Picture of 121500 UTC|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 12, 2021|access-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912173613/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_2b55d4_satbltn.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref> At 03:00 UTC the next day, the system further intensified into a Deep Depression, as satellite imagery showed that its cyclonic vortex had further organized from the previous day. Similar conditions prevailed, which helped in the intensification of the system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_10b104_satbltn.pdf|title=Satellite Bulletin based on INSAT 3D Picture of 130000 UTC|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 13, 2021|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913071227/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_10b104_satbltn.pdf|archive-date=September 13, 2021}}</ref> despite it already having made landfall near [[Chandali|Chandbali, Odisha]] between 00:00 UTC and 01:00 UTC.<ref name=TWB-at-1500-UTC>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_62317f_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20%20based%20on%20%200000%20UTC%20of%2013.09.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) issued at 0300 UTC of 13.09.2021 based on 0000 UTC of 13.09.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=Shashi Kant|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=September 13, 2021|access-date=September 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913070548/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_62317f_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20%20based%20on%20%200000%20UTC%20of%2013.09.2021.pdf|archive-date=September 13, 2021}}</ref> At 06:30 UTC, the JTWC cancelled its TCFA as its center went over land which diminished the chance of intensification, despite favorable conditions.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=September 13, 2021|type=tcfa|designation=95B|cancelled=1|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io9521web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-09-13-0620-io9521web.txt}}</ref>
It caused a record breaking Rainfall in Odisha with some places near landspot reporting above 500 mm rainfall.
It caused a record breaking Rainfall in Odisha with some places near landspot reporting above 500 mm rainfall. Three deaths have been reported till now.
{{clr}}
{{clr}}


Revision as of 11:15, 13 September 2021

2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedApril 2, 2021
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameTauktae
 • Maximum winds185 km/h (115 mph)
(3-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure950 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Depressions4
Deep depressions3
Cyclonic storms2
Severe cyclonic storms2
Very severe cyclonic storms2
Extremely severe cyclonic storms1
Total fatalities194 total
Total damage$4.94 billion (2021 USD)
Related articles
North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

The 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, peaking between May to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.

The season began on April 2, when a depression designated as BOB 01 was formed in the north Andaman Sea and quickly made landfall in Myanmar. The basin remained quiet for over a month before Cyclone Tauktae formed. It rapidly intensified into a extremely severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in Gujarat, become the strongest storm ever to strike that state since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone. Later that month, BOB 02 formed and later strengthened into Cyclone Yaas. Yaas rapidly intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in northwestern Odisha. As of May 2021, the strongest tropical cyclone is Cyclone Tauktae, with maximum wind speeds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg).

The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. On average, four to six cyclonic storms form in this basin every season.[1]

Season summary

Cyclone YaasCyclone Tauktae

No systems formed in the basin until April 2, when a depression near the Myanmar coast in the North Andaman Sea formed, however it dissipated the next day. It was considered rare since the storm formation usually begins from mid-April to May. After a month of inactivity, another depression formed off the coasts of Kerala and Lakshadweep. It intensified into a deep depression on the same day and later into a cyclonic storm, being assigned the name Tauktae by the IMD. It continued intensifying, and on May 17, Tauktae peaked as an extremely severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in Gujarat hours later, dissipating on May 19. A few days after Tauktae dissipated, a depression formed in the Bay of Bengal on May 23. It intensified gradually to a cyclonic storm and assigned the name Yaas. It further intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm on May 25 and made landfall in the state of Odisha by the next day, becoming the second cyclone to hit the nation within a span of ten days. After a long gap of three and a half months, a depression formed in the Bay of Bengal on September 12.

Systems

Depression BOB 01

Depression (IMD)
 
DurationApril 2 – April 3
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

A cyclonic circulation formed on March 26 over the southeast Bay of Bengal. The strong pulse of the Madden–Julian oscillation, high Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential, moderate sea surface temperatures up to 29–30 °C (84–86 °F), and moderate wind shear, caused the system intensify into a low-pressure area on March 31. An anticyclonic circulation in southeast Asia and an upper tropospheric ridge in the westerlies caused the system to move north-northeastwards. These conditions influenced the system and its intensification as it became a well-marked low-pressure area on April 1 at 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST), and later becoming a depression on April 2 at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST). Satellite imagery revealed that during its intensification, the clouds of the system organised and developed a low-level circulation center with intense to very intense convection at its center. It continued to maintain its intensity, however, at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) on April 3, vertical wind shear increased, causing the system to weaken slightly and the system's clouds to become disorganised, however, a scatterometer pass revealed that it still maintained its intensity. On April 3, at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST), the clouds further became disorganised, while maintaining its low-level circulation. The system continued to weaken under similar unfavourable conditions with further disorganising of clouds, and at 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST), the system was downgraded to a well-marked low-pressure area, with the system barely having a circulation.[2]

The influence of the system caused light to moderate rainfall in most places of Andaman Islands and heavy rainfall in few places. The system's remnant low caused isolated rainfall over the Myanmar coast. Estimated winds of up to 40 to 50 km/h (25 to 30 mph) gusting up to 60 km/h (35 mph) were recorded on the island.[2] The first tropical depression of the basin, it was also a rare disturbance since it formed in early April while the most cyclogenesis occurs during mid-April or throughout May.[2]

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Tauktae

Main article: Cyclone Tauktae
Extremely severe cyclonic storm (IMD)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 14 – May 19
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (3-min);
950 hPa (mbar)

On May 14, a depression formed in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Kerala.[3] The JTWC began monitoring the depression, and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 01A.[4] The system gradually intensified, before intensifying into a Deep Depression by 12:00 UTC (17:30 IST) that day.[5] Around 18:00 UTC (23:30 IST) that day, the system intensified into a Cyclonic Storm, and it was given the name Tauktae by the IMD.[6][7] The name Tauktae was contributed to the naming list by Myanmar, and it means gecko in the Burmese language.[8] It later intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm at 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) in May 15.[9] It was record as it became a depression a severe cyclonic storm in span of two days. Usually it takes four to five days to do that.[10] Three hours later, the JTWC upgraded Tauktae to a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale.[11] Tauktae further intensified into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) May 16.[12] At 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST) that day, the JTWC upgraded the storm further to a Category 2 tropical cyclone.[13] INSAT imagery showed that the cyclone had developed an eye by 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST).[14] However, the eye had started to degrade by 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST), according to INSAT imagery, and remained ragged for the rest of the storm's lifetime.[15]

At 03:00 UTC on May 17, Tauktae intensified into an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm on 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) of May 17,[16] which was unexpected since many forecaster predicted that it would be a very severe cyclonic storm.[17] The JTWC upgraded Tauktae to a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone soon afterward.[18] However, Tauktae quickly weakened into a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone later that day.[19] The cyclone made landfall in the region of Saurashtra between Diu and Una at around 15:30 UTC (21:00 IST). After landfall, Tauktae weakened to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. Wind speeds of approximately 150 to 175 km/h (93 to 109 mph) were recorded at the district of Diu in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. It became one of strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the Indian state of Gujarat since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone.[20][21] Meanwhile, the JTWC issued their last tropical cyclone warning on the storm at 21:00 UTC (02:30 IST) on May 17.[22] The weakening trend although slower than usual due to the brown ocean effect mostly because of the influence of a western disturbance, which continued as it moved further inland until 14:00 UTC (19:30 IST) on May 19, when it was downgraded to a well-marked low pressure area over Eastern Rajasthan and adjoining west Madhya Pradesh, later dissipating.[23][24] The combination of a western disturbance and the remnants of Cyclone Tauktae have also caused heavy rainfall in Northwestern India.[25]

A total of 174 people were confirmed to have been killed by the storm, and 81 others are still missing. Estimated losses from Tauktae are ₹15,000 crore (US$2.1 billion).[26][27][28] Heavy rainfall was reported over areas of Kerala,[29] causing flash floods and waterlogging soil;[30] fishing was temporarily banned in the area due to rough seas.[31] Parts of Kerala and Lakshadweep were placed under a red alert on May 14.[32] The second state experienced heavy rainfall as the cyclone tracked west of the Indian coast. In Chellanan, a village in Ernakulam district, homes were submerged underwater due to unexpected rain and coastal erosion. The administration opened up a relief camp at the local St. Mary's School for the inhabitants of low-lying areas. Due to the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, isolated testing facilities were arranged.[33] The most severe effects of Cyclone Tauktae occurred in the states of Maharashtra and Saurashtra in Gujarat. The city of Mumbai experienced heavy rainfall, very strong trees and waves crashed the shores. Trees were uprooted and streets were waterlogged. It was the strongest cyclone since Cyclone Nisarga in 2020.[34] As a precaution, flight operations at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport were temporarily halted before resuming hours later.[35] The cyclone also affected neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Maldives and Sri Lanka.[36] In the Sindh province of Pakistan, four people died due to a roof collapse caused by strong winds.[37][38]

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Yaas

Main article: Cyclone Yaas
Very severe cyclonic storm (IMD)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 23 – May 28
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (3-min);
970 hPa (mbar)

On May 22, a low-pressure area formed in the Bay of Bengal. On the next day, at 09:30 UTC (15:00 IST), the disturbance organised into a Depression, and was assigned the designation BOB 02 by the IMD.[39] Later that day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system.[40] The storm subsequently intensified into a Deep Depression at 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) on May 23.[41] Several hours later, the storm further intensified into a Cyclonic Storm at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) on May 24, and was given the name Yaas by the IMD.[42] The name Yaas was provided by Oman, and it means "a Jasmin-like tree", which has good fragrance in Persian.[8] In Arabic, the name Yaas is known as despair or desperation.[43] Meanwhile, JTWC designated as Tropical Cyclone 02B.[44] On May 24, at 18:00 UTC (23:30 IST) it rapidly intensified into a severe cyclonic storm,[45] then becoming a very severe cyclonic storm on 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) of May 25 despite being present in moderate to high easterly wind shear.[46] Meanwhile, JTWC upgraded it into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) of the same day.[47] The cyclone made landfall north of Dhamra Port and south of Bahanaga at around 03:30 UTC (09:00 IST) in May 26.[48] The process completed at around 05:30 UTC (11:00 IST ), with estimated winds up to 130 to 140 km/h (80 to 85 mph). Storm surge caused most of the damage in south Bengal and northwestern Odisha.[49] After landfall it started to weaken rapidly into a severe cyclonic storm then into a cyclonic storm.[50] As it moved further inland towards Nepal, IMD discontinuing advisories for Cyclone Yaas, as it became a well marked low pressure on 00:00 UTC (05:00 IST) of May 28.[51] JTWC later issued their last warning at 09:00 UTC (11:30 IST) in May 26, stating that it rapidly weakened into a tropical storm after landfall.[52] The remnant of Cyclone Yaas continued moving north-northwestwards and impacted Bihar, Jharkhand and eastern Uttar Pradesh. Heavy rainfall and gusty winds were reported in these areas.[53][54][55] The cyclone also helped the monsoon to strengthen over the Bay of Bengal, after Tauktae disrupted it on May 15.[56]

Eleven people had been reported dead due to Cyclone Yaas. Of them, two died in a tornado outbreak which struck West Bengal's Hooghly District and North 24 Paraganas, according to Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. At least 80 homes had been damaged.[57] Another died as a tree fell onto him, and a teen was found dead in a river. Two farmers had also died after being struck by lightning, and an elderly woman was trapped in a collapsed house, eventually dying there. Two individuals were killed as they were crushed by uprooted trees while in Jharkhand, two more people were found dead in a collapsed house on May 27. estimated the total damages in West Bengal from the system to be at ₹20 thousand crore (US$2.76 billion).[58] The most affected states are West Bengal and Odisha. At least 10 million people were affected and 300,000 houses were damaged. Most them were caused by storm surge, high astronomical tides and broken embankments. The West Bengal Government verified that 134 embankments has been damaged. At least two million people were evacuated in the states of West Bengal, Odisha and Jharkhand.[59] Towns of Frazerganj, Bakkhali, Sundarban, Kakdwip, Namkhana, Ganga Sagar and Gosaba were flooded by seawater.[60] As a precautionary measure, airports of Bhubaneswar, Jharsuguda, Kolkata, Rourkela and Durgapur were closed temporarily until May 27.[61] Cyclone Yaas generated high waves and storm surge which crashed the coastal beaches of Digha and Mandarmoni. The concrete embankments broke and seawater flooded the entire Digha—Mandarmoni Belt.[62] Because of big wind field of Cyclone Yaas, Kolkata experienced powerful gusty winds, Alipore Meteorological Department recorded 62 km/h (39 mph) winds.[63] Minimal damage was reported, however high tides caused the Hooghly River to flood neighboring banks like Kalighat, Howrah and Chelta.[64] The cyclone also affected Nepal and Bangladesh.[65][66] The remnants of Cyclone Yaas made landfall in Nepal and triggered heavy rainfall.[65] Meanwhile, Bangladesh experienced high tide and storm surge which flooded many villages.[66]

Deep Depression BOB 03

Deep depression (IMD)
 
DurationSeptember 12 – present
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

On September 10 of 18:00 UTC, the JTWC spotted an area of convection formed 489 nmi (906 km; 563 mi) from Chennai, India. The JTWC gave a medium chance of formation because of presence of moderate wind shear.[67] At 06:00 UTC the next day, under the influence of a cyclonic circulation which persisted the previous day, a low pressure area had formed over east – central Bay of Bengal, according to the IMD.[68][69] On September 12, the IMD upgraded the system to a well-marked low pressure area,[70] which was followed by the JTWC issuing a TCFA for the system because of weakening vertical wind shear.[71] At 15:00 UTC, the well-marked low pressure was upgraded to a Depression, as it developed a defined cyclonic circulation or vortex. Favorable conditions like warm sea-surface temperatures, low to moderate wind shear and a strong Madden–Julian Oscillation also supported the intensification of the system. The IMD designated the system as BOB 03.[72][73] At 03:00 UTC the next day, the system further intensified into a Deep Depression, as satellite imagery showed that its cyclonic vortex had further organized from the previous day. Similar conditions prevailed, which helped in the intensification of the system.[74] despite it already having made landfall near Chandbali, Odisha between 00:00 UTC and 01:00 UTC.[75] At 06:30 UTC, the JTWC cancelled its TCFA as its center went over land which diminished the chance of intensification, despite favorable conditions.[76] It caused a record breaking Rainfall in Odisha with some places near landspot reporting above 500 mm rainfall. Three deaths have been reported till now.

Storm names

Within this basin, a tropical cyclone is assigned a name when it is judged to have reached cyclonic storm intensity with winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The names were selected by a new list from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in New Delhi by mid year of 2020. There is no retirement of tropical cyclone names in this basin as the list of names is only scheduled to be used once before a new list of names is drawn up. Should a named tropical cyclone move into the basin from the Western Pacific, then it will retain its original name. The next eight available names from the List of North Indian Ocean storm names are below.[7]

  • Jawad (unused)
  • Asani (unused)
  • Sitrang (unused)
  • Mandous (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all storms in the 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2021 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
BOB 01 April 2 – 3 Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar None 0
Tauktae May 14 – 19 Extremely severe cyclonic storm 185 km/h (115 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Delhi, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maldives, Haryana, Sindh, Sri Lanka, West India $2.1 billion 174 [77][78]
Yaas May 23 – 28 Very severe cyclonic storm 140 km/h (85 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, East India, Nepal, Uttar Pradesh $2.84 billion 20 [79][48][80]
BOB 03 September 12 – Present Deep Depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Odisha, West Bengal None 3 [81][82]
Season aggregates
4 systems April 2 – Season ongoing 185 km/h (115 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) $4.94 billion 197

See also

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
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