Bayraktar TB2

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Gonzosft (talk | contribs) at 12:48, 23 May 2021 (→‎Potential operators). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Bayraktar TB2
Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB2
Role Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
National origin Turkey
Manufacturer Baykar
First flight August 2014; 9 years ago (2014-08)
Status In service
Primary users Turkish Air Force
Number built 160+[1]
Developed from Bayraktar TB1

The Bayraktar TB2 is a Turkish medium altitude long endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations. It is manufactured by Turkey′s Baykar company primarily for the Turkish Armed Forces.[2] The aircraft is monitored and controlled by an aircrew in the Ground Control Station, including weapons employment, via Türksat satellite.[3] Bayraktar means "ensign" or "standard-bearer" in Turkish. The development of the UAV has been largely credited to Selçuk Bayraktar, a former MIT graduate student.[4][5]

The aircraft previously relied on imported and regulated components and technologies such as the engines (manufactured by Rotax in Austria) and optoelectronics (FLIR sensors imported from Wescam in Canada or Hensoldt from Germany). Engines exports were halted when Bombardier, owner of Rotax, became aware of the military use of their recreational aircraft engines.[6] In October 2020 Canadian WESCAM (optics and sensors) exports were restricted by the Canadian Foreign Ministry.[7] At the same time local FLIR integration tests started with Aselsan's CATS FLIR system on 6 November 2020.[8]

Bayraktar drones have been praised for it's achievements by Turkish and non-Turkish authorities for his role. British Defense Minister Ben Wallace and American political science author Francis Fukuyama praised the platform and his systems.[9][10]

Development

Bayraktar TB's information board of technical specifications in Turkish language.

The development of the Bayraktar TB2 had been spurred by a U.S. ban on exports of armed unmanned aircraft to Turkey due to concerns they would be used against PKK groups inside and outside Turkey.[4]

Baykar started to develop a new combat tactical aerial vehicle system on request of Presidency of Defense Industries, after the experiences of its first tactical UAV [[Bayraktar Çaldıran|Bayraktar Çaldıran[page needed]]] delivered to the Turkish army in 2011.[11] The Bayraktar TB2 conducted its maiden flight in August 2014.[12] On 18 December 2015, a video was published for the missile test of Bayraktar TB2 as collaboration result with Roketsan. Roketsan's MAM (Smart Micro Munition)'s and TUBITAK-SAGE BOZOK Laser-guided bombs tested for the first time.[13][14] [15][16]

According to British newspaper The Guardian, the arming of the Bayraktar TB2 would not have been possible without the help of UK based technology, namely the Hornet micro-munitions bomb rack invented, developed, designed and patented by EDO MBM Technology Ltd, Brighton in the UK. The bomb rack was provided to Turkey in 2015, and a variant of it was integrated onto the aircraft by the UK company and Roketsan.[17]In response to The Guardian newspaper, Baykar Chief Technical Officer Selcuk Bayraktar denied that the bomb rack came from the UK. "We are not buying it from you, we never did. It not only does not work under any circumstances but is also very expensive," Bayraktar said on Twitter. "We have designed and manufactured a more advanced and cost-effective one ourselves." [18] This denial appears to be intended to obscure the facts from the Turkish public.[19]

On 19 August 2020 the UK Department for International Trade (DIT) disclosed details of a six year history of exports of the Hornet bomb rack to Turkey between 2014-2020 suggesting that supply of the critical technology to Turkey had continued well beyond the development stage of the Bayraktar TB2 and right up to the publication of the Guardian story in November 2019. "There were 18 Standard Individual Export Licence (SIEL) applications submitted by EDO MBM Technology between 2014-2020 for exports of goods “ 'related to Hornet Bomb Racks / Hornet Missile Launchers' to Turkey where the proposed exports were for end-users in Turkey. Of these, 16 licences were granted, and 2 applications were stopped." [20]

Baykar signed a deal with Qatar in March 2018 to manufacture six drones for the Qatari forces. In January 2018, Baykar signed an agreement with Ukrspetsproject on the purchase of 12 Turkish Bayraktar TB2 and 3 ground control stations worth US$69 million for the Ukrainian army.[21][22] Ukraine received the first batch of UAVs in March 2019.[23]

In October 2020 the use of the Canadian Wescam CMX-15D system in the drone was disclosed after Armenian officials claimed that remains of a CMX-15D system had been recovered from a downed TB2 drone during the nation´s conflict with Azerbaijan. That triggered the stopping of CMX-15D exports to Turkey while an investigation by Global Affairs Canada evaluates the use of Canadian technology in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.[24] Turkey selected the Common Aperture Targeting System (CATS) from Aselsan as a replacement for Canadian CMX-15D.[25][26][27][28]

5-view drawing of Bayraktar TB2 tactical drone in flight configuration. The craft is armed with a MAM-L bomb on an inner and a MAM-C bomb on an outer stb. hardpoint.

Operational history

Bayraktar Tactical Block 2 (TB2) first trial flights

Kurdish–Turkish conflict

Turkish military use TB-2 gained prominence in counterinsurgency operations against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and People's Protection Units (YPG) militants positions across the border in Iraq and Syria.[29][30][31][4] Turkey considered PKK and YPG as terrorist organizations.[32]

On 2 July 2018, A Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB2s crashed likely due to engine failure in Hatay province, Turkey.[33]

On 15 August 2018, Turkish Land Forces successfully used Bayraktar TB2 in a joint cross-border operation of the Turkish Armed Forces and the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey to kill the senior (PKK) leader and board member of the Kurdistan Communities Union İsmail Özden in Sinjar District, northwestern Iraq.[34]

Turkish military used combined UAV and artillery tactics in Syria against the PKK-linked YPG. According to Turkey the number of militant killed or wounded, ascended to 449 by use of armed TB2 and 680 were indirectly in operations assisted by air support from the UAV.[29]

Libya

In June 2019, international news media reported that the Libyan UN recognized [35] Government of National Accord (GNA) used Bayraktar TB2s to strike an airbase held by General Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA). Despite the UN embargo on Libya's ongoing civil war, it is suspected that at least 3 Bayraktar TB2 UCAV were being used over Tripoli by the GNA government forces. On 6 June 2019, two GNA Bayraktar TB2 drones are destroyed along a operation room by LNA attacks on Mitiga Airport.[36][37] Video evidence shows at-least one Bayraktar TB2 flying over Tripoli[38] about to land at Mitiga's Military section, under control of GNA-allied forces.

  • In December 2019 the LNA shot down two Turkish TB2 UAVs in Ain Zarah, near Tripoli.[39]
  • On 25 February 2020 LNA forces shot down two TB2 drones in 24 hours.[40][41]
  • On 31 March 2020 the Libyan National Army shot down another Turkish made Bayraktar TB2 combat drone near the Libyan city of Tripoli.[42]
  • On April 17, 2020, a Turkish Bayraktar TB2 Drone shot down near Bani Walid.[43]
  • In the third week of May 2020, Libyan National Army's Pantsir missile system reportedly shot down two of the Government of National Accord's Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 combat drones, one near Tarhuna city and the another near Jebel Sherif.[44]
  • By 1 July 2020, a total of 16 Bayraktar TB2 drones were reported shot down or lost on Libya during six months of fighting[45] and 23 were reported lost since LNA offensive in Western Libya that begun on April 2019.[46]
  • On 11 March 2021, A US correspondent Jeff Jaworski wrote that a total of 47 Bayraktar drones were destroyed by LNA defenses mainly Pantsir-S missile systems, in turn 9 Pantsir-S were destroyed by Bayraktar drones.[47][48][49][50]

Syria

See also: Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War and List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Syrian Civil War

On March 2020 Bayraktar TB2s, Anka-S UAVs, and an array of Koral electronic jammers were deployed and extensively used in coordinated action to strike Syrian Army targets on the ground during the Operation Spring Shield launched by Turkey following losses the Turkish forces incurred at the hands of the Russian forces in northwestern Syria at the end February 2020.[51][52][53] The deployment was assessed by experts to be a success and a tactical game-changer.[54][55][56]

During the week of fighting, Turkish drones took out 73 Syrian armed vehicles.[57] Russian sources said that the Russian-backed Syrian air defences claimed the destruction of seven Bayraktar TB2 UAVs by 5 March 2020.[58] However, there is only visual evidence for three Bayraktar drones being shot down.[59][60][61][62][63]

On 23 August 2020, another Bayraktar TB2 drone was shoot down by Syrian Air defenses near Kafr Nabl, Idlib after being detected spotting targets for Syrian rebels.[64][65]

Azerbaijan and 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war

Bayraktar TB2 at 2020 Victory Parade in Baku, Azerbaijan.

In June 2020, the Defence Minister of Azerbaijan, Zakir Hasanov, announced that Azerbaijan had taken the decision to purchase Bayraktar drones from Turkey.[66] During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Bayraktar TB2s were used against Armed Forces of Armenia with great success.[67] Azerbaijan used TB-2 to destroy Armenian artillery, infantry positions and military vehicles including BM-30 Smerch MLRS, T-72s tanks, BMP-1 and BMP-2 IFVs.[68][69] Several Osa, Strela-10 and 5 S-300 air defense systems were also destroyed by TB2s.[68][70][71][72] On 19 October 2020, a Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2s was shot down by air defenses of the Armenian Army over the skies of Nagorno Karabakh.[73][74] On 8 November 2020, another Azerbaijani Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defense on southeastern Nagorno Karabakh.[75] After learning that their products were used on Bayraktar TB2 drones, Hampshire-based UK aircraft component manufacturer Andair announced halting supply and cancelling all orders from Baykar Makina on 11 January 2021.[76] The British manufacturer became the latest company to stop selling equipment to Turkey after its components were found in drones shot down during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.[77] In which the Turkish government announced to instead locally produce the component that Andair boycotted[78]

Ukraine

Bayraktar TB2 of Ukrainian Air Force armed with MAM-L, two ground control stations in the background

As a part of its military modernization program Armed Forces of Ukraine acquired 12 Bayraktar TB2s in 2019.[79] [80]After the successful utilization of the aircraft the Ukrainian Navy had ordered a separate order composed of 5 additional Bayraktar TB2s. According to the statement made by the naval officials the additional aircraft were delivered within 2020.[81] Meanwhile, Turkish and Ukrainian officials have announced the establishment of a joint venture to produce 48 additional Bayraktar TB2s in Ukraine.[82]

Following the increasing tensions between Russia and Ukraine, a Bayraktar TB2 conducted a reconnaissance flight on April 9, 2021, over the Donbas region. This was the first operationalization of the aircraft by the Ukrainian Forces within an active conflict zone.[83][84]

Variants

Bayraktar TB3

In February 2021, chairman of the Presidency of Defense Industries (SSB) Ismail Demir made public a new type of UAV being developed by Baykar that is planned to be stationed to Turkey's first amphibious assault ship, TCG Anadolu.[85] The new aircraft being developed is a naval version of the Bayraktar TB2 equipped with a local engine developed by TEI.[86] According to the initial plans the ship was expected to be equipped with F-35B fighter jets but following the removal of Turkey from the procurement program, the vessel got into a modification process to be able to accommodate UAVs. Mr. Demir stated that between 30 and 50 folding-winged Bayraktar TB3 UAVs will be able to land and take off using the deck of Anadolu.[87][88]

Operators

Map of Bayraktar TB2 operators in blue potential operators in purple.

 Azerbaijan

 Libya

 Morocco

 Poland

 Qatar

 Turkey

Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus

 Ukraine

Potential operators

Bulgaria Bulgaria

Poland Poland

Hungary Hungary

Serbia Republic of Serbia

  • In October 2020, Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic identified UAVs as "expensive but smart investments" and stated their interest on acquiring Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 armed drones.[122][123][124]
Somalia Somalia

 Kazakhstan

Specifications (Bayraktar TB2)

Bayraktar TB2 loaded with MAM L
UMTAS missile used in TB2[127]

Data from official Baykar Defence website.[1]

General Characteristics

  • Crew: 0 onboard, 3 per one ground control station
  • Length: 6.5 m (21 ft)
  • Wing Span: 12 m (39 ft)
  • Max Take Off Weight: 650 kg (1,430 lb)
  • Payload: 150 kg (330 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 x 100 Hp Internal Combustion Engine with Injection
  • Fuel Capacity: 300 litres (79 US gal)
  • Fuel Type: Gasoline

Performance

  • Maximum Speed: 120 knots (220 km/h)
  • Cruise Speed: 70 knots (130 km/h)
  • Range: 150 km (81 nmi)[28]
  • Communication Range: Line-of-sight propagation
  • Service Ceiling: 27,000 feet (8,200 m)
  • Operational altitude: 18,000 feet (5,500 m)
  • Endurance: 27 hours

Armaments

Avionics

  • Interchangeable EO/IR/LD imaging and targeting sensor systems or Multi Mode AESA Radar:
    • Aselsan CATS EO/IR/LD imaging and targeting sensor (current production)[138][25][26][27]
    • WESCAM MX-15D EO/IR/LD imaging and targeting sensor (Production till October 2020)[139]

Gallery

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

  1. ^ a b c "Bayraktar TB2". Baykar Defence. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  2. ^ "Bayraktar TB2". Military Factory. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  3. ^ Hasan Speed (11 November 2020). "TB2 Bayraktar will be able to fly in every region covered by Türksat (Google Translate)".
  4. ^ a b c "Revealed: how UK technology fuelled Turkey's rise to global drone power". The Guardian. 27 November 2019.
  5. ^ "Baykar İnsansız Hava Aracı Sistemleri | Selçuk Bayraktar". www.baykarsavunma.com.
  6. ^ Levon Sevunts (25 October 2020). "Bombardier Recreational Products suspends delivery of aircraft engines used on military drones". CBC.
  7. ^ TM (17 October 2020). "Canadian decision to halt tech exports exposes key weakness in Turkish drone industry".
  8. ^ "Bayraktar TB2 test-fires local ammo using Turkey-made electro-optical system". 6 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Defence Secretary's speech on defence reform". GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Droning On in the Middle East". American Purpose. 5 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Bayraktar Caldiran UAV" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "Milli İHA'ya yerli füze takıldı!". Haber7. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018.
  13. ^ Youtube Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine May I present to you eventually, 100% Turkish manufactured armed UAV: Bayraktar TB2
  14. ^ "Official video footage of Turkish UCAV tests". Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Yerli IHA ilk harekatinda 5 teroristi vurdu". 8 September 2016. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016.
  16. ^ "Bayraktar ilk silahlı operasyonunu PKK'ya yaptı". Kokpit.Aero. 12 September 2016. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016.
  17. ^ Sabbagh, Dan; McKernan, Bethan (27 November 2019). "Revealed: how UK technology fuelled Turkey's rise to global drone power" – via www.theguardian.com.
  18. ^ "Turkish drone maker slams Guardian report it used British technology". Ahval. 28 November 2019.
  19. ^ "Turkey's Defence Industry Grows, with Western Help". 12 November 2020.
  20. ^ "EDO MBM Technology Ltd Export licence end users - a Freedom of Information request to Department for International Trade". WhatDoTheyKnow. 29 June 2020.
  21. ^ "Ukraine signs agreement to procure Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones". The Defense Post. 12 January 2019. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  22. ^ a b "Ukraine, Turkey have signed deal for 12 Bayraktar TB2 UAVs, Poroshenko says". Daily Sabah. 12 January 2019. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019.
  23. ^ a b Sariibrahimoglu, Lale (11 March 2019). "Ukraine receives Bayraktar armed UAVs from Turkey". Jane's 360. Ankara. Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  24. ^ Sevunts, Levon (20 October 2020). "Armenia claims it found Canadian tech on downed Turkish drone". cbc.ca.
  25. ^ a b "Turkish defense industry moving on despite embargoes". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  26. ^ a b "Wescam satışını durdurdu" (in Turkish). Tolgaozbek. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  27. ^ a b "SSB İsmail Demir: SİHA'larımızın CATS kameraları seri üretime geçiyor" (in Turkish). Defence Turk. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  28. ^ a b Sabbagh, Dan (29 December 2020). "UK wants new drones in wake of Azerbaijan military success". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  29. ^ a b "Turkey's Bayraktar TB2 drones enable swift, precise victory against YPG/PKK in Syria's Afrin". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  30. ^ "Battle for Idlib: Turkey's drones and a new way of war". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  31. ^ "Turkey's Drone War in Syria – A Red Team View". Small Wars Journal. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  32. ^ "Erdogan says Turkey will 'never declare a ceasefire'". CNN. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  33. ^ "Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB-2S armed drone crashed in Hatay province". 2 July 2018.
  34. ^ "3 gün adım adım izlendi, son darbeyi SİHA indirdi!". Gazetevatan (in Turkish). Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  35. ^ "As Libya marks 64th independence anniversary, UN envoy urges unity behind new Government". United Nations. 24 December 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016.
  36. ^ "Letter dated 29 November 2019 from the Panel of Experts onLibya established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 9 December 2019. p.32 The Panel is aware that two Bayraktar TB2 UCAVs were destroyed by HAF air strikes against the Misrata air academy on 6 and 7 June 2019, with a third shot down by HAF on 30 June 2019, but combat losses have reportedly been much higher
  37. ^ "Libya:Drone test laboratory for a new type of air warfare". Air & Cosmos International. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  38. ^ "Libya: Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 UAV seen at the GNA-held airbase". Military Africa. Military Africa. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
  39. ^ "Libya: LNA Downs Two Turkish Drones in Tripoli". Asharq Al-Awsat. 27 February 2020.
  40. ^ "Video: Two GNA drones shot down in Tripoli". Italian Military Radar. 26 February 2020.
  41. ^ "New drone shot down south of Tripoli". Asharq Al-Awsat. 27 February 2020.
  42. ^ "New drone shot down south of Tripoli". itamilradar. 31 March 2020.
  43. ^ "Drone Losses Impact Turkey's Fighting in Libya | Small Wars Journal". smallwarsjournal.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  44. ^ "Haftar's Pantsir System Shoots Down Libyan Army's Bayraktar TB2 Drone". www.defenseworld.net. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  45. ^ "Libyan War Claimed 25 Large military Drones in 2020". Defenseworld. 2 July 2020.
  46. ^ "LNA Downs Another Turkish Bayraktar Drone Loaded at Mitiga Airbase". Almarsad. 31 March 2020.
  47. ^ "Российские ЗРПК "Панцирь-С" сбили в Ливии 47 турецких дронов Bayraktar TB2". avia.pro (in Russian). 30 December 2020.
  48. ^ "47 chiếc Bayraktar TB2 của Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ đã bị hệ thống tên lửa phòng không Pantsir-S1 của Nga bắn hạ ở Lybia". Báo Mới (in Vietnamese). 7 March 2021.
  49. ^ "How did Turkish UAVs outmaneuver Russia's Pantsir air defense in Libya: Lessons and ramifications". MECRA. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  50. ^ "From Syria To Libya, Turkish Drones Outsmarting Russian Air Defence Systems?". Eurasian Times. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  51. ^ "Damage caused to Assad regime assets demonstrates Turkey's high UAV capabilities". dailysabah.com. 1 March 2020.
  52. ^ "Turkey's Killer Drone Swarm Poses Syria Air Challenge to Putin". Bloomberg News. 1 March 2020.
  53. ^ Karnozov, Vladimir (2 March 2020). "Fighter-bombers and Anka UAVs Downed as Turkey and Syria Exchange Blows". Aviation International News. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  54. ^ "Ten Hezbollah, Syrian Army Commanders Killed in Turkish Drone Strikes". defenseworld.net. 3 March 2020.
  55. ^ Gatopoulos, Alex (3 March 2020). "Battle for Idlib: Turkey's drones and a new way of war". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  56. ^ Petkova, Mariya (2 March 2020). "Turkish drones – a 'game changer' in Idlib". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  57. ^ "The Syrian Regime's Combat Losses in Spring 2020, and What Lies Ahead". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  58. ^ "Турецкая армия потеряла десять дронов над Идлибом за 3 дня". eadaily.com. 5 March 2020.
  59. ^ "Drone Crash Database". 1 July 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  60. ^ "Two Turkish Air Force Drone Reportedly Shot Down By Syrian Air Defense Over Idlib". 3 March 2020.
  61. ^ "Images of one of the Turkish drones shot down by Syrian Arab Army units in Idleb". Syrian Arab News Agency. 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  62. ^ "Wreckage Of Turkish Combat Drone Uncovered In Southeast Idlib (Photos)". Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  63. ^ "ANNA-NEWS|Новости|Сирия|Донбасс". Telegram.
  64. ^ "СРОЧНО: В Сирии сбит ударный беспилотник, координировавший вражеские удары (ФОТО)" [URGENT: An attack drone, coordinating enemy strikes, was shot down in Syria (PHOTOS)]. rusvezna.ru (in Russian). 23 August 2020.
  65. ^ "Syrian air defenses shot down a Turkish attack UAV Bayraktar TB2". Avia.Pro. 24 August 2020.
  66. ^ Anadolu Ajansı. "Azerbaijan to purchase combat drones from Turkey". Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  67. ^ "Turkish armed drones used against Armenia, Azerbaijan confirms". Middle East Eye. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  68. ^ a b c "Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan". The Drive. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  69. ^ "Bayraktar TB2 Armed UAVs operated by the Azerbaijan Air Force have destroyed 2 more Armenian Smerch MLRS platform". Cybershafarat. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  70. ^ "Azerbaijan used TB2 drone to destroy twelve 9K33 Osa short-range anti-aircraft systems of Armenia". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  71. ^ GDC (8 October 2020). "Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drone destroyed the S-300 SAM of Armenia". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  72. ^ "Azerbaijani used TB2 drone to destroy second S-300 SAM of Armenia". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  73. ^ "Karabakh displays wreckage of Turkish Bayraktar drone (Video)". Panarmenian. 19 October 2020.
  74. ^ "Տեսնես' ինչքա՞ն "Բայրաքթար" ունեն". ՀՐԱՊԱՐԱԿ. 20 October 2020.
  75. ^ "Karabakh air defense shoots down another Turkey-made Bayraktar drone of Azerbaijan (PHOTOS)". Armenia News. 8 November 2020.
  76. ^ Phillips, Owen (11 January 2021). "Cessation of supply to Baykar Makina" (Press release). Hampshire, UK: Andair. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021. After investigation, Andair immediately halted supply and cancelled all orders from Baykar Makina
  77. ^ "UK supplier stops sales of parts to Turkey's drone programme". The National News. The National (Abu Dhabi). 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021. Parts found in aerial weapons shot down during Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
  78. ^ "How much does the Andair embargo affect Bayraktar TB2? | Turkish Defence News". 15 January 2021.
  79. ^ SABAH, DAILY (27 November 2020). "Ukraine to buy 5 more Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones in 2021". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  80. ^ Axe, David. "Ukraine Might Field A Drone Strike Force—And It Could Knock Out Russian Tanks". Forbes. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  81. ^ "Ukrainian Navy to receive Turkey's Bayraktar TB2 UAVs this year". www.ukrinform.net. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  82. ^ "Ukrainian Navy Will Receive Turkish Bayraktar TB2 Drones This Year – The Defense Post". Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  83. ^ "Ukraine flies its first Turkish-made armed drone over Donbas". www.aerotime.aero. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  84. ^ "Ukraine flies first Turkish-made strike drone over Donbas". www.unian.info. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  85. ^ SABAH, DAILY (25 March 2021). "Turkey's TCG Anadolu to allow drones to land, takeoff in global 1st". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  86. ^ AA, DAILY SABAH WITH (30 October 2020). "Local engines to power Turkey's cutting-edge combat drones". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  87. ^ Ozberk, Tayfun (29 April 2021). "Turkey plans to deploy attack drones from its amphibious assault ship". Defense News. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  88. ^ Axe, David. "Behold The Turkish Navy's Drone Aircraft Carrier". Forbes. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  89. ^ "'Largest drone war in the world': How airpower saved Tripoli". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  90. ^ "Morocco to Acquire 13 Bayraktar TB2 Military Drones from Turkey". Morocco World News. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  91. ^ "Le Maroc se dote d'un escadron de drones armées turcs à l'efficacité redoutable". Le Desk. 16 April 2021.
  92. ^ "Armement: le Maroc a commandé douze drones de combat à la Turquie". Le360.ma. 16 April 2021.
  93. ^ "Report: Morocco set to acquire Turkish made Bayraktar drones". Report: Morocco set to acquire Turkish made Bayraktar drones. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  94. ^ "Poland to become first NATO country to buy Turkish drones". Reuters. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  95. ^ "Poland buys Bayraktar TB2 armed drones from Turkey". defence-blog.com. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  96. ^ "Turkey delivered Bayraktar TB2 drones to Qatari Emirati Armed Forces". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  97. ^ "TB2 Gendermarie GC PDF" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  98. ^ "Bayraktar TB2 SİHA Delivery to Gendarmerie General Command". RayHaber | RaillyNews. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  99. ^ "https://twitter.com/didyman/status/1235114955457916928". Twitter. Retrieved 26 March 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  100. ^ sabah, daily (2 July 2016). "Turkish National Police starts using Bayraktar Unmanned Aerial Vehicle". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  101. ^ "6 Bayraktar TB2 UAVs Delivered to the Turkish National Police". www.defenceturkey.com. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  102. ^ "Bayraktar TB2 İHA polisin emrinde". Haber Aero | Havacılık, Turizm ve Savunma haberleri (in Turkish). 24 April 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  103. ^ Türkgün (11 May 2020). "Selçuk Bayraktar'dan heyecanlandıran paylaşım: Vatanımıza milletimize hayırlı uğurlu olsun". www.turkgun.com/selcuk-bayraktardan-heyecanlandiran-paylasim-vatanimiza-milletimize-hayirli-ugurlu-olsun-haber-135698 (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  104. ^ "https://twitter.com/emniyetgm/status/1296024689861681154". Twitter. Retrieved 26 March 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  105. ^ "Bayraktar TB2, Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı'nın envanterine girdi". takvim.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  106. ^ Özen, Ege Buğra (26 June 2019). "MİT envanterine Bayraktar TB2". AirTurkHaber.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  107. ^ "Bayraktar TB2'den yeni rekor: 300 bin uçuş saatini tamamladı". www.trthaber.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  108. ^ Haber, Hava (25 June 2019). "THY'nin Rüya uçağının adını sen koy". Hava Haber (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  109. ^ "https://twitter.com/baykar_savunma/status/1075799120890220544". Twitter. Retrieved 26 March 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  110. ^ "Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanı TB2'yi üreten Baykar Savunma yönetimi ile bir araya geldi". Droneturk ® (in Turkish). 28 January 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  111. ^ QuarkPlayer, player-inline {display: inline-block;padding-bottom: 56 25%;position: relative;width: 100%;z-index: 5;} player-box {height: 100%;left: 0;position: absolute;top: 0;width: 100%;}$ ready{quarkPlayer = new; bufferLength:5; true, autoPlay; false, subTitles; true, showAds; false, showNotification; showB; true, widthSelector; false, customMenu. "Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı'na teslim edilen SİHA ilk test uçuşunu yaptı". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  112. ^ "https://twitter.com/selcuk/status/1118204469957877761". Twitter. Retrieved 26 March 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  113. ^ "Deniz Kuvvetleri'ne Bayraktar TB-2 teslimatı | SavunmaSanayiST" (in Turkish). 4 April 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  114. ^ "Türkiye'den KKTC'ye ilk Bayraktar TB2 İHA indi". BaykarSavunma (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  115. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Türkiye'den ilk İHA Kıbrıs'ta göreve başladı | DW | 16.12.2019". DW.COM (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  116. ^ "Ve Bayraktar TB2 İHA KKTC'de! İlk görüntüler geldi | STAR". Star.com.tr. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  117. ^ Alemdar, Ahmet (5 October 2020). "Ukrayna 48 adet Bayraktar TB2 SİHA tedarik etmek istiyor".
  118. ^ "Bulgaria with interest in buying Turkish Bayraktar TB2 UAVs". BulgarianMilitary.com. 27 January 2021.
  119. ^ https://https://orf.at/stories/3214247/. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  120. ^ "Megerősítette a kormánybiztos: még egy halom új fegyverrendszer beszerzésén dolgozik Magyarország". Portfolio.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  121. ^ Népszava. "Mentés másként - Két ágazat is óriási vesztese lehet Orbánék mestertervének". nepszava.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  122. ^ Agency, Anadolu (6 October 2020). "Serbia eyes buying Turkish-made combat drones". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  123. ^ "Serbia Considers Buying Turkish Armed Drones". Balkan Insight. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  124. ^ "Serbia Mends Fences With Azerbaijan After Arms Sales Spat – The Defense Post". Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  125. ^ "https://twitter.com/5inan_/status/1369773326227357701". Twitter. Retrieved 10 April 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  126. ^ "Kazakhstan may ditch Chinese UAVs for Turkish Bayraktar TB2s, Russian media claims". dailysabah.com. 29 November 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  127. ^ Eshel, Tamir (19 December 2015). "Turkish UMTAS Missile Dropped From a Bayraktar Tactical Drone". Defense Update. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  128. ^ Eshel, Tamir. "Turkish UMTAS Missile Dropped From a Bayraktar Tactical Drone | Defense Update". defense-update.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  129. ^ Roblin, Sebastien (2 March 2020). "Turkish Drones and Artillery Are Devastating Assad's Forces In Idlib Province-Here's Why". Forbes. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  130. ^ Frantzman, Seth J. (2 March 2020). "Turkish drones revolutionize Idlib conflict – analysis". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  131. ^ Review, Asian Military (25 March 2019). "Roketsan's Smart Micro Guided Munitions Boost Effectiveness of UAVs". Asian Military Review. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  132. ^ "Cırıt 2.75" Laser Guided Missile" (PDF). Roketsan. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  133. ^ Bekdil, Burak Ege (8 August 2017). "Turkey To Outfit Drones with Local Mini Rocket". Defense News.
  134. ^ "TURKISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY PRODUCT CATALOGUE". www.ssb.gov.tr. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  135. ^ "TÜBİTAK SAGE | Products & Related News". Pakistan Defence. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  136. ^ Mehmet, Fatih (23 January 2020). "Asisguard ve Tübitak Sage TOGAN'ı SONGAR'a entegre etti". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  137. ^ "https://twitter.com/miguyan2000/status/1101018466113515521". Twitter. Retrieved 14 April 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  138. ^ "CATS- COMMON APERTURE TARGETING SYSTEM- Electro-Optical Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Targeting System | ASELSAN". www.aselsan.com.tr.
  139. ^ Levon Sevunts (5 October 2020). "Canada suspends exports of military drone technology to Turkey". CBC News.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayraktar_TB2&oldid=1024658510"