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'''Likud''' ({{lang-he|ליכוד}}, lit. ''Consolidation'') is the major [[center-right]] [[List of political parties in Israel|political party]] in [[Israel]].<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/israel/96.htm Israel - The Likud Bloc] [[Library of Congress Country Studies]]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7691761.stm Tzipi Livni's snap election gambit]</ref><ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3498238,00.html Likud] [[Ynetnews]]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3006|title=PolicyWatch #1469: Another Israeli Election Down to the Wire|author=David Makovsky|publisher=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]|date=February 3, 2009}}</ref> Founded in 1973 as an alliance of several right-wing and liberal parties, Likud's victory in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1977|1977 elections]] was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. However, after ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party has won only one [[Elections in Israel|Knesset election]] since 1992, though its candidate, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], did win the popular vote for [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] in [[Israeli prime ministerial election, 1996|1996]] and was given the task to form a government after the [[Israeli legislative election, 2009|2009 elections]]. After a big win in the [[Israeli legislative election, 2003|2003 elections]], a major split in 2005 saw Likud leader [[Ariel Sharon]] leave to form the new [[Kadima]] party, with Likud slumping to fourth place in [[Israeli legislative election, 2006|elections]] the following year. A member is called a Likudnik ({{lang-he-n|לִכּוּדְנִיק}}) and the party now leads the opposition in the Knesset.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/950047.html Opposition leader Netanyahu: Olmert is incompetent, unfit to lead] Haaretz, 1 February 2008</ref>
'''Likud''' ({{lang-he|ליכוד}}, lit. ''Consolidation'') is the major [[center-right]] [[List of political parties in Israel|political party]] in [[Israel]].<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/israel/96.htm Israel - The Likud Bloc] [[Library of Congress Country Studies]]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7691761.stm Tzipi Livni's snap election gambit]</ref><ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3498238,00.html Likud] [[Ynetnews]]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3006|title=PolicyWatch #1469: Another Israeli Election Down to the Wire|author=David Makovsky|publisher=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]|date=February 3, 2009}}</ref> It was founded in 1973 by [[Menachem Begin]] largely as the direct ideological descendant of the [[right-wing]] [[Herut|Revisionist Party]] in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/israel/96.htm Israel - The Likud Bloc] [[Library of Congress Country Studies]]</ref> Likud's victory in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1977|1977 elections]] was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. However, after ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party has won only one [[Elections in Israel|Knesset election]] since 1992, though its candidate, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], did win the popular vote for [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] in [[Israeli prime ministerial election, 1996|1996]] and was given the task to form a government after the [[Israeli legislative election, 2009|2009 elections]]. After a big win in the [[Israeli legislative election, 2003|2003 elections]], a major split in 2005 saw Likud leader [[Ariel Sharon]] leave to form the new [[Kadima]] party, with Likud slumping to fourth place in [[Israeli legislative election, 2006|elections]] the following year. A member is called a Likudnik ({{lang-he-n|לִכּוּדְנִיק}}) and the party now leads the opposition in the Knesset.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/950047.html Opposition leader Netanyahu: Olmert is incompetent, unfit to lead] Haaretz, 1 February 2008</ref>


==Ideological positions==
==Ideological positions==

Revision as of 04:40, 21 February 2009

Likud
LeaderBenjamin Netanyahu
Founded1973
Headquarters"Metzudat Ze'ev", 38 King George Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
IdeologyConservatism,
Liberal conservatism,
Revisionist Zionism
Political positionCenter right
ColoursBlue
Website
www.likud.org.il

Likud (Hebrew: ליכוד, lit. Consolidation) is the major center-right political party in Israel.[1][2][3][4] It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin largely as the direct ideological descendant of the right-wing Revisionist Party in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties.[5] Likud's victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. However, after ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party has won only one Knesset election since 1992, though its candidate, Benjamin Netanyahu, did win the popular vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task to form a government after the 2009 elections. After a big win in the 2003 elections, a major split in 2005 saw Likud leader Ariel Sharon leave to form the new Kadima party, with Likud slumping to fourth place in elections the following year. A member is called a Likudnik (Template:Lang-he-n) and the party now leads the opposition in the Knesset.[6]

Ideological positions

Economy

The Likud supports free market capitalism and liberalism, though in practice it has mostly adopted mixed economic policies. The Likud, under the guidance of Finance minister Binyamin Netanyahu, pushed through legislation reducing value added tax (VAT), income and corporate taxes significantly, as well as customs duty. Likewise, it has instituted free-trade (especially with the European Union and the U.S.) and dismantled certain monopolies (Bezeq and the sea ports). Additionally, it has managed to privatize numerous government owned companies (El Al and Bank Leumi). The last Likud Finance minister, now the party leader, Binyamin Netanyahu, was the most ardent free-market Israeli Finance minister to-date, argues that Israel's largest labor union, the Histadrut, has so much power as to be capable of paralyzing the Israeli economy. He also claims that the main causes of unemployment are laziness and excessive benefits to the unemployed."[citation needed] Under Netanyahu, Likud has and is likely to maintain a comparatively right-wing conservative economic stance, although it might be considered centrist or even progressive from a world view.

Arab-related issues

Likud has in the past espoused hawkish policies towards the Palestinians, including opposition to Palestinian statehood and support of the Jewish settlers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. However, it has also been the party which carried out the first peace agreements with Arab states. For instance, in 1979, Likud Prime Minister, Menachem Begin, signed the Camp David Accords with Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat, which returned the Sinai Peninsula (occupied by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967) to Egypt in return for peace between the two countries. Yitzhak Shamir also granted some legitimacy to the Palestinians by meeting them at the ill-fated Madrid Conference following the Persian Gulf War in 1991. However, Shamir refused to concede the idea of a Palestinian state, and as a result was blamed by some (including U.S. Secretary of State James Baker) for the failure of the summit. Later, as Prime Minister, Binyamin Netanyahu restated Likud's position of opposing Palestinian statehood, which after the Oslo Accords was largely accepted by the opposition Labor Party, even though the shape of any such state was not clear.

Following conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians in 2002, Israel's Likud-led government reoccupied Arab towns and refugee camps in West Bank, a position that remains unchanged today. In 2005 Ariel Sharon defied the recent tendencies of Likud and abandoned the "Greater Israel" policy of seeking to settle the West Bank and Gaza. Though re-elected Prime Minister on a platform of no unilateral withdrawals, Sharon carried out the Israeli unilateral disengagement plan, withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and demolishing the Israeli settlements there, as well as four settlements in the northern West Bank. Whilst an overwhelming majority of the Likud's membership opposed this policy, Sharon achieved the approval of this policy through the necessary government channels by firing all cabinet members who opposed the plan before the vote in order to assure a needed majority, and by submitting his plan to what Sharon called a "binding" vote in his party which he lost and yet later disregarded.

Ariel Sharon and the faction who supported his "Disengagement" proposals left the Likud party after the Disengagement and joined the new Kadima party which was itself founded by former Likud Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. This new party supports unilateral disengagement from most of the West Bank and the fixing of borders by the separation barrier. The basic premise of the policy is the view that the Israelis have no viable negotiating partner on the Palestinian side, and since they cannot remain in indefinite occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, Israel should unilaterally withdraw. If pursued, this further Disengagement will, according to many, ultimately mean allowing the creation a Palestinian state although smaller than most Palestinians are likely to accept.

Binyamin Netanyahu, the new rightist leader of Likud, and Silvan Shalom, the party's #2 ranking member, both supported (against the Likud charter) the disengagement plan, however Netanyahu resigned his ministerial post before the plan was executed. Most current Likud members support the Israeli settlements in the West Bank and oppose Arab statehood and the disengagement from Gaza.

Likud charter

  • The 1999 Likud charter emphasized the right of settlement in "Judea (and) Samaria" (more commonly known as the "West Bank") and Gaza,"[7] and as such, brings it into direct conflict with Palestinian claims on the same territory. Similarly, their claims of the Jordan river as the permanent eastern border to Israel and Jerusalem as "the eternal, united capital of the State of Israel and only of Israel," do the same.
  • The 'Peace & Security' chapter of the 1999 Likud Party platform “flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state west of the Jordan river.” The chapter continued: “The Palestinians can run their lives freely in the framework of self-rule, but not as an independent and sovereign state.”[7]

Culture

Zeev Jabotinsky

The Likud promotes a revival of Jewish-oriented culture, in keeping with the principles of revisionist zionism.

The Likud emphasize such nationalist themes as the flag and the victory in Israel's 1948 war with neighbouring Arab states. The Likud advocates teaching values in childhood education. The Likud endorses press freedom and promotion of private-sector media, which has grown markedly under governments Likud has led. A Likud government headed by Ariel Sharon, however, closed the popular right-wing pirate radio station Arutz 7 ("Channel 7). Arutz 7 was popular with the settlement movement and often criticised the government from a right-wing perspective. However, the Likud is inclined towards the Torah and expresses support for it within the context of civil Judaism, as a result of its Irgun past, which aligned itself according to the word of the Tanakh.

History

Main article: History of Likud

Leaders

Current MKs

Template:Likud Knesset members

Other prominent members

Active:

Past figures (deceased, retired or left Likud):

See also

References

  1. ^ Israel - The Likud Bloc Library of Congress Country Studies
  2. ^ Tzipi Livni's snap election gambit
  3. ^ Likud Ynetnews
  4. ^ David Makovsky (February 3, 2009). "PolicyWatch #1469: Another Israeli Election Down to the Wire". Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
  5. ^ Israel - The Likud Bloc Library of Congress Country Studies
  6. ^ Opposition leader Netanyahu: Olmert is incompetent, unfit to lead Haaretz, 1 February 2008
  7. ^ a b "Likud - Platform". www.knesset.gov.il. Retrieved 2008-09-04.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Likud&oldid=272205956"