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Undo. Read http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Paraphilic_infantilism&diff=446438409&oldid=446437847 more carefully. Also note the first sentence of Prevalence and Sex Ratio is "Owing to their usually secretive nature..."
→‎Relation to other conditions: collapsing Freund into a single reference, moved reference elsewhere and hid text for now pending talk page consensus
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Confusing infantilism with [[pedophilia]] is a common misunderstanding but infantilism exclusively involves role-playing with other adults and infantilists are not sexually aroused by infants while pedophiles are.<ref name = Arndt/><ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Tiefenwerth|Thomas J.|title= Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders | publisher=Proquest|year=2007|isbn=9780549149286 | pages = [http://books.google.com/books?id=XbTD2WxmcvkC&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q&f=false 111] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Holmes|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Holmes|first2=Stephen T.|title=Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior | publisher = [[SAGE Publications]] | year = 2008 | isbn = 1412952980 | pages = [http://books.google.com/books?id=_zqOsZSZxYQC&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q&f=false 81]}}</ref> [[Sexology|Sexologist]] [[Gloria Brame]] states that "...infantilists who recognize and accept their sexuality - and its possible roots in infantile trauma - tend to be acutely protective of real children."<ref name = Brame/>
Confusing infantilism with [[pedophilia]] is a common misunderstanding but infantilism exclusively involves role-playing with other adults and infantilists are not sexually aroused by infants while pedophiles are.<ref name = Arndt/><ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Tiefenwerth|Thomas J.|title= Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders | publisher=Proquest|year=2007|isbn=9780549149286 | pages = [http://books.google.com/books?id=XbTD2WxmcvkC&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q&f=false 111] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Holmes|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Holmes|first2=Stephen T.|title=Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior | publisher = [[SAGE Publications]] | year = 2008 | isbn = 1412952980 | pages = [http://books.google.com/books?id=_zqOsZSZxYQC&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q&f=false 81]}}</ref> [[Sexology|Sexologist]] [[Gloria Brame]] states that "...infantilists who recognize and accept their sexuality - and its possible roots in infantile trauma - tend to be acutely protective of real children."<ref name = Brame/>


John Money states that diaper fetishists may be sexually attracted to daiper-wearing babies, a condition he calls nepiophilia,<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Money|first=John|title=Principles of Developmental Sexology | publisher = [[Continuum International Publishing Group]] | year=1997|isbn=9780826410269 | pages = 255}}</ref> but describes infantilism as autonepiophilia in which the individual desires to be and impersonate a baby and does not desire an infant as a sexual partner.{{sfn|Money|1997|p=255}} Ray Blanchard and Kurt Freund discuss a series of [[case study|case studies]] in which they make a distinction between pedophiles who imagined themselves as young children because "...this imagery increases the subject's similarity to the sexual object (children)" while infantilists would imagine they were children to increase the power difference between their preferred sexual object of adult women spanking and scolding them. Freund and Blanchard make a similar distinction regarding the use of diapers, with pedophiles wearing them due to their association with children while infantilists associate them with the "role of the shamed, defenceless, punished little boy."<ref>{{cite pmid | 8481752 }}</ref>
John Money states that diaper fetishists may be sexually attracted to daiper-wearing babies, a condition he calls nepiophilia,<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Money|first=John|title=Principles of Developmental Sexology | publisher = [[Continuum International Publishing Group]] | year=1997|isbn=9780826410269 | pages = 255}}</ref> but describes infantilism as autonepiophilia in which the individual desires to be and impersonate a baby and does not desire an infant as a sexual partner.{{sfn|Money|1997|p=255}} <!---Ray Blanchard and Kurt Freund discuss a series of [[case study|case studies]] in which they make a distinction between pedophiles who imagined themselves as young children because "...this imagery increases the subject's similarity to the sexual object (children)" while infantilists would imagine they were children to increase the power difference between their preferred sexual object of adult women spanking and scolding them. Freund and Blanchard make a similar distinction regarding the use of diapers, with pedophiles wearing them due to their association with children while infantilists associate them with the "role of the shamed, defenceless, punished little boy."<ref name = Freund/> --->


===Other conditions===
===Other conditions===
In the limited number of extant medical case reports some clinicians have attempted to explain the behaviours associated with infantilism in terms of [[obsessive compulsive disorder]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Croarkin|first1=Paul|last2=Nam|first2=Theodore|last3=Waldrep|first3=Douglas|title= Comment on Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=161|issue=11|year=2004|page=2141}}</ref> as "a concurrent cluster of symptoms found in a variety of psychiatric disorders",<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Evcimen|first1=Harun| last2= Gratz| first2=Silvia|title=Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | page = 116 | doi=10.1007/s10508-005-9002-6|year=2006}}</ref> or as a form of "autoeroticism" analogous to [[Ray Blanchard|Blanchard's]] concept of [[autogynaephilia]] as applied in certain cases of [[gender identity disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dickey|first=Robert|title=Commentary on "Adult Baby Syndrome" by Evcimen and Gratz (2006) (letter to the editor)|journal=Archives of Sexual Behaviour|year=2007|volume=36|pages=131-2|doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9148-x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Freund | first1 = K.| last2= Blanchard| first2=Ray|title=Erotic target location errors in male gender dysphorics, paedophiles, fetishists|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|year=1993|volume=162|pages=558-63|doi=10.1192/bjp.162.4.558}}</ref><ref name = Cantor>{{cite book|chapter=Sexual Disorders | last1 = Cantor | first1 = James | last2 = Blanchard | first2 = Ray | last3 = Barbaree | first3 = Howard | title = Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology|editor=Paul H. Blaney and Theodore Millon | edition = 2nd | year = 2009 | location = New York & Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780195374216|pages=530}}</ref> [[Psychiatry|Psychiatrist]] Jay Feierman considers infantilism a form of [[chronophilia]] in which the infantilist desires a sexual partner of the same biological age, but their own "sexuoerotic age" does not match his or her own biological age (i.e. the adult infantilist wishes an adult sexual partner who treats them as a baby).<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Feierman|first=Jay R.|title=Pedophilia: biosocial dimensions|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=1990|isbn=0387972439 | pages = 455}}</ref> A 2011 review of several case studies noted a common history of sexual abuse.<ref name = "Kise">{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8}}</ref>
In the limited number of extant medical case reports some clinicians have attempted to explain the behaviours associated with infantilism in terms of [[obsessive compulsive disorder]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Croarkin|first1=Paul|last2=Nam|first2=Theodore|last3=Waldrep|first3=Douglas|title= Comment on Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=161|issue=11|year=2004|page=2141}}</ref> as "a concurrent cluster of symptoms found in a variety of psychiatric disorders",<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Evcimen|first1=Harun| last2= Gratz| first2=Silvia|title=Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | page = 116 | doi=10.1007/s10508-005-9002-6|year=2006}}</ref> or as a form of "autoeroticism" analogous to [[Ray Blanchard|Blanchard's]] concept of [[autogynaephilia]] as applied in certain cases of [[gender identity disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dickey|first=Robert|title=Commentary on "Adult Baby Syndrome" by Evcimen and Gratz (2006) (letter to the editor)|journal=Archives of Sexual Behaviour|year=2007|volume=36|pages=131-2|doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9148-x}}</ref><ref name = Freund>{{cite pmid | 8481752 }}</ref><ref name = Cantor>{{cite book|chapter=Sexual Disorders | last1 = Cantor | first1 = James | last2 = Blanchard | first2 = Ray | last3 = Barbaree | first3 = Howard | title = Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology|editor=Paul H. Blaney and Theodore Millon | edition = 2nd | year = 2009 | location = New York & Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780195374216|pages=530}}</ref> [[Psychiatry|Psychiatrist]] Jay Feierman considers infantilism a form of [[chronophilia]] in which the infantilist desires a sexual partner of the same biological age, but their own "sexuoerotic age" does not match his or her own biological age (i.e. the adult infantilist wishes an adult sexual partner who treats them as a baby).<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Feierman|first=Jay R.|title=Pedophilia: biosocial dimensions|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=1990|isbn=0387972439 | pages = 455}}</ref> A 2011 review of several case studies noted a common history of sexual abuse.<ref name = "Kise">{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8}}</ref>


====Diaper fetishism====
====Diaper fetishism====

Revision as of 14:32, 25 August 2011

Adult diaper-wearing participants in the annual Bay to Breakers Run, San Francisco
For sexual feelings experienced during childhood, see Child sexuality.

Paraphilic infantilism, also known as autonepiophilia[1] and adult baby syndrome[2] is a sexual fetish that involves role-playing a regression to an infant-like state.[3][4] Behaviors may include drinking from a bottle or wearing diapers.[2] Individuals may engage in gentle and nurturing experiences[5] (an adult who only engages in infantilistic play is known as an adult baby[6]) or be attracted to masochistic, coercive, punishing or humiliating experiences.[5] Diaper fetishism involves "diaper lovers" wearing diapers for sexual or erotic reasons but may not involve infant-like behaviour.[7] Individuals who experience both of these things are referred to as adult baby/diaper lovers (AB/DL).[8][9] When wearing diapers, infantilists may urinate or defecate in them.[4]

Characteristics and behaviors

Woman wearing a a pvc diaper.

Adult babies may roleplay as a baby or small child for erotic stimulation and this behavior is considered the signature expression of paraphilic infantilism.[10] This may involve the use of adult-sized diapers and baby clothes or toys and furniture such as a crib to lend reality to the infantilist fantasy,[11] and some individuals may urinate or defecate in their diapers.[4] If a partner is willing, adult babies may engage in parent-baby roleplay. A typical scenario might then involve being bathed, powdered and changed into diapers by one's partner, before being put to bed with a baby bottle.[10] Thereafter the adult baby may be comforted and pampered by their partner in the role of the parent and their diapers might be changed if wet or dirty.[10] For some infantilists, however, the ritual might instead involve being scolded, spanked or chastised for having wet dirtied their diapers.[10] In this latter instance the mode of arousal is masochistic.[10] The adult baby may choose not to engage in sex while engaged in a baby role, since it is not babylike,[12] or may engage in limited sex play including masturbation.[13] The erotic pleasure derived from either of these forms of infantilism may often replace the need for sexual intercourse in reaching orgasm.[10]

In practice, the boundary between the adult babies and diaper lovers is often fluid and both share a range of interests revolving around consensual adult diaper-play. Diaper lovers may sometimes enjoy engaging in infantilism while adult babies may find themselves sometimes wearing diapers purely for physical pleasure. It is common for adult babies and diaper lovers to describe themselves as 'mostly AB' or 'mostly DL,' based on which end of the spectrum of infantilist practices they engage in most frequently. Those with urophilia and coprophilia may also enjoy similar infantilist practices.[citation needed]

According to Eric Hickey, infantilists are commonly male, are on average thirty-eight years of age, in steady employment, normally have an undergraduate level of education or higher and are usually married or in a stable relationship.[3]

Research

Infantilism is not well documented within the medical literature[6][14] and tends to be a closeted behavior.[14] Researchers James Cantor, Ray Blanchard and Howard Barbee has stated that paraphilias in general, including infantilism, are secretive practices and this has prevented meaningful prevalence data from being collected.[15] Like many paraphilic conditions, the paraphilic behavior produces no functional impairment or distress and it has no legal ramifications. Because of this it may avoid medical study and systems of classifications.[6] Infantilists may not consider themselves as suffering from a medical condition and may not want to change their behavior, a common issue among individuals with paraphilias.[6][12] Individuals with paraphilic infantilism may only seek therapy for other issues, or be encouraged or coerced to seek treatment if discovered by others.[16] Given these issues, the potential of anonymous internet surveys for data collection on infantilist communities has been noted.[14]

Relation to other conditions

Infantilism is a diffuse phenomenon and different authorities have taken varied approaches to the question of its medical and sexological classification.

Definitions

The term "paraphilic infantilism" is usually shortened to "infantilism".[clarification needed] The conventional definition of the word means the persistence of childlike traits in adults and medically the failure to attain sexual maturity,[17] and "sexual infantilism" is also used medically as a synonym for delayed puberty.[18][3] The term "psychosexual infantilism" was used in Freud's theory of psychosexual development to refer to individuals who had not matured through its hypothetical stages into heterosexuality.[15] Wilhelm Stekel used "psychosexual infantilism" as a category similar to paraphilia, including paraphilic infantilism[12] and other paraphilias and sexual orientations.[19]

Masochism

Main article: Sadomasochism

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) states that along with other behaviors, sexual maoschists "...may have a desire to be treated as a helpless infant and clothed in diapers ('infantilism')"[20] and this association is repeated by others.[21][22][23]

Psychologists D. Richard Laws and William O'Donohue state that "Although infantilism is classified as a sexual masochism in the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, it is questionable whether the criteria for sexual masochism are always met. For example, if the infantile role playing does not involve feelings of humiliation and suffering, then the diagnosis of sexual masochism would not be appropriate and a diagnosis of infantilism as a paraphilia [not otherwise specified] is warranted."[24] Sexologist John Money, in his book Lovemaps describes paraphilic infantilism as a possible "...adjunctive to masochistic discipline and humiliation."[25] Sexologist William B. Arndt considers paraphilic infantilism to combine forms of fetishism, tranvestism and masochism.[26] Sexologist Wilhelm Stekel considered sado-masochistic practices to be variant behaviour arising from psychosexual infantilism.[27]

Pedophilia

Main article: Pedophilia

Confusing infantilism with pedophilia is a common misunderstanding but infantilism exclusively involves role-playing with other adults and infantilists are not sexually aroused by infants while pedophiles are.[26][28][29] Sexologist Gloria Brame states that "...infantilists who recognize and accept their sexuality - and its possible roots in infantile trauma - tend to be acutely protective of real children."[5]

John Money states that diaper fetishists may be sexually attracted to daiper-wearing babies, a condition he calls nepiophilia,[30] but describes infantilism as autonepiophilia in which the individual desires to be and impersonate a baby and does not desire an infant as a sexual partner.[31]

Other conditions

In the limited number of extant medical case reports some clinicians have attempted to explain the behaviours associated with infantilism in terms of obsessive compulsive disorder,[32] as "a concurrent cluster of symptoms found in a variety of psychiatric disorders",[33] or as a form of "autoeroticism" analogous to Blanchard's concept of autogynaephilia as applied in certain cases of gender identity disorder.[34][35][15] Psychiatrist Jay Feierman considers infantilism a form of chronophilia in which the infantilist desires a sexual partner of the same biological age, but their own "sexuoerotic age" does not match his or her own biological age (i.e. the adult infantilist wishes an adult sexual partner who treats them as a baby).[36] A 2011 review of several case studies noted a common history of sexual abuse.[7]

Diaper fetishism

Individuals with diaper fetishism typically do not imagine themselves as babies. Rather, they more often see themselves as adults who are drawn to wearing diapers.[37]

John Money distinguishes between infantilism or autonepiophilia and paraphilic diaper-wearing, stating that the latter is a paraphilic fetish that manifests as an erotic attraction to an article of clothing while the former is a non-fetishistic paraphilia directed at a change of status in terms of age identity.[38]

Sissy babies, cross-dressing

A sissy baby is a male AB/DL who mixes gender play with infantilism.[9] This cross-dressing might involve stereotypical or exaggerated "little girl" clothing, such as panties or dresses. Sissies are not necessarily transsexual in that, while some might be expressing an alter ego that is a baby girl, they might not wish to be an adult woman at other times. Alternatively, some transgender people simply participate in ageplay as their gender identity as an extension of their transgender life. Similarly, some sissy baby's partake in this activity as a means of humiliation, and have no desire to be a female or have such an alter ego.

Causes

To date no broad-based scientific studies have been made on the cause, incidence and general impact of paraphilic infantilism on society at large. This may be due to both the relative rarity of the condition and because few paraphilic infantilists appear to seek professional mental health counseling,[6][12] and that even fewer appear to require any type of pro-active mental health intervention.[16] A 2002 case report by psychiatrists Jennifer Pate and Glen Goddard found little research on the topic, and they suggested the DSM lacked a category that captured their patient's disorder.[6]

Lovemap theory

According to sexologist, John Money, normally by the age of 8, the human mind will have fully developed its lovemap, which will serve as a kind of sexual template through to the end of one's adult life. This lovemap is "a developmental representation or template in the mind and in the brain depicting the idealized lover and the idealized program of sexual and erotic activity projected in imagery or actually engaged in".[39] Money believed all paraphilias were caused by the formation of abnormal lovemaps during the preadolescent years and that such abnormal lovemaps can be formed by any number of contributing factors or stressors during this developmental period.[40] Money also coined the term "autonepiophilia" meaning a "diaperism" or diaper fetishism in 1984 to describe the condition.[41]

History

The first public event for adult babies was "Baby Week", occurring in San Francisco in the early 1990's. Subsequently the internet became a major forum, with numerous websites offering books, magazines, audio and video tapes and related paraphanelia, as well as a 24-hour hotline. Paraphilic infantilism has appeared as an alternative lifestyle in numerous Western countries including the United States, England, Germany and Australia.[42]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Corsini, Raymond J. (2002). The Dictionary of Psychology. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781583913284. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. ^ a b Russell, J (2008). Exploring Psychology As Studen Bk Aqa A. Folens Limited. pp. 200. ISBN 1850082588. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  3. ^ a b c Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 355. ISBN 9780131703506. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  4. ^ a b c Speaker, TJ, Psychosexual Infantilism in Adults: The Eroticization of Regression, Sausalito, CA: Columbia Pacific University, p. 93
  5. ^ a b c Brame, GG (1996). Different Loving: An Exploration of the World of Sexual Dominance and Submission. Random House of Canada. pp. 137-40. ISBN 0679769560. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 14594737 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 14594737 instead.
  7. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8 instead.
  8. ^ Watson, J (2005-06-09). "Baby Man". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  9. ^ a b Taormino, T (2002-08-13). "Still in Diapers". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Money 1986, p. 70.
  11. ^ Baumeister, RF (1989). Masochism and Self. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 159. ISBN 0-8058-0486-2.
  12. ^ a b c d Stekel 1952, pp. 143–144.
  13. ^ Ditmore, MH (2006). Encyclopedia of prostitution and sex work, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 238. ISBN 0313329680.
  14. ^ a b c Pretlow, Robert A (2002). "The internet can reveal previously unknown causes of medical conditions, such as attraction to diapers as a cause of enuresis and incontinence". Mednet.
  15. ^ a b c Cantor, James; Blanchard, Ray; Barbaree, Howard (2009). "Sexual Disorders". In Paul H. Blaney and Theodore Millon (ed.). Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 530. ISBN 9780195374216.
  16. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 2279218, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=2279218 instead.
  17. ^ "Infantilism". dictionary.com. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  18. ^ Greenspan, FS (2004). "Puberty". Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. pp. 617–627. ISBN 0071402977. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Stekel 1952, p. vii.
  20. ^ American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. p. 572. ISBN 0890420246.
  21. ^ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2009). Catherine Harold (ed.). Professional Guide to Diseases (9th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1341. ISBN 9780781778992.
  22. ^ Kring, Ann; Johnson, Sheri; Davison, Gerald C.; Neale, John M. (2009). Abnormal Psychology (11th ed.). John Wiley and Sons. p. 719. ISBN 9780470577127.
  23. ^ Becker, Judith V.; Stinson, Jill D. (2008). "Human sexuality and sexual dysfunctions". In Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky & Glen O. Gabbard (ed.). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry (5th ed.). Arlington VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 738. ISBN 9781585622573.
  24. ^ Laws, D. Richard; O'Donohue, William T. (2008). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, Treatment. Guilford Press. pp. 407. ISBN 9781593856052. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  25. ^ Money 1986, p. 259.
  26. ^ a b Arndt, William B. (1991). Gender Disorders and Paraphilias. International Universities Press. p. 394. ISBN 9780823621507. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  27. ^ Dailey, Dennis M. (1989). The Sexually Unusual: A Guide to Understanding and Helping. pp. 44. ISBN 0866567860. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Text "Routledge" ignored (help)
  28. ^ Tiefenwerth (2007). Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders. Proquest. pp. 111. ISBN 9780549149286. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Text "Thomas J." ignored (help)
  29. ^ Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (2008). Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior. SAGE Publications. pp. 81. ISBN 1412952980. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  30. ^ Money, John (1997). Principles of Developmental Sexology. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 255. ISBN 9780826410269. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  31. ^ Money 1997, p. 255.
  32. ^ Croarkin, Paul; Nam, Theodore; Waldrep, Douglas (2004). "Comment on Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)". American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (11): 2141.
  33. ^ Evcimen, Harun; Gratz, Silvia (2006). "Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (2): 116. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9002-6.
  34. ^ Dickey, Robert (2007). "Commentary on "Adult Baby Syndrome" by Evcimen and Gratz (2006) (letter to the editor)". Archives of Sexual Behaviour. 36: 131–2. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9148-x.
  35. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 8481752 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 8481752 instead.
  36. ^ Feierman, Jay R. (1990). Pedophilia: biosocial dimensions. Springer-Verlag. p. 455. ISBN 0387972439. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  37. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 5929499 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 5929499 instead.
  38. ^ Money 1986, p. 96.
  39. ^ Money 1986, p. 290.
  40. ^ Money 1986, p. 34.
  41. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 6234812 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 6234812 instead.
  42. ^ Kaufman, F (1997). "Our Binkies, Our Selves: The adult baby boom". Spin. 13 (7). SPIN Media LLC: 55. ISSN 0886-3032.

References

Further reading

  • Love, B (1992). Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices. Barricade Books. ISBN 0-942637-64-X.
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