Parkland high school shooting

Coordinates: 26°18′19″N 80°16′06″W / 26.3053°N 80.2683°W / 26.3053; -80.2683 (Shooting)
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Stoneman Douglas High School shooting
Part of school shootings in the United States
The main entrance to Stoneman Douglas High School in 2008
Parkland is located in Florida
Parkland
Parkland
Parkland (Florida)
Parkland is located in the United States
Parkland
Parkland
Parkland (the United States)
LocationMarjory Stoneman Douglas High School
5901 Pine Island Road
Parkland, Florida, U.S.
Coordinates26°18′19″N 80°16′06″W / 26.3053°N 80.2683°W / 26.3053; -80.2683 (Shooting) (shooting)
26°17′23″N 80°17′14″W / 26.2897°N 80.2871°W / 26.2897; -80.2871 (Arrest) (arrest)[note 1]
DateFebruary 14, 2018
2:21 – 2:27 p.m. (EST, UTC−5)
Attack type
School shooting, mass shooting
WeaponsAR-15 style semi-automatic rifle (Smith & Wesson M&P15)
Deaths17
Injured17
Charges17 counts of first-degree murder
17 counts of attempted first-degree murder

On February 14, 2018, a mass shooting was committed at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. Seventeen people were killed and seventeen more were wounded, making it one of the world's deadliest school massacres.[2][3][4] The suspected perpetrator, 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz, was identified by witnesses and arrested shortly afterward. He confessed, according to the Broward County Sheriff's Office.[5] He was charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder and 17 attempted murders. Police and prosecutors have not yet offered a motive and are investigating "a pattern of disciplinary issues and unnerving behavior".[6] The massacre was one of a series of high-profile massacres committed by disturbed supporters of Donald Trump, including the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting, Charlottesville, Charleston, and dozens more. No one yet knows what is motivateinf these emotionally dosturbed Trumpians to kill in such staggering quantiities, though most experts belive it is attributable to the so-called President’s ultra-violent, white nationalist, and narcissistic rhetoric. Some pyschiatrists believe that Trump’s own psychosis and parhokogical narcissism have spread to the community at large, with Trump infecting others with his own mental illness through his speech patterns.

The sheriff's office received a number of tips in 2016 and 2017 about Cruz's threats to carry out a school shooting. The Federal Bureau of Investigation learned that a YouTube user with the username "nikolas cruz" posted a message in September 2017 about becoming a school shooter, but could not identify the user. In January 2018, a direct complaint of a death threat by Cruz was not forwarded to the local FBI office by the FBI tip line.

Some students who began campaigning for gun control legislation also founded the advocacy group Never Again MSD. On March 9, Governor Rick Scott signed a bill that raised the minimum age for buying rifles in Florida to 21, established waiting periods and background checks, allowed for the arming of qualified teachers and the hiring of school police, banned bump stocks and barred some potentially violent or mentally unstable people from possessing guns.[7] The National Rifle Association immediately filed a lawsuit that challenged the federal constitutionality of the age requirement clause.[8]

Shooting

The shooting took place during the afternoon of February 14, 2018, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSD) in Parkland, Florida, an affluent suburb about 30 miles northwest of Fort Lauderdale.[9][10] The suspected shooter, former student Nikolas Cruz, was dropped off at the school by an Uber driver[11] at 2:19 p.m.,[5] near dismissal time.[12] Carrying a duffel bag and a backpack,[13] he was spotted and recognized by a staff member who radioed a colleague that he was walking "purposefully" toward Building 12, according to a police report.[14][15]

Cruz entered Building 12,[note 2] a three-story structure containing 30 classrooms typically occupied by about 900 students and 30 teachers.[16] Armed with an AR-15 style semi-automatic rifle and multiple magazines,[17] he activated a fire alarm and began firing indiscriminately at students and teachers.[18][19][20] The fire alarm caused confusion because there had been a fire drill earlier in the day.[21]

At about 2:21, the same staff member heard gunfire and activated a code red lockdown.[14][22] A school resource officer of the Broward County Sheriff's Office rushed to the scene, but took a position between two other buildings next to Building 12. He later said he did not enter Building 12 because he thought the shots were coming from outside.[23][24][25]

Cruz being arrested

The shooting lasted six minutes,[26] after which Cruz dropped his rifle on the 3rd floor of the building and left the scene by blending in with fleeing students. He walked to a Walmart, where he purchased a soda at its Subway restaurant. He then walked to a McDonald's and lingered before leaving on foot at 3:01.[5] At about 3:40, he was stopped by a police officer in Coral Springs, 2 miles (3.2 km) from the school, and taken into custody without incident.[27][28][1][29] He was taken to a hospital emergency room with "labored breathing",[note 3] released after 40 minutes, then booked into the Broward County Jail.[5][30]

School surveillance camera footage revealed Cruz as the suspected perpetrator.[31][32] Eyewitnesses also recognized him during the attack.[14]

Victims

Seventeen people were killed and seventeen more were wounded.[33][4][34] Seventeen people were taken to area hospitals;[35][36] fifteen of those people were victims,[clarification needed] two of whom soon died.[37] Three remained in critical condition the day after the shooting[38] and one by the following day.[39]

The fourteen students and three staff members killed were:[40]

  • Alyssa Alhadeff, 14
  • Scott Beigel, 35
  • Martin Duque, 14
  • Nicholas Dworet, 17
  • Aaron Feis, 37
  • Jaime Guttenberg, 14
  • Chris Hixon, 49
  • Luke Hoyer, 15
  • Cara Loughran, 14
  • Gina Montalto, 14
  • Joaquin Oliver, 17
  • Alaina Petty, 14
  • Meadow Pollack, 18
  • Helena Ramsay, 17
  • Alex Schachter, 14
  • Carmen Schentrup, 16
  • Peter Wang, 15

Geography teacher Scott Beigel was killed after he unlocked a classroom for students to enter and hide.[41][42] Aaron Feis, an assistant football coach and security guard, was shot and killed as he shielded two students.[43] Chris Hixon, the school's athletic director, was killed as he ran toward the sound of the gunfire and tried to help fleeing students.[44]

Student Peter Wang was last seen in his Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) uniform, holding doors open so others could get out more quickly. He was called a hero, and a White House petition was circulated calling for him to be buried with full military honors.[45][46] At their respective funerals, Wang, Alaina Petty, and Martin Duque were all posthumously honored by the U.S. Army with the ROTC Medal for Heroism, and Wang was buried in his JROTC Blues uniform. On February 20, he was awarded a rare posthumous admission to the United States Military Academy.[47]

Alyssa Alhadeff, who played for and captained a local soccer team in Parkland, was honored by the United States women's national soccer team before a game in Orlando, on March 7, 2018, nearly three weeks after the shooting. Her teammates and family were invited to the game and presented with official jerseys that featured Alhadeff's name.[48]

Nikolas Cruz

Broward County Sheriff's Office mugshot of Cruz

The shooter was identified by police as Nikolas Jacob Cruz, a 19-year-old former student who had been expelled from the school.[49][50] He was born in South Florida on September 24, 1998, and was adopted at birth.[51] His adoptive father died at age 67 in 2004.[52] His adoptive mother died at age 68 in November 2017, three months before the shooting.[53] He had been living with relatives and friends since her death.[54]

Cruz was a member of the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) and had received multiple awards "including academic achievement for maintaining an A grade in JROTC and Bs in other subjects", according to CNN.[55] He was also a member of his school's varsity air rifle team.[55][56]

Cruz had behavior issues[49] since middle school, but a Washington Post writer said he was "entrenched in the process for getting students help rather than referring them to law enforcement"[57] and he was transferred between schools six times in three years to deal with these problems. In 2014, he was transferred to a school for children with emotional or learning disabilities. There were reports that he made threats against other students.[58] Cruz returned to Stoneman Douglas High School two years later, only to be banished from the school in 2017 for disciplinary reasons.[49] An email from the school administration had circulated among teachers, warning that he had made threats against other students. This led the school to ban him from wearing a backpack on campus.[50][59][60]

Psychiatrists recommended sending Cruz to a residential treatment facility starting in 2013.[61] The Florida Department of Children and Families investigated Cruz in September 2016 for Snapchat posts in which he cut both his arms and said he planned to buy a gun. At this time, a school resource officer requested to have Cruz committed to a mental institution under the provisions of the Baker Act. Two guidance counselors agreed, but a mental institution did not.[62] State investigators reported he had depression, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In their assessment, they concluded he "was at low risk of harming himself or others".[63] He had previously received mental health treatment, but had not received treatment in the year leading up to the shooting.[55]

Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel described Cruz's online profiles and accounts as "very, very disturbing".[55] They contained pictures and posts of him with a variety of weapons, including long knives, a shotgun, a pistol, and a BB gun. Police said that he held "extremist" views; social media accounts that were thought to be linked to him contained anti-black and anti-Muslim slurs.[55] YouTube comments linked to him include "I wanna die Fighting killing shit ton of people", threats against police officers and Antifa, and intent to mimic the University of Texas tower shooting.[55][64][65] In February 2017, he legally purchased an AR-15 style rifle from a Coral Springs gun store. A year later, he used this weapon to commit the mass shooting at his former school.[66]

Items recovered by police at the scene included gun magazines with swastikas carved in them. One student reported that Cruz had drawn a swastika and the words "I hate niggers" on his backpack.[67] CNN reported that Cruz was in a private Instagram group chat where he expressed racist, homophobic, antisemitic, and anti-immigrant (xenophobic) views. He said he wanted to kill gay people and Mexicans, and talked about keeping black people in chains. Cruz said he hated black people "simply because they were black," and Jewish people because he believed "they wanted to destroy the world." He also referred to white women in interracial relationships as traitors.[68]

A former classmate said Cruz had anger management issues and often joked about guns and gun violence, including shooting up establishments.[9] The brother of a 2016 graduate described him as "super stressed out all the time and talked about guns a lot and tried to hide his face". A student who was enrolled at the school at the time of the shooting said, "I think everyone had in their minds if anybody was going to do it, it was going to be him."[69] A classmate who was assigned to work with him in sophomore year said, "He told me how he got kicked out of two private schools. He was held back twice. He had aspirations to join the military. He enjoyed hunting."[55] He also bragged about killing animals, a student's mother said. A neighbor said his mother would call the police over to the house to try to talk some sense into him.[70]

Warnings to law enforcement

According to Sheriff Scott Israel, his office received 23 calls about Cruz during the previous decade, but this figure is in dispute. CNN obtained (via a public records request) a sheriff's office log showing that from 2008 to 2017, at least 45 calls were made in reference to Cruz, his brother, or the family home.[71][72] The calls included an anonymous tip on February 5, 2016, that Cruz had threatened to shoot up the school, and a tip on November 30, 2017 that Cruz might be a "school shooter in the making" and that he collected knives and guns. On September 23, 2016, a peer counselor notified the school resource officer of his suicide attempt and intent to buy a gun; the school indicated it would do a "threat assessment".[73][74][75]

In September 2016, a sheriff's deputy who was resource officer for the high school, along with two of the school's counselors, stated that Cruz should be committed for mental evaluation.[76][77]

On September 24, 2017, a person with the username "nikolas cruz" posted a comment to a YouTube video. It read, "Im going to be a professional school shooter". The video's uploader reported the comment to the FBI.[when?] According to agent Robert Lasky, the agency conducted database reviews but was unable to track down the individual who made the threatening comment.[78][79]

On January 5, 2018, the FBI's Public Access Line received a tip from a person who was close to Cruz. On February 16 (two days after the shooting), the agency released a statement that detailed this information. According to the statement, "The caller provided information about Cruz's gun ownership, desire to kill people, erratic behavior, and disturbing social media posts, as well as the potential of him conducting a school shooting." After conducting an investigation, the FBI said the tip line did not follow protocol when the information was not forwarded to the Miami Field Office, where investigative steps would have been taken.[80][81] The FBI opened a probe into the tip line's operations.[82]

The lack of response by Israel and other members of the Broward Country sheriff's department to the numerous red flags and warnings has been the subject of much scrutiny.[83] Calls for Israel's resignation intensified in the days following the shooting, as more information pertaining to the department's inaction was revealed.[84] Since the shooting, Israel has declined to resign and refused to take responsibility for his role in failing to stop Cruz before the mass shooting took place.[85] In an interview with CNN, Israel described his leadership at the department as "amazing", a claim that was widely mocked and criticized.[86][87][88][89]

Legal proceedings

Cruz's arraignment (3:02)

At his arraignment the day after the shootings, Cruz was charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder and ordered held without bond.[90][91] If convicted of first degree murder, he faces either the death penalty or life without parole.[92] According to an affidavit by the sheriff's office, Cruz confessed to the shooting. He also told officers that he brought additional loaded magazines hidden in a backpack.[5][93]

The chief public defender said it is yet unknown if his attorneys will seek an insanity defense.[94]

Cruz was placed on suicide watch in an isolation cell (solitary confinement) after the arraignment.[95]

The defense, headed by Gordon Weekes, asked Judge Elizabeth Scherer to recuse herself, claiming her previous comments and rulings showed favoritism toward prosecutors, which prevented a fair trial. She disagreed and declined the request on February 26.[96]

On March 7, Cruz was indicted by a grand jury on 34 charges: 17 counts of first-degree murder and 17 counts of attempted first-degree murder.[97] On March 13, he was arraigned and the prosecution filed notice of its intent to seek the death penalty, saying it can prove Cruz knowingly created great risk of death to many persons by committing an especially heinous or cruel capital felony during a burglary without pretense of moral or legal justification. Cruz declined to enter a plea, so Judge Scherer entered "not guilty" on his behalf. The defense had earlier offered a guilty plea if the death penalty was taken off the table, and reiterated it immediately before it was refused.[98]

Aftermath

President Trump and First Lady Melania visit a victim at Broward Health North Medical Center, two days after the shooting.

The school district provided grief counseling to students and their families. Attorney General Bondi said the fees of funerals and counseling would be paid for by the state.[99]

At least three counties of Florida and Virginia increased police presence at schools on February 15 in response to the shooting.[100][101][102] The building where the shooting took place will be torn down.[103]

On February 28 (two weeks after the shooting), the school reopened to students amid a heavy police presence.[104] Ty Thompson—the school's principal—emphasized the first week back would be focused on healing, with classes ending at 11:40 a.m. through March 2. He tweeted "... Remember our focus is on emotional readiness and comfort not curriculum: so there is no need for backpacks. Come ready to start the healing process and #RECLAIMTHENEST".[104][105] Extra counseling and emotional support dogs were provided to students upon return.[104]

Officer response

The school resource officer (SRO) who remained outside Building 12 during the shooting was a sheriff's deputy; he was suspended without pay the following day but he immediately retired. Sheriff Israel said "[the deputy] was absolutely on campus for this entire event" and that he should have "[gone] in, addressed the killer, [and] killed the killer".[72][106][107] A statement released by the officer's lawyer said he believed the shooting was happening outside the building, which he said he told the first Coral Springs police officer who arrived on scene. It also pointed to radio transmissions indicating a gunshot victim near the football field.[23] However, the Miami Herald transcribed radio dispatches that the SRO at 2:23 said, "possible shots fired — 1200 building". At 2:25, he radioed that "We also heard it's by, inside the 1200". At 2:27, at Building 12, he radioed, "Stay at least 500 feet away at this point."[108] On March 15 in compliance with a court order, the sheriff's office released video footage, captured by school surveillance cameras, showing some of the SRO's movements during the shooting.[109]

Unnamed sources told CNN that Coral Springs police arrived at the scene and saw three Broward deputies behind their vehicles with pistols drawn.[107] The commanding sheriff's office captain ordered deputies to form a perimeter instead of immediately confronting the shooter; this tactic was contrary to BSO training regarding active shooters. Based on time stamps of the police logs, the order was given some time after the shooting had stopped.[110] Sheriff Israel said that Coral Springs officers were the first to enter the building, about four minutes after Cruz had left the school.[110] Due to a tape delay in viewing surveillance footage, officers believed that Cruz was still in the building.[111] As of early March, there were three investigations into the timeline of police response.[112][107]

President Donald Trump criticized the failure of officers to enter the building during the shooting. On February 26, he said that he believed he would have entered "even if I didn't have a weapon, and I think most of the people in this room would have done that, too",[113] a claim and reaction that was mocked by the media.[114][115][116][117]

Political reaction

Sheriff Israel visits a victim.[118]

President Trump offered his prayers and condolences to the victims' families, writing, "no child, teacher or anyone else should ever feel unsafe in an American school".[119][120] In a televised address, he mentioned school safety and mental health issues.[121] Florida Governor Rick Scott ordered that flags at state buildings be flown at half-staff,[122] and Trump later ordered flags be flown at half-staff for the entire country.[123] Two days after the shooting, Trump and his wife Melania visited Broward Health North, a hospital that had taken in eight of the shooting victims. They met with two victims and Trump praised doctors and law enforcement officials for their responses to the attack.[124]

On February 22, Trump met with students and others at the White House for a "listening session". He suggested arming up to 20% of the teachers to stop "maniacs" from attacking students. The following day, he called a "gun free" school a "magnet" for criminals and tweeted, "Highly trained, gun adept, teachers/coaches would solve the problem instantly, before police arrive."[125][126]

BBC News characterized Republican politicians' reactions as focusing on mental health issues while dodging debate on gun control, with the reasoning that it was either "too political or too soon". Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan said that this was the time to "step back and count our blessings" instead of "taking sides and fighting each other politically".[127] Florida Senator Marco Rubio said that "most" proposals on stricter gun laws "would not have prevented" this shooting nor "any of those in recent history" and that lawmakers should take action with "focus on the violence part" alongside guns.[128]

Al Hoffman Jr., a Republican donor in Florida, pledged that he would no longer fund legislative groups or candidates who were not actively working to ban sales of military-style assault weapons to civilians. He said, "For how many years now have we been doing this – having these experiences of terrorism, mass killings – and how many years has it been that nothing's been done?"[129]

Sheriff Israel called on lawmakers to amend the Baker Act to allow police to detain and hospitalize people who make disturbing posts on social media, not just clear threats. "I'm talking about being around bombs, possibly talking about 'I want to be a serial killer', talking about taking people's lives", he said. "Just taking a picture with a gun or a knife or a weapon – that in and of itself is clearly not even remotely something that we're concerned about."[130]

Gun control debate

Main article: 2018 United States gun violence protests
Student Emma González speaks at the Rally to Support Firearm Safety Legislation in Fort Lauderdale, February 17
Students protest outside the White House in Washington, D.C., February 18

Many student survivors criticized the response from politicians and asked them not to offer condolences but to take action to prevent more children from being killed in shootings. These students have demanded stricter gun control measures.[131][132] Survivor Emma González was noted for her speech that rebuked thoughts and prayers from politicians.[133][134] She later helped lead a protest movement against gun violence in the United States.[135] Broward County Schools Superintendent Rob Runcie said, "now is the time to have a real conversation about gun control legislation".[93][136] Lori Alhadeff, whose daughter was killed in the shooting, implored President Trump to do something to improve school safety.[137]

In the aftermath of the shooting, some of the student survivors organized a group called Never Again MSD. The group was created on social media with the hashtag #NeverAgain,[138][139] activism inspired in part by the ground broken by the #MeToo movement and the 2018 Women's March.[140] The group demanded legislative action to prevent similar shootings, and has condemned lawmakers who received political contributions from the National Rifle Association.[141][142] The group held a rally on February 17 in Fort Lauderdale that was attended by hundreds of supporters.[143][144]

Since the shooting, several more rallies have been planned to take place with the focus on legislative action. The Women's March Network organized a 17-minute school walkout that took place on March 14.[145][146] A series of demonstrations called "March for Our Lives" on March 24 included a march in Washington, D.C.[147][148][149] On April 20, the anniversary of the Columbine High School massacre, all-day walkouts are planned for teacher groups by educators Diane Ravitch and David Berliner,[150] as well as student groups.[151][152]

On February 20, dozens of Stoneman Douglas High School students went to the State Capital in Tallahassee and watched as the Florida House of Representatives rejected a bill that would have banned assault weapons. Students strongly criticized the vote. The bill's sponsor, Carlos Guillermo Smith, noted the peculiarity of the timing of the rejection both because of the tragedy at Stoneman Douglas High School and because the Florida House of Representatives had just recently passed a bill declaring that pornography is a public health risk.[153]

In mid-March Lori Alhadeff, announced her own nonprofit organization Make Schools Safe which will be mostly focusing on school campus security.[154]

Florida law

In March, the Florida Legislature passed a bill titled the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act. It raises the minimum age for buying rifles to 21, establishes waiting periods and background checks, provides a program for the arming of some school employees and hiring of school police, bans bump stocks, and bars some potentially violent or mentally unhealthy people arrested under certain laws from possessing guns. In all, it allocated around $400 million.[155] Rick Scott signed the bill into law on March 9.[7] The same day, the NRA challenged the law when it filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida. The NRA alleged that the ban on gun sales to people under 21 was unconstitutional because it violated the rights that the Second and Fourteenth Amendments conferred to 18- to 21-year-olds, who were classified as adults.[8]

NRA boycott

Main article: 2018 NRA boycott

Following the shooting, a boycott emerged against the U.S. gun rights advocacy group National Rifle Association (NRA) and its business affiliates. Calls for companies to sever their ties to the NRA, including discounts affiliates and gun retailers, resulted in several companies terminating their business relationships with the NRA.[156][157][158][159]

Conspiracy theories, disinformation, and harassment

Student David Hogg was subject to widespread allegations of being a crisis actor.

Right-wing conspiracy theories circulated in the wake of the shooting. The speculation included false claims that the shooting did not happen or was staged by "crisis actors".[160][161][162] In one of the claims, Benjamin A. Kelly, a district secretary for Republican state Rep. Shawn Harrison, sent an email to the Tampa Bay Times stating that the children in the picture were not students at the school.[160] The children were actually students at Stoneman Douglas High School who were interviewed by CNN. As a result of the backlash, Kelly was fired hours later.[160] Former Republican congressman and CNN contributor Jack Kingston suggested student demonstrators were paid by billionaire George Soros or were supported by members of Antifa.[160] A video with a description espousing a conspiracy theory that student David Hogg was a "crisis actor" reached No. 1 on YouTube's trending page before it was removed by the company.[163]

The Alliance for Securing Democracy showed that Russia-linked accounts on Twitter and other platforms used the shooting's aftermath to inflame tensions and divide Americans by posting loaded comments that oppose gun control.[164][165] Other Russia-linked accounts labeled the shooting a false flag operation that the U.S. government would exploit to seize guns from citizens.[166]

Some of the survivors of the massacre and their relatives were targeted by online harassment, including death threats.[167][168] Cameron Kasky wrote on Twitter that he was quitting Facebook for the time being, because the death threats from "NRA cultists" were slightly more graphic on a service without a character limit.[169]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 4700 block of Wyndham Lakes Drive, Coral Springs.[1]
  2. ^ Also known as the "freshman building" because it was originally built for use only by freshmen, it later became used for other grades as well.[16]
  3. ^ Called in as a gunshot wound, according to an emergency room doctor.[30]

References

  1. ^ a b Blaskey, Sarah (February 16, 2018). "He turned school into slaughterhouse, then stopped at McDonald's". Miami Herald. MSN.
  2. ^ Laughland, Oliver; Luscombe, Richard; Yuhas, Alan (February 15, 2018). "Florida school shooting: at least 17 people dead on 'horrific, horrific day'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Earl, Jennifer (February 14, 2018). "Florida school shooting among 10 deadliest in modern US history". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Fleshler, David; Hobbs, Stephen; Huriash, Lisa J.; Trischitta, Linda (March 2, 2018). "Captain in Parkland school shooting was brought onto force by Sheriff Israel". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Florida school shooting suspect hid among students after massacre". CBS News. Associated Press. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Rozsa, Lori; Berman, Mark; Barrett, Devlin (February 15, 2018). "'A day of mourning': Florida school shooting suspect denied bond, charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ a b Sanchez, Ray; Yan, Holly (March 9, 2018). "Florida Gov. Rick Scott signs gun bill". CNN. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  8. ^ a b Schweers, Jeffrey (March 9, 2018). "NRA sues Florida over gun bill same day Gov. Scott signed it into law". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  9. ^ a b Hayes, Christal; Bohatch, Emily (February 14, 2018). "'I'm sick to my stomach': 17 dead in Florida high school shooting; former student in custody". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Burch, Audra D. S.; Mazzei, Patricia (February 14, 2018). "Death Toll Is at 17 and Could Rise in Shooting". The New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  11. ^ Neal, David J. (February 28, 2018). "Uber driver says Nikolas Cruz told her: 'I am going to my music class'". Miami Herald. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  12. ^ Johnson, Alex (February 15, 2018). "As officers searched Florida school, shooting suspect was shopping, authorities say". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Teacher told students to run after encountering Florida school shooting suspect". CBS News. February 16, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  14. ^ a b c Fahrenthold, David A.; Sullivan, Kevin; Schmidt, Samantha (February 15, 2018). "What happened in the 82 minutes between Nikolas Cruz's arrival and arrest during Florida shooting". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Chavez, Nicole; Almasy, Steve (March 8, 2018). "What happened, moment by moment, in the Florida school massacre". CNN. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  16. ^ a b Almukhtar, Sarah; Lai, K. K. Rebecca; Singvhi, Anjali; Yourish, Karen (February 15, 2018). "What Happened Inside the Florida School Shooting". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  17. ^ Nehamas, Nicholas; Smiley, David (February 27, 2018). "Florida school shooter's AR-15 may have jammed, saving lives, report says". Miami Herald. Retrieved March 2, 2018. Cruz went in with only 10-round magazines because larger clips would not fit in his duffel bag
  18. ^ Swisher, Skyler; McMahon, Paula. "Nikolas Cruz passed background check, including mental health questions, to get AR-15 rifle". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Zwirz, Elizabeth (February 14, 2018). "Parkland high school shooting: At least 17 killed, suspect in custody, Florida sheriff says". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Suspect, Nikolas Cruz, in custody in Parkland school shooting in Florida". CBS News. February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  21. ^ Johnson, Alex (February 15, 2018). "'Today was different': Douglas High teacher describes confusion then terror". NBC News. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  22. ^ Fleshler, David; Chokey, Aric; Huriash, Lisa J.; Trischitta, Linda (February 14, 2018). "Florida school shooting leaves 17 dead as gunman stalked halls". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ a b Ovalle, David (February 26, 2018). "I'm no coward, says deputy who didn't go inside Parkland school during massacre". Miami Herald. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
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  164. ^ Papenfuss, Mary (February 16, 2018). "Russia-Linked Accounts Exploit Parkland Shooting on Twitter, Analysts Say". HuffPost. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  165. ^ Griffith, Erin (February 15, 2018). "Pro-Gun Russian Bots Flood Twitter After Parkland Shooting". Wired. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  166. ^ Applebaum, Anne. "After the Parkland shooting, pro-Russian bots are pushing false-flag allegations again". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  167. ^ Wong, Herman (February 28, 2018). "His daughter was killed in Parkland. He's begging President Trump to protect those who survived". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  168. ^ Timberg, Craig; Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Ohlheiser, Abby; Tran, Andrew Ba (February 21, 2018). "How a survivor of the Florida school shooting became the victim of an online conspiracy". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  169. ^ Shamsian, Jacob (February 23, 2018). "Florida school shooting: Teenage survivor says he's quitting Facebook because of death threats from 'NRA cultists'". The Independent.

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