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Menteri Besar of Perak

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Menteri Besar of Perak
since 10 December 2020
Government of Perak
StyleYang Amat Berhormat (The Most Honourable)
Member ofPerak State Executive Council
Reports toPerak State Legislative Assembly
ResidenceJalan Raja Dihilir, Ipoh, Perak
SeatAras 2, Bangunan Perak Darul Ridzuan, Jalan Panglima Bukit Gantang Wahab, 30000 Ipoh, Perak
AppointerNazrin Muizzuddin Shah
Sultan of Perak
Term length5 years or lesser, renewable once (while commanding the confidence of the Perak State Legislative Assembly
With State Elections held no more than five years apart)
Inaugural holderAbdul Wahab Toh Muda Abdul Aziz
Formation1 February 1948; 76 years ago (1948-02-01)
Websitewww.perak.gov.my

The Menteri Besar of Perak is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Perak. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Perak State Legislative Assembly.

The current holder of Menteri Besar of Perak post is Saarani Mohammad, who has served since 10 December 2020.

Appointment

According to the state constitution, the Sultan of Perak shall first appoint the Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council and requires such Menteri Besar to be a member of the Legislative Assembly who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly, must be an ethnic Malay who professes the religion of Islam and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalisation or by registration. The Sultan on the Menteri Besar's advice shall appoint not more than ten nor less than four members from among the members of the Legislative Assembly.

The member of the Executive Council must take and subscribe in the presence of the Sultan the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy before they can exercise the functions of office. The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. The members of the Executive Council shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest.

If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly, or the Legislative Assembly passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Menteri Besar is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Sultan's choice of replacement Menteri Besar will be dictated by the circumstances. A member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office during the pleasure of the Sultan, unless the appointment of any member of the Executive Council shall have been revoked by the Sultan on the advice of the Menteri Besar but may at any time resign his office.

Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeated in an election or the death of the Menteri Besar, the Sultan will generally appoint as Menteri Besar the person voted by the governing party as their new leader.

Powers

The power of the Menteri Besar is subject to a number of limitations. Menteri Besar removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the Legislative Assembly, must advise a state election or resign the office or be dismissed by the Sultan. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Legislative Assembly, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply.

The Menteri Besar's party will normally have a majority in the Legislative Assembly and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Perak politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the Legislative Assembly is mostly a formality.

Caretaker Menteri Besar

The legislative assembly unless sooner dissolved by the Sultan with His Majesty's own discretion on the advice of the Menteri Besar shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. The state constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and the legislative assembly shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one legislative assembly and the convening of the next, the Menteri Besar and the executive council remain in office in a caretaker capacity.

List of Menteris Besar of Perak

The following is the list of Menteris Besar of Perak since 1948:[1]

Colour key (for political parties):
  UMNO   NAP   Alliance /   Barisan Nasional   PAS   Pakatan Harapan   Perikatan Nasional

# Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Constituency 		Political party[a] Term of office Electoral
mandates
(Assembly)
1 style="background:Template:United Malays National Organisation/meta/color;"| Abdul Wahab Toh Muda Abdul Aziz
(1905–1959) 		UMNO 1 February 1948 1 August 1957 –
IND
NAP
2 style="background:Template:Alliance Party (Malaysia)/meta/color;"| Mohamed Ghazali Jawi
(1924–1982)
MLC for Larut-South Matang, 1955–1959
MLA for Grik, 1959–1960
Kenering, 1974–1977 		Alliance (UMNO) 1 August 1957 16 April 1960

–
1959 (1st)

3 style="background:Template:Alliance Party (Malaysia)/meta/color;"| Shaari Shafie
(1912–1966)
MLC for Sungei Siput, 1954–1959
MLA for Senggang, 1959–1964 		16 April 1960 7 May 1964

– (1st)

4 style="background:Template:Alliance Party (Malaysia)/meta/color;"| Ahmad Said
(1919–1974)
MLA for Lenggong, 1959–1974 		7 May 1964 18 March 1970

1964 (2nd)
1969 (3rd)

5 style="background:Template:Alliance Party (Malaysia)/meta/color;"| Kamaruddin Mohd. Isa
(1930–1989)[2]
MLA for Larut, 1959–1974 		18 March 1970 4 September 1974

– (3rd)

style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| BN (UMNO)
6 style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| Mohamed Ghazali Jawi
(1924–1982)[3]
MLC for Larut-South Matang, 1955–1959
MLA for Grik, 1959–1960
Kenering, 1974–1977 		4 September 1974 1 October 1977

1974 (4th)

7 style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| Wan Mohamed Wan Teh
(1929–1993)
MLA for Grik, 1969–1974
Temengor, 1974–1978
Kenering, 1978–1983 		1 October 1977 1 March 1983

– (4th)
1978 (5th)
1982 (6th)

8 style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| Ramli Ngah Talib
(b. 1941)
MLA for Kampong Gajah, 1978–1999 		1 March 1983 3 December 1999

– (6th)
1986 (7th)
1990 (8th)
1995 (9th)

9 style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali
(b. 1944)
MLA for Kenering, 1977–1978, 1999–2004
Pengkalan Hulu, 2004–2013 		3 December 1999 17 March 2008

1999 (10th)
2004 (11th)

10 style="background:Template:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party/meta/color;"| Ir. Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin
(b. 1957)
MLA for Pasir Panjang, 2008–2013
Changkat Jering, 2013-2018
Sungai Rapat, since 2018 		PR (PAS) 17 March 2008 6 February 2009

2008 (12th)

11 style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| File:Zambry Abdul Kadir.jpg Dr. Zambry Abdul Kadir
(b. 1962)
MLA for Pangkor, since 2004 		BN (UMNO) 12 May 2009 12 May 2018

– (12th)
2013 (13th)

12 style="background:Template:Pakatan Harapan/meta/color;"| Ahmad Faizal Azumu
(b. 1970)
MLA for Chenderiang, since 2018 		PH (BERSATU) 12 May 2018 10 March 2020 2018 (14th)
13 style="background:Template:Perikatan Nasional/meta/color;"| PN (BERSATU) 13 March 2020 5 December 2020 – (14th)
Vacant 5 December 2020 10 December 2020 – (14th)
14 style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/color;"| Saarani Mohammad
(b. 1961)
MLA for Lenggong, 1999-2004
MLA for Kota Tampan, since 2004 		BN (UMNO) 10 December 2020 Incumbent – (14th)
  1. ^ This column names only the Menteri Besar's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.

Living former Menteris Besar

Name Term of office Date of birth
Ramli Ngah Talib 1983–1999 16 March 1941 (age 83)
Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali 1999–2008 6 November 1944 (age 79)
Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin 2008-2009 17 March 1957 (age 67)
Zambry Abdul Kadir 2009–2018 22 March 1962 (age 62)
Ahmad Faizal Azumu 2018–2020 10 June 1970 (age 54)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Perak". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  2. ^ http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/issue/beritaharian19890114-1
  3. ^ http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=1998&dt=1228&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Rencana&pg=ot_03.htm
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