Lithium cyanide
| |||
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.017.554 | ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| UN number | 1935 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| LiCN | |||
| Molar mass | 32.959 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | White Powder | ||
| Density | 1.073 g/cm3 (18 °C) | ||
| Melting point | 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) Dark colored | ||
| Boiling point | N/A | ||
| Soluble | |||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
N/A | ||
| Structure | |||
| - | |||
| Fourfold | |||
| Hazards | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 57 °C (135 °F; 330 K) | ||
| N/A | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | 742899 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
|
Sodium cyanide, Potassium cyanide, Hydrogen cyanide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |||
Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white colored, hygroscopic, water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses.
Preparation
LiCN arises from the interaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation uses acetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate for HCN: [4]
- (CH3)2C(OH)CN + LiH → (CH3)2CO + LiCN + H2
Uses
The compound decomposes to cyanamide and carbon when heated to a temperature close to but below 600°C. Acids react to give hydrogen cyanide.[5]
Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compound cyanation.[6]
- RX + LiCN → RCN
References
- ^ J. A. Lely, J. M. Bijvoet (1942), "The Crystal Structure of Lithium Cyanide", Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 61, London: WILEY-VCH Verlag, doi:10.1002/recl.19420610402
- ^ Haynes, W.M (2013), "Bernard Lewis", in Bruno, Thomas. (ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: Fitzroy Dearborn
- ^ Material Safety Data Sheet: Lithium Cyanide, 0.5M Solution in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Fisher Scientific, 16 June 1999
- ^ "Trimethylsilyl Cyanide: Cyanosilylation of p-Benzoquinone". Org. Synth. 60: 126. 1981. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0126.
{{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help) - ^ L. Pesce (2010). "Cyanides". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0325011416051903.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0471238966.
- ^ Harusawa, Shinya; Yoneda, Ryuji; Omori, Yukie; Kurihara, Takushi (1987). "Non-aqueous cyanation of halides using lithium cyanide". Tetrahedron Letters. 28 (36). Elsevier: 4189–4190. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95575-8.