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Melksham

Coordinates: 51°22′16″N 2°08′17″W / 51.371°N 2.138°W / 51.371; -2.138
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Melksham
Melksham Town Hall and marketplace
Melksham is located in Wiltshire
Melksham
Melksham
Location within Wiltshire
Population14,677 (in 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceST9063
Civil parish
  • Melksham
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMelksham
Postcode districtSN12
Dialling code01225
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
Websitewww.melkshamtown.co.uk Edit this at Wikidata
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°22′16″N 2°08′17″W / 51.371°N 2.138°W / 51.371; -2.138

Melksham (/ˈmɛlkʃəm/) is a town on the River Avon in Wiltshire, England, about 4.5 miles (7 km) northeast of Trowbridge and 6 miles (10 km) south of Chippenham. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 19,357,[2] making it Wiltshire's fifth-largest settlement after Swindon, Salisbury, Chippenham and Trowbridge.

History

Melksham developed at a ford across the River Avon and the name is presumed to derive from "meolc", the Old English for milk, and "ham", a village. On John Speed's map of Wiltshire (1611), the name is spelt both Melkesam (for the hundred) and Milsham (for the town itself).

Melksham is also the name of the Royal forest that occupied the surrounding of the area in the Middle Ages.[3]

In 1539 the prioress and nuns of Amesbury surrendered to the king[citation needed] their Melksham estates, which they had held for some 250 years. This property, which consisted of the Lordship of the Manor and Hundred, was in 1541 granted to Sir Thomas Seymour. Seymour then sold it to Henry Brouncker, who had already made purchases of real estate in the neighbourhood. At some uncertain date, perhaps about 1550, Brouncker built a residence for himself on the site of an earlier mansion. This was known as Place House, built in a style suitable to that of a resident lord, who was also a man of considerable wealth.

Three generations of the family lived here: Henry Brouncker the founder, (d.1569), his son, Sir William, and his grandson Henry. On the death of this last Henry, about 1600, it became manifest that the Brouncker estate was heavily encumbered, and in the course of the next twenty or thirty years, all the property was alienated with the exception of Erlestoke, where William Brouncker, the heir, retired with his wife Anne, daughter of Sir John Dauntesey. Meanwhile, Place House was occupied for ten or eleven years by Henry Brouncker's widow and her second husband, Ambrose Dauntesey. After their death, in 1612, the house apparently was occupied by the steward, and afterwards it was conveyed to Sir John Danvers, who married into the family, in 1634. Danvers died in 1655 and the lordship of Melksham passed to his son, who then conveyed the estate to Walter Long the Younger, of Whaddon. The lordship remained in the Long family, who were descended from the first Henry Brouncker, until the early part of the 20th century, having passed to the 1st Viscount Long of Wraxall.

Early Melksham Bank

An announcement was made in the Bath Chronicle in June 1792 of the establishment of the Melksham Bank by the firm of Awdry, Long & Bruges. In November 1813 the misquoting of part of an advertisement in two London newspapers caused panic amongst the bank customers, many of whom quickly withdrew their money, reportedly causing "some bustle" among the partners of the bank. There was further trouble in 1824, when the bank was listed on a Parliamentary Paper of the House of Commons under the title "Country Banks Becoming Bankrupt". John Long, one of the original partners, had by then become sole proprietor with the financial backing of his elder brother Richard Godolphin Long MP. The elder Long lost a considerable amount of money, which his brother John had to repay him at the rate of £3,000 a year for the rest of his life. Later proprietors Moule, Son & Co announced a re-opening of the bank 12 January 1826.[citation needed]

Moule's bank became the North Wilts Banking Company in 1835, which merged in 1877 to form Capital and Counties Bank. The latter developed a nationwide branch network and was taken over by Lloyds Bank in 1918.[4]

Masonic Lodge

Freemasonry first came to Melksham in 1817 [citation needed], when a former Lodge of Westbury was transferred, and the first meeting was held in Melksham at The King's Arms on 9 September that year. In 1829, because of opposition by the inhabitants of Melksham, the lodge had to move to a neighbouring village, and for nearly 70 years masonry was not practised in Melksham until the formation of the Chaloner Lodge.

The Chaloner Lodge of Freemasons (no.2644) was named after its first Worshipful Master Richard Godolphin Walmesley Chaloner, 1st Baron Gisborough, who, when not in London, resided at Melksham House. He was the brother of the 1st Viscount Long. The lodge was consecrated on 27 February 1897, with the first meeting scheduled for 4 pm 19 March, held at the town hall. Writing from London while attending his Parliamentary duties as MP for Westbury, he complained that this date was inconvenient due to his having to be at Melton Mowbray to ride in the House of Commons point to point steeplechase the next day. Despite this, the meeting went ahead and Chaloner initiated 13 of the candidates, returning to London overnight by train, getting virtually no sleep before his ride in the steeplechase early the next morning, resulting in him twice falling heavily from his horse.[5] Later while deciding what extra furniture the lodge required, he asked that he have a special footstool, as his chair was high and his feet "dangled unpleasantly".[5] By November 1897 a new masonic lodge was built at Church Street.

The Spa

The Spa features large stone lodging houses.

In 1815 the Melksham Spa Company was formed by a group of 'respectable gentlemen', with names such as Methuen, Long and others, all of whom had done very well from the now declining textile industry. Their aim was to promote a spa, after abortive attempts to find coal had uncovered two springs. As a consequence they built six large three-storeyed, semi-detached lodging houses forming a crescent, a pump room and hot and cold private baths. This suburban area at the southern end of the town is now known as The Spa, belonging to the civil parish of Melksham Without. A plan for a similar crescent on the north side never materialised. Simultaneously an Act was obtained to 'improve the pleasing town of Melksham' by paving and improving its footways and cleansing, lighting and watching the streets. The spa was not as successful as had been hoped, due in part to the popularity of the waters at nearby Bath.

Buildings and structures

There are two Grade II* listings in the parish: St Michael's Church and one of the chest tombs in its churchyard.[6][7]

Pevsner wrote that "the only rewarding part of Melksham is by the church".[8] Melksham House, south of the church, is early 18th century but largely rebuilt after a 1920 fire and adapted for use as a sports and social club.[9] Southwest of the church, a 15th-century tithe barn was remodelled into a school by G. E. Street in 1878;[10] the school left the premises in 1973[11] and the building is now residential.

The area around Canon Square, north of the church, has several Grade II listed houses and cottages, among them a former vicarage dating from the late 17th century, remodelled in 1877 by Street and now divided into two residences.[12] There is also a small two-storey roundhouse, built in the late 18th century for the wool industry.[13]

The town's four-span bridge over the Avon is from the late 18th century.[14]

Religious sites

St Michael's Church was begun in the 12th century.

A church was recorded at Melksham in Domesday Book, 1086.[15] The parish church of St Michael and All Angels has 12th-century origins, and was enlarged in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries; in 1845 it was restored by T. H. Wyatt and is now a Grade II* listed building.[6][16] As the town expanded, in 1876 St Andrew's church was built in Early English style to serve the Forest area to the northeast of the town.[17]

A Baptist chapel was erected at Old Broughton Road in 1714, and replaced with a larger building on the same site in 1776 which was enlarged in 1839. In 1850 there were 165 members, and 340 children attended the Sunday School. In 1909, school buildings were completed on land in front of the chapel.[18][19]

Melksham United Church

Ebenezer Baptist Church, Union Street, was built in 1835 by Particular Baptists.[16][20] A Methodist chapel was built on the High Street in 1872, its two-storey front having four large Corinthian columns and a cornice with oculus.[21] This became the United Church after the union of the Methodists and Congregationalists in 1976, and the Congregrational church off the Market Place closed.[22]

A Catholic church, St Anthony of Padua, was built in pale brick to the south of the town centre and opened in 1939.[23] An independent congregation built Queensway Chapel in the eastern suburbs in 1967.[24]

Melksham has a long history of Quakerism, beginning with meetings nearby at Shaw in the 17th century. A meeting-house was built in 1698 at what is now King Street, and rebuilt on the same site around 1777[25] (or 1734).[26] Quakerism declined in the 19th century but the Melksham meeting continued until 1950. The meeting-house was sold in 1958 and was used as a Spiritualist church for a time;[27] in 2015 the building was restored and converted into offices.[28]

Governance

The two Melksham councils' noticeboards at the Town Library

The most significant local government functions (including schools, roads, social services, recycling, emergency planning, leisure services, housing, development control and waste disposal) are carried out by Wiltshire Council.

Melksham is a civil parish with an elected town council. This has a mostly consultative role, and the chairman of the town council has the title Mayor of Melksham. Local elections generally return a mixture of Labour members, Liberal Democrats, Conservatives and Independents. The outskirts of Melksham, and some surrounding communities, are administered by another parish council, Melksham Without.

There are three electoral wards in the town itself (Central, North and South). They are the same total area and population as shown above. Melksham is in the Chippenham parliamentary constituency.

See also

Geography

The civil parish of Melksham includes Melksham Forest, formerly a separate settlement 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the northeast and now a suburb of the town. It has an Anglican church (St Andrew's, 1876)[29] and had a Methodist chapel (1905 to before 2010).[30][31]

The parish of Melksham Without includes several villages and suburbs of Melksham:

  • Bowerhill, a large residential community generally considered as separate from Melksham, with a large industrial area
  • Hunter's Meadow, a relatively new district north of Bowerhill
  • Berryfield, a village south of and adjacent to Melksham, often considered part of the town
  • Beanacre, a village to the north, again often considered as a northern suburb of the town.

Economy

The Bear, Melksham

The Shell Guide to Wiltshire, published in 1968, characterised the town as "with the exception of Swindon the most industrialized in the county".[32] Today, Melksham has many varied industries including Avon Rubber, which previously owned the Avon Tyre plant in the town centre. Cooper Tire & Rubber Company now owns the plant, and is still a major employer in the town, producing Cooper Avon and Avon Tyres brands. In 2000, Avon Rubber plc moved to a large purpose-built facility 3 km (1.9 mi) to the south of the town near Semington, employing over 300 on products such as gasmasks. Melksham is also home to Knorr-Bremse, a designer and manufacturer of railway braking systems, at a purpose-built facility in south Bowerhill.

The town has a thriving business district and is also close to the retail centres of Bath, Bristol, Chippenham, Trowbridge and Swindon and is surrounded by attractive villages such as Lacock, Holt, Seend and Semington. Substantial funding has allowed a variety of expansion and enhancement programmes, including improvement of the town centre. To cater for the growth in recent years, there are new schools and improved infrastructure, although small pockets of Melksham town centre, including a 1960 shopping parade, await redevelopment.

Melksham has a number of pharmacies, high street clothes shops, charity shops and privately run individual stores. It has five supermarkets: Asda, Sainsbury's, Waitrose, Lidl and Aldi.

Culture and community

Melksham has an Assembly Hall and the Rachel Fowler Centre, while many of the surrounding villages have community halls which offer a wide variety of activities. Melksham Oak Community School offers a variety of sporting and cultural facilities to the community of Melksham.

The town has an annual 'Party in the Park' which usually takes place in July. It includes a fair with rides and amusements, a fireworks display, a stage hosting musical and dance acts and a carnival parade through the town with floats promoting local businesses and clubs and raising money for charity.

Melksham Independent News is the town's family-owned independent newspaper, established in 1981. Over 13,700 copies of the paper are distributed across the town and surrounding villages biweekly.[33]

Sport and leisure

Melksham has a non-League football club, Melksham Town F.C., who play at the Oakfield Stadium on Eastern Way, which opened in January 2017.[34] In 2018 the club won promotion from the Western League to the Southern League.[35] Melksham Rugby Union Club also play at the Oakfields complex, on separate pitches.[36]

In the town there is a swimming pool and at Bowerhill is the Wiltshire School of Gymnastics. Melksham also has a cricket club who play their home matches at the Melksham House ground. The club has both youth and adult teams; in the 2019 season their Saturday side competes in Division 4 of the Wiltshire County Cricket League following promotion in 2018.[37]

In November 2019, Wiltshire Council gave final planning permission for the much-delayed Community Campus on the grounds of Melksham House, which will provide a swimming pool, library, sports centre and council offices.

Transport

Melksham station in 2020

The town is served by Melksham railway station, on the branch of the Wessex Main Line from Chippenham to Trowbridge, with trains roughly every two hours in each direction on weekdays.[38] Trains are operated by Great Western Railway, with services marketed as the 'TransWilts line' between Westbury and Swindon.[39]

Melksham is on the north–south A350 main road from the M4 motorway (Junction 17, near Chippenham) to Poole on the south coast. It is served by bus companies including Faresaver and First West of England. The A350 stretch directly to the south of the town has been designed to allow for possible future expansion to dual-carriageway status if required.

In February 2020, the central government gave its approval for a £125m eastern bypass of the A350 from north of Beanacre to the south of Hampton Park. This will improve the strategic role of the A350 by rerouting longer distance traffic around the town centre, bypassing the often congested Beanacre Road and Western Way bypass.[40]

Education

Primary schools within Melksham parish are:

  • Aloeric Primary School
  • Forest & Sandridge C of E Primary School
  • The Manor C of E VC Primary School (formerly Lowbourne Junior, St Michaels School)
  • River Mead School (formerly King's Park Primary School, Lowbourne Infants School)

Primary schools near the town include:

  • Bowerhill Primary School
  • Churchfields Primary School, Atworth
  • Seend C of E Primary School
  • Shaw C of E Primary School
  • St Mary's Broughton Gifford Primary School

There is one secondary school in the Melksham catchment area: Melksham Oak Community School opened in 2010 at Bowerhill, replacing The George Ward Technology College which served the community for over 50 years.

Stonar School, an all-ages independent day and boarding school, is nearby at Atworth.

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "Wiltshire Community History - Census". Wiltshire Council. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  2. ^ "KS101EW (Usual resident population) - Nomis - Official Labour Market Statistics". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  3. ^ Raymond Grant (1991). The royal forests of England. Wolfeboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-781-X. OL 1878197M. 086299781X. p222
  4. ^ "Our History: Capital & Counties Bank". Lloyds Banking Group. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  5. ^ a b Chaloner Lodge No. 2644 Installation & Centenary Festival Booklet. G. Webb 1997
  6. ^ a b Historic England. "Church of St Michael (1021707)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  7. ^ Historic England. "Turner memorial (1021708)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  8. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1975) [1963]. Wiltshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 344. ISBN 0-14-0710-26-4.
  9. ^ Historic England. "Melksham House (1285783)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  10. ^ Historic England. "6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 St. Michaels Court (1364169)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  11. ^ "St. Michael's Church of England Primary School, Melksham". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  12. ^ Historic England. "The Grange and Orchard Hall (1021696)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  13. ^ Historic England. "25, Church Street (1021698)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  14. ^ Historic England. "Bridge over River Avon (1364161)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  15. ^ Melksham in the Domesday Book
  16. ^ a b Pugh, R.B.; Crittall, Elizabeth, eds. (1953). "Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol. 7, pp. 91–121 – Parishes: Melksham". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  17. ^ Historic England. "Church of St. Andrew, Melksham Forest (1286098)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  18. ^ Historic England. "Baptist Church, Old Broughton Road (1021744)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  19. ^ "The History of our Church". Melksham Baptist Church. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Ebenezer Strict Baptist Chapel (1021748)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Melksham United Church (1364140)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  22. ^ "Congregational Church, Market Place, Melksham". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  23. ^ Thomas 2014, p. 14.
  24. ^ "Our History". Queensway Chapel. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  25. ^ "Quakerism in Melksham". Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre. June 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  26. ^ Historic England. "National Spiritualist Church (1194210)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  27. ^ "Quaker Meeting House, King Street, Melksham". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  28. ^ "Mayor of Melksham opens Kingsbury Hall". Procol Ltd. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  29. ^ "Church of St. Andrew, Forest, Melksham". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  30. ^ "Methodist Church, Forest, Melksham". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  31. ^ "Melksham Forest Methodist chapel". My Primitive Methodists. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  32. ^ Cheetham, J.H.; Piper, John (1968). Wiltshire: a Shell Guide. Faber & Faber. p. 131.
  33. ^ "About Us". Melksham Independent News. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  34. ^ McLean, Patrick (11 January 2017). "New sports club finally opens its doors in Melksham". Wiltshire Times. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  35. ^ "Melksham clinch promotion as runners-up". This Is Wiltshire. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  36. ^ McLean, Patrick (11 January 2017). "New sports club finally opens its doors in Melksham". Wiltshire Times. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  37. ^ "Fixtures in 2018 Division 5". Wiltshire County Cricket League. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  38. ^ "Swindon - Melksham - Westbury" (PDF). Great Western Railway. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  39. ^ "TransWilts". www.transwilts.org. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  40. ^ "Melksham bypass gets green light from the government". Melksham Independent News. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  41. ^ Westwood, I.O. (January 1884). "Biographical Notice: Edward Lowry Barnwell". Archaeologia Cambrensis. Fifth. The National Library of Wales: 67–70. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  42. ^ Bickerstaffe, Rodney. "Gill, Kenneth [Ken]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/101722. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  43. ^ Hart-Davis, Adam. "On-line: Science and Technology". Exnet.com. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  • Thomas, Brian (2014). Melksham and St. Michael's in War and Peace (PDF). The Well House Collection. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  • British Spas from 1815 to the Present: A Social History, Phyllis M. Hembry, Leonard W. Cowie, Evelyn E. Cowie, Social Science, 1997
  • Wiltshire Notes and Queries. Vol. IV 1903
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