Jump to content

Television set

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Spiderflash (talk | contribs) at 23:02, 2 February 2021. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"TV set" redirects here. For other uses, see Television set (disambiguation).

A flatscreen TCL TV on its stand, on top of a drawers table, HDMI-connected to a Windows computer which has Controller Companion, enabling it to use a Bluetooth-connected Xbox One controller as a remote input device. The blue light-filtered screen displays Wikipedia's homepage.
A Sony Wega CRT television set

A television set or television receiver, more commonly called a television, TV, TV set, telly, or tele, is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers, for the purpose of viewing and hearing television broadcasting through satellites or cables, or using it as a computer monitor. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first recorded media in the 1970s, such as Betamax, VHS and later DVD. It has been used as a display device since the first generation of home computers (e.g. Timex Sinclair 1000) and dedicated video game consoles (e.g. Atari) in the 1980s. By the early 2010s, flat-panel television incorporating liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology, especially LED-backlit LCD technology, largely replaced CRT and other display technologies.[1][2][3][4][5] Modern flat panel TVs are typically capable of high-definition display (720p, 1080i, 1080p) and can also play content from a USB device.

History

Main article: History of television

Early television

RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced electronic television set, which sold in 1946–1947

Mechanical televisions were commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in the United Kingdom,[6] United States, and Soviet Union.[7] The earliest commercially made televisions were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning disk with a spiral of apertures that produced a red postage-stamp size image, enlarged to twice that size by a magnifying glass. The Baird "Televisor" (sold in 1930–1933 in the UK) is considered the first mass-produced television, selling about a thousand units.[8]

In 1926, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated the first TV system that employed a cathode ray tube (CRT) display, at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan.[9] This was the first working example of a fully electronic television receiver.[10] His research toward creating a production model was halted by the US after Japan lost World War II.[9]

A television testing laboratory

The first commercially made electronic televisions with cathode ray tubes were manufactured by Telefunken in Germany in 1934,[11][12] followed by other makers in France (1936),[13] Britain (1936),[14] and America (1938).[15][16] The cheapest model with a 12-inch (30 cm) screen was $445 (equivalent to $9,632 in 2023).[17] An estimated 19,000 electronic televisions were manufactured in Britain, and about 1,600 in Germany, before World War II. About 7,000–8,000 electronic sets were made in the U.S.[18] before the War Production Board halted manufacture in April 1942, production resuming in August 1945. Television usage in the western world skyrocketed after World War II with the lifting of the manufacturing freeze, war-related technological advances, the drop in television prices caused by mass production, increased leisure time, and additional disposable income. While only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962.[19] In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968.[20]

Transistorized television

Early electronic television sets were large and bulky, with analog circuits made of vacuum tubes. As an example, the RCA CT-100 color TV set used 36 vacuum tubes.[21] Following the invention of the first working transistor at Bell Labs, Sony founder Masaru Ibuka predicted in 1952 that the transition to electronic circuits made of transistors would lead to smaller and more portable television sets.[22] The first fully transistorized, portable solid-state television set was the 8-inch Sony TV8-301, developed in 1959 and released in 1960.[23][24] However, the first fully transistorized color TV set, the HMV Colourmaster Model 2700, was released in 1967 by the British Radio Corporation. [25] This began the transformation of television viewership from a communal viewing experience to a solitary viewing experience.[26] By 1960, Sony had sold over 4 million portable television sets worldwide.[27]

The MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) was invented by Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959,[28] and presented in 1960.[29] RCA Laboratories researchers W.M. Austin, J.A. Dean, D.M. Griswold and O.P. Hart in 1966 proposed the use of the MOSFET in television circuits, including RF amplifier, low-level video, chroma and AGC circuits.[30] The MOSFET was later widely adopted for most television circuits.[31]

By the late 1960s and early 1970s, color television had come into wide use. In Britain, BBC1, BBC2 and ITV were regularly broadcasting in colour by 1969.[32]

LCD television

Building on the work of Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng on the MOSFET, Paul K. Weimer at RCA developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962.[33] It was a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET.[34] The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968.[35] Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated the concept in 1968 with a dynamic scattering LCD that used standard discrete MOSFETs.[36]

In 1973, T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories demonstrated the first thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).[37][38] Brody and Fang-Chen Luo demonstrated the first flat active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) in 1974.[35]

By 1982, pocket LCD TVs based on AM LCD technology were developed in Japan.[39] The 2.1-inch Epson ET-10[40] (Epson Elf) was the first color LCD pocket TV, released in 1984.[41] In 1988, a Sharp research team led by engineer T. Nagayasu demonstrated a 14-inch full-color LCD display,[35][42] which convinced the electronics industry that LCD would eventually replace cathode-ray tube (CRT) as the standard television display technology.[35]

During the first decade of the 21st century, CRT "picture tube" display technology was almost entirely supplanted worldwide by flat-panel displays. By the early 2010s, LCD TVs, which increasingly used LED-backlit LCDs, accounted for the overwhelming majority of television sets being manufactured.[1][2][3][4][5]

TV Sizes

Cambridge’s Clive Sinclair created a mini TV in 1967 which could be held in the palm of your hand and was the world's smallest television at the time, though it never took off commercially because the design was complex.[43] In 2019, Samsung launched the largest television to date at 292 inches, which is around 24 feet.[44] The average size of TVs has grown over time.[45][46][47]

Display

Main article: Display device

Television sets may employ one of several available display technologies. As of mid-2019, LCDs overwhelmingly predominate in new merchandise, but OLED displays are claiming an increasing market share as they become more affordable and DLP technology continues to offer some advantages in projection systems. The production of plasma and CRT displays has been completely discontinued.[1][2][3][4][5][48]

There are four primary competing TV technologies:

  • CRT
  • LCD (multiple variations of LCD screens are called QLED, quantum dot, LED, LCD TN, LCD IPS, LCD PLS, LCD VA, etc.)
  • OLED
  • Plasma

CRT

Main article: Cathode ray tube
A 14-inch cathode ray tube showing its deflection coils and electron guns

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns (a source of electrons or electron emitter) and a fluorescent screen used to view images.[49] It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam(s) onto the screen to create the images. The images may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets or others. The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope, which is large, deep (i.e., long from front screen face to rear end), fairly heavy, and relatively fragile. As a matter of safety, both the face (panel) and back (funnel) were typically made of thick lead glass so as to block most electron emissions from the electron gun in the very back of the tube. By the early 1970s, most color TVs replaced leaded glass in the face panel with vitrified barium glass, which also blocked electron gun emissions but allowed better color visibility. This also eliminated the need for cadmium phosphors in earlier color televisions. Leaded glass, which is less expensive, continued to be used in the funnel glass, which is not visible to the consumer.

In television sets and computer monitors, the entire front area of the tube is scanned repetitively and systematically in a fixed pattern called a raster. An image is produced by controlling the intensity of each of the three electron beams, one for each additive primary color (red, green, and blue) with a video signal as a reference.[50] In all modern CRT monitors and televisions, the beams are bent by magnetic deflection, a varying magnetic field generated by coils and driven by electronic circuits around the neck of the tube, although electrostatic deflection is commonly used in oscilloscopes, a type of diagnostic instrument.[50]

DLP

Main article: Digital Light Processing
The Christie Mirage 5000, a 2001 DLP projector.

Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a type of video projector technology that uses a digital micromirror device. Some DLPs have a TV tuner, which makes them a type of TV display. It was originally developed in 1987 by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments. While the DLP imaging device was invented by Texas Instruments, the first DLP based projector was introduced by Digital Projection Ltd in 1997. Digital Projection and Texas Instruments were both awarded Emmy Awards in 1998 for the DLP projector technology. DLP is used in a variety of display applications from traditional static displays to interactive displays and also non-traditional embedded applications including medical, security, and industrial uses.

DLP technology is used in DLP front projectors (standalone projection units for classrooms and business primarily), DLP rear projection television sets, and digital signs. It is also used in about 85% of digital cinema projection, and in additive manufacturing as a power source in some SLA 3D printers to cure resins into solid 3D objects.[51]

Rear projection

Rear-projection televisions (RPTVs) became very popular in the early days of television. Because of the infancy of the cathode ray tube industry, the ability to produce tubes with a large display size did not exist. In 1936, for a tube capable of being mounted horizontally in the television cabinet, nine inches would have been regarded as the largest convenient size that could be made owing to its required length. Even so, some manufacturers fitted these tubes at an angle to reduce the cabinet depth required. Twelve inch tubes were available, but they were so long that they had to be mounted vertically and viewed via a mirror in the top of the cabinet, usually mounted within a hinged lid.[52] These latter televisions were substantial pieces of furniture.

As a solution to these size limitations, the Philips company introduced a television set in 1937 that relied on back projecting an image from a 4+1⁄2 inch tube onto a 25 inch screen. This required the tube to be driven very hard to produce an extremely bright image on its fluorescent screen. Further, Philips decided to use a green phosphor on the tube face as it was brighter than the white phosphors of the day.[53] In fact these early tubes were not up to the job and by November of that year Philips decided that it was cheaper to buy the sets back than to provide replacement tubes under warranty every couple of weeks or so.[54] Substantial improvements were very quickly made to these small tubes and a more satisfactory tube design was available the following year helped by Philips's decision to use a smaller screen size of 23 inches.[55] In 1950 a more efficient 2+1⁄2 inch tube with vastly improved technology and more efficient white phosphor, along with smaller and less demanding screen sizes, was able to provide an acceptable image, though the life of the tubes was still shorter than contemporary direct view tubes.[56] As cathode ray tube technology improved during the 1950's, producing larger and larger screen sizes and later on, (more or less) rectangular tubes, the rear projection system was obsolete before the end of the decade.

However, in the early to mid 2000s RPTV systems made a comeback as a cheaper alternative to contemporary LCD and Plasma TVs. They were larger and lighter than contemporary CRT TVs and had a flat screen just like LCD and Plasma, but unlike LCD and Plasma, RPTVs were often dimmer, had lower contrast ratios and viewing angles, image quality was affected by room lighting and suffered when compared with direct view CRTs,[57] and were still bulky like CRTs. These TVs worked by having a DLP, LCoS or LCD projector at the bottom of the unit, and using a mirror to project the image onto a screen. The screen may be a fresnel lens to increase brightness at the cost of viewing angles. Some early units used CRT projectors and were heavy, weighing up to 500 pounds.[58] Most RPTVs used Ultra-high-performance lamps as their light source, which required periodic replacement partly because they dimmed with use but mainly because the operating bulb pressure rose with ageing to the point where the bulb would eventually shatter often damaging the projection system. Those that used CRTs and lasers did not require replacement.[59]

Plasma

Main article: Plasma display

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called "plasma" displays because the technology utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps.

LCD

Main article: Liquid crystal display
A generic LCD TV, with speakers on either side of the screen.

Liquid-crystal-display televisions (LCD TV) are television sets that use Liquid-crystal displays to produce images. LCD televisions are much thinner and lighter than cathode ray tube (CRTs) of similar display size and are available in much larger sizes (e.g., 90-inch diagonal). When manufacturing costs fell, this combination of features made LCDs practical for television receivers.

In 2007, LCD televisions surpassed sales of CRT-based televisions globally for the first time,[60] and their sales figures relative to other technologies accelerated. LCD TVs quickly displaced the only major competitors in the large-screen market, the plasma display panel and rear-projection television. In the mid-2010s LCDs became, by far, the most widely produced and sold television display type.[1][2]

LCDs also have disadvantages. Other technologies address these weaknesses, including OLEDs, FED and SED.

OLED

Main article: Organic light-emitting diode
An OLED TV.

An OLED (organic light-emitting diode) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound which emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as television screens. It is also used for computer monitors, portable systems such as mobile phones, handheld game consoles and PDAs.

There are two main families of OLED: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a light-emitting electrochemical cell or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes.

An OLED display works without a backlight. Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room, an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, whether the LCD uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps or LED backlight.

Outdoor television

An outdoor television set designed for outdoor use is usually found in the outdoor sections of bars, sports field, or other community facilities. Most outdoor televisions use high-definition television technology. Their body is more robust. The screens are designed to remain clearly visible even in sunny outdoor lighting. The screens also have anti-reflective coatings to prevent glare. They are weather-resistant and often also have anti-theft brackets. Outdoor TV models can also be connected with BD players and PVRs for greater functionality.[citation needed][61]

Replacing

In the United States, the average consumer replaces their television every 6.9 years, but research suggests that due to advanced software and apps, the replacement cycle may be shortening.[62]

Recycling and disposal

Due to recent changes in electronic waste legislation, economical and environmentally friendly television disposal has been made increasingly more available in the form of television recycling. Challenges with recycling television sets include proper HAZMAT disposal, landfill pollution, and illegal international trade.[63]

Major manufacturers

Global 2016 years statistics for LCD TV.[64]

Rank Manufacturer Market share (%) Headquarters
1 South Korea Samsung Electronics 20.2 Suwon, South Korea
2 South Korea LG Electronics 12.1 Seoul, South Korea
3 China TCL Technology 9 Huizhou, China
4 China Hisense 6.1 Qingdao, China
5 Japan Sony 5.6 Tokyo, Japan
7 China Skyworth 3.8 Shenzhen, China
8 United States Vizio Inc. 3.7 Irvine, United States
9 China Changhong 3.2 Mianyang, China
10 China Haier 3 Qingdao, China
11 Others 27.2

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "IHS Technology – The Source for Critical Information and Insight. - IHS Technology". www.displaysearch.com.
  2. ^ a b c d "RIP, rear-projection TV".
  3. ^ a b c Jacobson, Julie. "Mitsubishi Drops DLP Displays: Goodbye RPTVs Forever". www.cepro.com.
  4. ^ a b c "LG's Exit May Herald End of Plasma TVs - Tom's Guide". 28 October 2014.
  5. ^ a b c "Discontinue Notice of TFT-LCD (CCFL Products)" (PDF). Mitsubishi Electric. 11 July 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2013.
  6. ^ Early British Television: Baird, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  7. ^ Pre-1935, Television History: The First 75 Years. The French model shown does not appear to have entered production.
  8. ^ Pre-1935 Baird Sets: UK, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  9. ^ a b Kenjiro Takayanagi: The Father of Japanese Television, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), 2002, retrieved 2009-05-23.
  10. ^ "Milestones:Development of Electronic Television, 1924-1941". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  11. ^ Telefunken, Early Electronic TV Gallery, Early Television Foundation.
  12. ^ 1934–35 Telefunken, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  13. ^ 1936 French Television, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  14. ^ 1936 Baird T5, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  15. ^ Communicating Systems, Inc., Early Electronic TV Gallery, Early Television Foundation.
  16. ^ America's First Electronic Television Set, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  17. ^ American TV Prices, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  18. ^ Annual Television Sales in USA, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  19. ^ Number of TV Households in America, Television History: The First 75 Years.
  20. ^ Robbins, Paul; Hintz; Moore (2013). Environment and Society: A Critical Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 303. ISBN 978-1118451557.
  21. ^ http://www.earlytelevision.org/Deksnis/home_page.html
  22. ^ Childs, William R.; Martin, Scott B.; Stitt-Gohdes, Wanda (2004). Business and Industry: Savings and investment options to telecommuting. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1217. ISBN 9780761474395. In 1952 Ibuka toured AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the United States and saw the newly invented transistor. He realized that replacing the large, clumsy vacuum tube with the transistor would make possible smaller, more portable radios and TVs.
  23. ^ "Sony Founder Masaru Ibuka's New Year's Dream Comes True: The Launch of Sony's TV Business". Time Capsule. 21. Sony. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  24. ^ Sparke, Penny (2009). Japanese Design. The Museum of Modern Art. p. 18. ISBN 9780870707391.
  25. ^ Electrons in Shadow-mask Colour Tubes. Thorn-AEI Radio Valves and Tubes Limited. 1967.
  26. ^ Lucie-Smith, Edward (1983). A History of Industrial Design. Phaidon Press. p. 208. ISBN 9780714822815. The first all-transistor television set was introduced by Sony in 1959 (fig. 386), only four years after their all-transistor radio, and started the transformation of television from something used for communal viewing, as the radio in the 30s had been a focus for communal listening, into an object of solitary contemplation.
  27. ^ Chang, Yoon Seok; Makatsoris, Harris C.; Richards, Howard D. (2007). Evolution of Supply Chain Management: Symbiosis of Adaptive Value Networks and ICT. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780306486968.
  28. ^ "1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated". The Silicon Engine. Computer History Museum. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  29. ^ Atalla, M.; Kahng, D. (1960). "Silicon-silicon dioxide field induced surface devices". IRE-AIEE Solid State Device Research Conference.
  30. ^ Austin, W. M.; Dean, J. A.; Griswold, D. M.; Hart, O. P. (November 1966). "TV Applications of MOS Transistors". IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers. 12 (4): 68–76. doi:10.1109/TBTR1.1966.4320029.
  31. ^ Amos, S. W.; James, Mike (2013). Principles of Transistor Circuits: Introduction to the Design of Amplifiers, Receivers and Digital Circuits. Elsevier. p. 332. ISBN 9781483293905.
  32. ^ "1966: BBC tunes in to colour". 3 March 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  33. ^ Weimer, Paul K. (June 1962). "The TFT A New Thin-Film Transistor". Proceedings of the IRE. 50 (6): 1462–1469. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1962.288190. ISSN 0096-8390. S2CID 51650159.
  34. ^ Kimizuka, Noboru; Yamazaki, Shunpei (2016). Physics and Technology of Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor CAAC-IGZO: Fundamentals. John Wiley & Sons. p. 217. ISBN 9781119247401.
  35. ^ a b c d Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.
  36. ^ Castellano, Joseph A. (2005). Liquid Gold: The Story of Liquid Crystal Displays and the Creation of an Industry. World Scientific. pp. 41–2. ISBN 9789812389565.
  37. ^ Kuo, Yue (1 January 2013). "Thin Film Transistor Technology—Past, Present, and Future" (PDF). The Electrochemical Society Interface. 22 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1149/2.F06131if. ISSN 1064-8208.
  38. ^ Brody, T. Peter; Asars, J. A.; Dixon, G. D. (November 1973). "A 6 × 6 inch 20 lines-per-inch liquid-crystal display panel". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 20 (11): 995–1001. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1973.17780. ISSN 0018-9383.
  39. ^ Morozumi, Shinji; Oguchi, Kouichi (12 October 1982). "Current Status of LCD-TV Development in Japan". Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 94 (1–2): 43–59. doi:10.1080/00268948308084246. ISSN 0026-8941.
  40. ^ Souk, Jun; Morozumi, Shinji; Luo, Fang-Chen; Bita, Ion (2018). Flat Panel Display Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 2–3. ISBN 9781119161356.
  41. ^ "ET-10". Epson. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  42. ^ Nagayasu, T.; Oketani, T.; Hirobe, T.; Kato, H.; Mizushima, S.; Take, H.; Yano, K.; Hijikigawa, M.; Washizuka, I. (October 1988). "A 14-in.-diagonal full-color a-Si TFT LCD". Conference Record of the 1988 International Display Research Conference: 56–58. doi:10.1109/DISPL.1988.11274. S2CID 20817375.
  43. ^ Elliott, Chris (10 January 2017). "When Cambridge invented the world's smallest telly". CambridgeshireLive. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  44. ^ Katzmaier, David. "Samsung reveals a 292-inch TV, the largest we've seen at CES". CNET. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  45. ^ https://flowingdata.com/2009/09/23/tv-size-over-the-past-8-years/
  46. ^ https://www.statista.com/statistics/961283/united-states-average-tv-screen-size/#:~:text=1997%20to%202022.-,The%20average%20size%20of%20LCD%20TV%20screens%20in%20the%20United,eclipse%2050%20inches%20by%202021.
  47. ^ https://www.cnet.com/google-amp/news/remember-when-tvs-weighed-200-pounds-a-look-back-at-tv-trends-over-the-years/
  48. ^ "spanish info about tv". TVbaratas. 2016.
  49. ^ "History of the Cathode Ray Tube". About.com. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  50. ^ a b "How Computer Monitors Work". Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  51. ^ "How Digital Light Processing Works". THRE3D.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  52. ^ The Murphy model A42V produced in 1936 used a twelve inch tube type 12H that was a little in excess of 30 inches long.
  53. ^ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/153/m/MS11-1.pdf
  54. ^ http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvmanu/philips/proj1937/proj1937.htm
  55. ^ http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvmanu/philips/tel61/philips.htm
  56. ^ http://www.r-type.org/articles/art-113.htm
  57. ^ https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/projection-tv.htm
  58. ^ https://www.vice.com/amp/en/article/z4gv73/americas-television-graveyards
  59. ^ https://www.cnet.com/news/rear-projection-vs-lcd-vs-plasma/
  60. ^ Sherwood, James (22 February 2008). "Global LCD TV sales overtake CRT". The Register. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  61. ^ "SunBrite outdoor TV: An expensive luxury".
  62. ^ Pierce, David (25 November 2018). "Your Smart TV Is Only Going to Get Dumber". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  63. ^ [1] Archived 4 January 2012 at reparatii-televizoare.com (Error: unknown archive URL), www.Bordercenter.org
  64. ^ Global market share held by LCD TV manufacturers from 2008 to 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Television_set&oldid=1004506113"