Karlodinium

Karlodinium
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Myzozoa
Superclass:	Dinoflagellata
Class:	Dinophyceae
Order:	Gymnodiniales
Family:	Kareniaceae
Genus:	Karlodinium; J.Larsen
Species
	See text

Karlodinium is a genus of athecate dinoflagellates. They are often toxin producing, and compared to the other members of the Kareniaceae, are fairly small at <8-15 µm diameter.^[1]

Species

References

^ Place, Allen R.; Bowers, Holly A.; Bachvaroff, Tsetvan R.; Adolf, Jason E.; Deeds, Jonathan R.; Sheng, Jian (2012). "Karlodinium veneficum—The little dinoflagellate with a big bite". Harmful Algae. 14. Elsevier BV: 179–195. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021. ISSN 1568-9883.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e de Salas, Miguel F.; Laza-Martínez, Aitor; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M. (2008). "NOVEL UNARMORED DINOFLAGELLATES FROM THE TOXIGENIC FAMILY KARENIACEAE (GYMNODINIALES): FIVE NEW SPECIES OFKARLODINIUMAND ONE NEWTAKAYAMAFROM THE AUSTRALIAN SECTOR OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN". Journal of Phycology. 44 (1): 241–257. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00458.x. ISSN 0022-3646. PMID 27041059.
^ Bergholtz, Trine; Daugbjerg, Niels; Moestrup, Ojvind; Fernandez-Tejedor, Margarita (2006). "ON THE IDENTITY OF KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM AND DESCRIPTION OF KARLODINIUM ARMIGER SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE), BASED ON LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, NUCLEAR-ENCODED LSU RDNA, AND PIGMENT COMPOSITION1". Journal of Phycology. 42 (1). Wiley: 170–193. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00172.x. ISSN 0022-3646.
^ Garcés, Esther; Fernandez, Margarita; Penna, Antonella; Van Lenning, Kees; Gutierrez, Andrés; Camp, Jordi; Zapata, Manuel (2006). "CHARACTERIZATION OF NW MEDITERRANEAN KARLODINIUM SPP. (DINOPHYCEAE) STRAINS USING MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGIES". Journal of Phycology. 42 (5). Wiley: 1096–1112. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00270.x. ISSN 0022-3646.
^ Fuentes-Grünewald, C.; Garcés, E.; Rossi, S.; Camp, J. (2009). "Use of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum as a sustainable source of biodiesel production". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 36 (9): 1215–1224. doi:10.1007/s10295-009-0602-3. hdl:10261/16953. PMID 19536573.

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[Place_Bowers_Bachvaroff_Adolf_2012_pp._179–195-1] Place, Allen R.; Bowers, Holly A.; Bachvaroff, Tsetvan R.; Adolf, Jason E.; Deeds, Jonathan R.; Sheng, Jian (2012). "Karlodinium veneficum—The little dinoflagellate with a big bite". Harmful Algae. 14. Elsevier BV: 179–195. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021. ISSN 1568-9883.

[de_SalasLaza-Martínez2008-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e de Salas, Miguel F.; Laza-Martínez, Aitor; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M. (2008). "NOVEL UNARMORED DINOFLAGELLATES FROM THE TOXIGENIC FAMILY KARENIACEAE (GYMNODINIALES): FIVE NEW SPECIES OFKARLODINIUMAND ONE NEWTAKAYAMAFROM THE AUSTRALIAN SECTOR OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN". Journal of Phycology. 44 (1): 241–257. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00458.x. ISSN 0022-3646. PMID 27041059.

[Bergholtz2006-3] Bergholtz, Trine; Daugbjerg, Niels; Moestrup, Ojvind; Fernandez-Tejedor, Margarita (2006). "ON THE IDENTITY OF KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM AND DESCRIPTION OF KARLODINIUM ARMIGER SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE), BASED ON LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, NUCLEAR-ENCODED LSU RDNA, AND PIGMENT COMPOSITION1". Journal of Phycology. 42 (1). Wiley: 170–193. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00172.x. ISSN 0022-3646.

[Garcés2006-4] Garcés, Esther; Fernandez, Margarita; Penna, Antonella; Van Lenning, Kees; Gutierrez, Andrés; Camp, Jordi; Zapata, Manuel (2006). "CHARACTERIZATION OF NW MEDITERRANEAN KARLODINIUM SPP. (DINOPHYCEAE) STRAINS USING MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGIES". Journal of Phycology. 42 (5). Wiley: 1096–1112. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00270.x. ISSN 0022-3646.

[5] Fuentes-Grünewald, C.; Garcés, E.; Rossi, S.; Camp, J. (2009). "Use of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum as a sustainable source of biodiesel production". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 36 (9): 1215–1224. doi:10.1007/s10295-009-0602-3. hdl:10261/16953. PMID 19536573.

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