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List of conflicts in the Near East

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This article is about conflicts in the Near East up until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. For a more extensive list of conflicts from the 20th and 21st centuries, see List of modern conflicts in the Middle East.

  The limited, modern, archaeological, and historical context of the Near East.
  The Middle and Near East.
Logotype for the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.
Western Asia.
A map detailing possible definitions used for the boundary between Europe and Asia in different periods throughout history. The red line marked "A" is apparently the "Strahlenberg" definition commononly taught in Soviet Russia. The modern mainstream definitions used by the United Nations are marked with the lines "B" (the Ural mountains and Ural river) and "F" (Caucasus watershed) in this image.

This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged; first, chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north). This list includes most present-day sovereign states (some of which may be disputed) beginning eastward from West and Central Asia (the Republic of Iraq, State of Kuwait, and Islamic republics of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan), Syria (the Syrian Arab Republic and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan), Transcaucasia (the republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia), Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (the Republic of Turkey), Arabian Peninsula (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, State of Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman, and Republic of Yemen), Levant (the Lebanese Republic, Republic of Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and the states of Israel and Palestine), Northeast Africa (the Arab Republic of Egypt and Republic of the Sudan), and Northwest Africa (the State of Libya, Republic of Tunisia, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Kingdom of Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and Islamic Republic of Mauritania). Also listed might be any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (both land and naval) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the "Middle East" (or the "Ancient Near East" when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity); however, was itself only part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.

Ancient times

Further information: History of the Middle East, Ancient Near East, Fertile Crescent, History of the Caucasus, and Elam

Bronze Age

Egypt

Further information: History of Egypt

Mesopotamia

Further information: History of Mesopotamia

Levant

Further information: History of the ancient Levant

Anatolia

Further information: History of Anatolia

Early Iron Age

Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period

Main articles: Egyptian Empire, Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Judah, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Median Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, and Achaemenid Empire

Classical antiquity

Greco-Persian domination

Main articles: Achaemenid Empire, Greco-Persian Wars, Alexander the Great, and Wars of the Diadochi

Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination

Main article: Roman–Persian Wars

Medieval times

Modern times

Early modern period

Early Ottoman expansion

Ottoman era period conflicts 1453–1516

Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

Late modern period

Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

Ottoman Tanzimat period

Post-Ottoman era conflicts

This article is about past conflicts in the Near East. For modern conflicts (post-Ottoman period), see List of modern conflicts in the Middle East.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ergil, Doğu, PKK: The Kurdistan Workers' Party, in Marianne Heiberg, Brendan O'Leary, John Tirman, eds., Terror, insurgency, and the state: ending protracted conflicts, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007, p.356
  2. ^ Chaliand, Gérard, The Kurdish tragedy, Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p.25
  3. ^ Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., The Kurds: a contemporary overview, Routledge, 2000, p.196
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