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Socialist Party (Argentina)

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Not to be confused with Argentine Socialist Party (1958).
Socialist Party
Partido Socialista
AbbreviationPS
LeaderMónica Fein[1]
Deputy Secretary GeneralEnrique Estévez Boero
FounderJuan B. Justo
FoundedCurrent:
28 June 2002
Original:
28 June 1896
Merger ofPSD
PSP
HeadquartersAv/ Entre Ríos,
1018, Buenos Aires
NewspaperLa Vanguardia
Student wingNational Reformist Movement
Youth wingSocialist Youth of Argentina
Membership (2022)Decrease 106,880 [2]
Ideology
Political positionCentre[8] to centre-left[9][10][11]
Initially until 1959:
Left-wing
National affiliationHacemos por Nuestro País[12]
Formally:
Federal Consensus[13]
Regional affiliation
International affiliationProgressive Alliance[15]
Colors  Red (official)
  Orange (customary)
Seats in the Chamber of Deputies
2 / 257
Seats in the Senate
0 / 72
Seats in the Buenos Aires City Legislature
2 / 60
Province Governors
0 / 24
Party flag
Website
www.partidosocialista.org.ar

The Socialist Party (Template:Lang-es, PS) is a centre-left[16] political party in Argentina. Founded in 1896, it is one of the oldest still-active parties in Argentina, alongside the Radical Civic Union.[17]

The party has been an opponent of Kirchnerism and Mauricio Macri.[18][19]

History

Early history

The history of socialism in Argentina began in the 1890s, when a group of people, notably Juan B. Justo, expressed the need for a greater social focus. The PS itself was founded in 1896, led by Justo and Nicolás Repetto, thus becoming the first mass party in the country. The party affiliated itself with the Second International.[20] Between 1924 and 1940 it was a member of the Labour and Socialist International.[21]

Through its life, the party suffered from various splits: the International Socialist Party (which became the Communist Party of Argentina) and the Independent Socialist Party were the most notable. The most important of those was in the 1960s, when the party divided itself in half, giving birth to the more radical Argentine Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Argentino, PSA), and the more moderate Democratic Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Democrático, PSD). In 1966, two factions departed the PSA: Vanguardia Comunista and Partido Socialista de Vanguardia. In 1972, the remaining of the PSA together with other leftist groups formed the Popular Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Popular, PSP). The PSP and PSD were rejoined in 2002, forming the Socialist Party.

Badge of the original Socialist Party, still used today.

Among the socialist leaders of Argentina, the most remarkable are Alfredo Palacios, who was the first socialist parliamentarian in the Americas (1904) and a Senator in the 1960s; Juan B. Justo, doctor, philosopher, writer and leader of the party until his death in 1928; Alicia Moreau de Justo (1895–1986), Justo's wife, who was for years the editor of the Socialist newspaper La Vanguardia; Guillermo Estévez Boero, founder of the Popular Socialist Party; and Alfredo Bravo, a teacher, unionist, human rights militant and respected legislator in the last two decades of the 20th century (died 2003).

The Socialist Party of Argentina maintains an electoral stronghold in the province of Santa Fe, and particularly in Rosario, where mayors have been socialists since 1989. Former two-term mayor Hermes Binner slowly became acknowledged as a reference character for the party. In the 2005 parliamentary elections a Socialist-Radical alliance led by Binner won 5 seats in the national Lower House, and in the elections of 2007, Binner, leading a broad, centre-leftist political coalition (the Progressive, Civic and Social Front), became the first Socialist to be elected governor of an Argentine province.[22]

Present day

In the 2011 general election, Binner was the Socialist candidate and achieved 2nd place with 16.8% of votes.[23] Despite this number being well below the 54.1% achieved by Peronist leader Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the Socialist Party considered the results of the election as significant and a sign of renewed interest by a sector of the population.[24] In May 2012, Binner became the Socialist Party's president.[25]

For the 2015 general election, the PS entered in coalition with other centre-left and left-wing parties to form the Progresistas (Progressives) front, which endorsed Margarita Stolbizer for the presidency. Stolbizer landed 5th in the election with just over 2.5% of the vote, failing to pass the threshold for the run-off. During the same elections, Socialist Miguel Lifschitz was elected Governor of Santa Fe, succeeding Antonio Bonfatti (also of the PS).

In April 2016, Bonfatti was chosen to succeed Binner as national president of the party.[26] Following the 2017 legislative election, the party was left with a single national deputy, Luis Contigiani, and no representatives in the Senate. In 2018, Contigiani left the Socialist Party's bloc in the Chamber of Deputies after being criticized by his party for refusing to vote in favor of a bill that would legalize abortion in the country.[27][28]

In the 2019 general election, PS didn't elect any deputies; however, Socialist politician Enrique Estévez was elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the list of the Progressive, Civic and Social Front, and thus the Socialist Party regained its representation in the Congress.[29][30]

In 2021, former intendente (mayor) of Rosario, Mónica Fein, was elected president of the Socialist Party.[1]

Electoral performance

President

Election year Candidate Coalition 1st round
# of overall votes % of overall vote
1916 Juan B. Justo   — 52.215 (4th) 7.25 (lost)
1922 Nicolás Repetto   54.813 (4th) 6.61 (lost)
1928 Mario Bravo   65.660 (3rd) 4.83 (lost)
1931 Lisandro de la Torre   Civil Alliance 436.125 (2nd) 31.04 (lost)
1937 Nicolás Repetto   — 50.917 (3rd) 2.59 (lost)
1946 José Tamborini   Democratic Union 1.207.080 (2nd) 42.87 (lost)
1951 Alfredo Palacios   — 54,920 (5th) 0.7 (lost)
1958 Alfredo Palacios   — 264,721 (4th) 3.22 (lost)
1963 Alfredo Palacios (PSA)   — 278,856 (6th) 3.64 (lost)
Alfredo Orgaz (PSD)   — 258,787 (7th) 3.38 (lost)
March 1973 Américo Ghioldi (PSD)   — 109,068 (7th) 0.92 (lost)
1983 Rafael Martínez Raymonda   Democrat-Socialist Alliance (PDP-PSD) 50.184 (9th) 0,34 (lost)
Guillermo Estévez Boero (PSP)   — 21.177 (13th) 0.14 (lost)
1989 Guillermo Estévez Boero (PSP)   Socialist Unity (PSP-PSD) 240,132 (7th) 1.43 (lost)
1995 José Octavio Bordón   FREPASO 5,096,104 (2nd) 29.30 (lost)
1999 Fernando de la Rúa   Alliance 9,167,220 (1st) 48.37 (win)
2003 Alfredo Bravo   — 217,385 (8th) 1.12 (lost)
2007 Elisa Carrió   Civic Coalition 4,401,981 (2nd) 23.04 (lost)
2011 Hermes Binner   FAP 3,684,970 (2nd) 16.81 (lost)
2015 Margarita Stolbizer   Progresistas 632,551 (5th) 2.51 (lost)
2019 Roberto Lavagna   Federal Consensus 1,649,315 (3rd) 6.14 (lost)
2023 Juan Schiaretti   Hacemos por Nuestro País 1,802,068 (4th) 6.73 (lost)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "El socialismo renovó autoridades y sigue esquivando la grieta". Letra P (in Spanish). 9 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  2. ^ https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/04/02/cuantos-afiliados-a-un-partido-politico-hay-en-el-pais-y-que-agrupaciones-crecieron-mas-en-el-ultimo-ano/
  3. ^ "Mónica Fein junto al presidente de España: "Las ideas socialdemócratas están creciendo en el mundo"". 19 October 2021.
  4. ^ "Página/12 :: El país :: Alianzas socialistas".
  5. ^ "El progresismo sepultó la invitación de Lousteau de sumarse a Cambiemos – LA NACION". La Nación.
  6. ^ "Fein: "Queremos un socialismo que sea la llave de igualdad y libertad"". 30 January 2021.
  7. ^ Mauro, Sebastián; Ariza, Andrea; March, Valeria. «Polarización Política y Segmentación Territorial. Las Elecciones 2019 en Clave Nacional y Subnacional». Universidad de Buenos Aires. ISBN 978-987-88-1090-4.
  8. ^ C.V, DEMOS, Desarrollo de Medios, S. A. de (2015-04-26). "La Jornada: Hoy, elección primaria en Argentina". www.jornada.com.mx (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Página/12 :: El país :: "Es un referente natural"".
  10. ^ "Página/12 :: El país :: Alianzas socialistas".
  11. ^ "Página/12 :: El país :: "Hay que reconstituir el espacio de centroizquierda"".
  12. ^ "Tras postergarse su incorporación a Juntos por el Cambio, Schiaretti inscribió una alianza para competir en las PASO". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  13. ^ "Roberto Lavagna y Juan Manuel Urtubey competirán juntos en una fórmula presidencial".
  14. ^ "Países y Partidos Miembros de la COPPPAL – Copppal".
  15. ^ "Parties & Organisations".
  16. ^ "Primera foto con Juez, Stolbizer y Pino en Capital".
  17. ^ "Historia".
  18. ^ Socialista, Partido (2015-05-30). ""Para romper con el pasado es necesario un proyecto político de cambio y transformación en Argentina"". Partido Socialista (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  19. ^ Socialista, Partido (2019-06-10). "Mesa Nacional PS: el socialismo formalizó su apoyo a la candidatura presidencial de Roberto Lavagna". Partido Socialista (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  20. ^ Rubio, José Luis. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. p. 49
  21. ^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 – 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 286
  22. ^ La Capital, 3 September 2007. Un socialista en el sillón de la Casa Gris Archived 2007-11-04 at the Wayback Machine.
  23. ^ 2011 Argentine general election
  24. ^ "Hermes Binner". Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
  25. ^ Binner asumió la presidencia del Partido Socialista, Página/12, 2012-05-09
  26. ^ "Antonio Bonfatti será el nuevo presidente del Partido Socialista a nivel nacional". télam (in Spanish). 20 April 2016.
  27. ^ "El socialismo le pidió a Contigiani que apoye el aborto". Página/12 (in Spanish). 6 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  28. ^ "Por su rechazo a la ley de aborto, Luis Contigiani deja de representar al Partido Socialista". Parlamentario.com (in Spanish). 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  29. ^ "Enrique Estévez, diputado nacional electo. El socialismo vuelve al Congreso de la Nación". RadioCut. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
  30. ^ "Enrique Estévez, el joven socialista que quiere llegar al Congreso y renovar la política". www.airedesantafe.com.ar (in European Spanish). 11 July 2019. Retrieved 2020-01-16.

Further reading

  • Jeremy Adelman, "Socialism and Democracy in Argentina in the Age of the Second International," Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 72, no. 2 (May 1992), pp. 211–238. In JSTOR.
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