Draft:Haplogroup O-M176
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Haplogroup O-M176
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Possible time of origin | 28,000 [95% CI 25,800 <-> 30,300] years before present[1] |
Coalescence age | 25,900 [95% CI 23,400 <-> 28,400] years before present (YFull[1][2]) |
Possible place of origin | Manchuria or a nearby part of northern East Asia[3][4] |
Ancestor | O-P31 |
Defining mutations | M176/SRY465, P49, 022454[citation needed] |
Highest frequencies | Koreans, Japanese, Ryukyuans, Manchus
|
Haplogroup O-M176 (aka O-SRY465) or O1b2 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is best known for its part in the settlement of Korea and Japan. It is a descendant of Haplogroup O-P31, and it has been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor with its nearest outgroup, Haplogroup O-K18, approximately 28,000 [95% CI 25,800 <-> 30,300] years before present.[1]
Distribution
Haplogroup O-M176 is found mainly in the northernmost parts of East Asia, from the Uriankhai and Zakhchin peoples of western Mongolia (Katoh 2004) to the Japanese of Japan, though it also has been detected sporadically in the Buryats (Jin 2003) . It's been detected with moderate frequencies in Udegeys (Jin 2010) of southern Siberia, rarely among populations of Southeast Asia including Indonesia (Hammer 2006 and Jin 2003 ), the Philippines (Jin 2003) , Thailand (Jin 2003) , and Vietnam (Hammer 2006 and Jin 2003 ), and Micronesians (Hammer 2006) . This haplogroup is found with its highest frequency and diversity values among modern populations of Japan and Korea and is rare in most populations in China. Among Han Chinese, it has been detected in some samples of Han Chinese from Beijing (1/51, Jin 2003 and Kim 2011 ),[5] Xi'an (1/34, Kim 2011 ),[5] one Han Chinese in Henan,[6] Han Chinese in Taiwan (2/352 = 0.57%, including one of 34 Hakka people and one of 258 miscellaneous Han volunteers),[7] Han Chinese from East China sampled from the infertility clinic at the Affiliated Hospitals of Nanjing Medical University at Jiangsu (6/1147 = 0.52%, Lu 2009 ), Wuhan (1/160),[8] and South China outside of Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Shanghai (1/65).[9] Among ethnic minorities in China, haplogroup O-M176 has been detected with high frequency in samples of Koreans in China (Xue 2006 and Katoh 2004 ) and with generally much lower frequency among Manchus (Xue 2006 , Katoh 2004 , and Karafet 2001 ), Hezhe people,[10] Daurs,[10] Evenks,[11] Sibes (Xue 2006) , Kham Tibetans,[12] and Hui.[13]
Mitsuru Sakitani suggests that haplogroup O1b2, which is common in today Koreans, Japanese and some Manchu, are one of the carriers of Yangtze civilization. As the Yangtze civilization declined several tribes crossed westward and northerly, to the Shandong peninsula, the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago.[14] Another study calls the haplogroup O1b1 as the major Austroasiatic paternal lineage and the haplogroup O1b2 (of Koreans and Japanese) as the "para-Austroasiatic" paternal lineage.[15]
Subclade distribution
Paragroup O-M176*
Y-DNA that belongs to O-M176(xK10, F3356) has been found in an individual from Hiroshima,[2] an individual from Fukushima,[2] an individual from Beijing,[2] and 1% (7/706) of a sample of males collected in Seoul and Daejeon.[16]
O-M176(x47z) has been found in approximately 3.5%[17] to 9.9%[18] of Japanese males. However, most of those individuals probably belong to subclades of O-K10(x47z).
O-K10
The majority of extant members of O-M176 belong to the subclade O-K10 (or O-F3356). O-K10 subsumes the prolific subclades O-47z, which occurs with especially high frequency in Japan, and O-L682, which occurs with especially high frequency in Korea, in addition to a relatively rare subclade, O-K3, which has been found among Han Chinese in Hunan,[2] Jiangxi,[2] and Henan.[19] O-L682 and O-K3 are linked by 18 SNPs that define the O-K4 clade, and thus their members are more closely related to one another by paternal lineage than any of them is related to any member of O-47z.
An example of Y-DNA that belongs to O-K10 but neither O-47z nor O-K4 has been found in an individual in Tokyo, Japan. This individual's Y-DNA is estimated to share a most recent common ancestor with O-47z and O-K4 roughly around the same time as the most recent common ancestor of those latter two clades, about 7,200 [95% CI 6,200 <-> 8,200] ybp.[1]
O-F3356(x47z, L682) has been found in 2% (14/706) of a sample of Koreans collected in Seoul and Daejeon, South Korea.[16] However, the status of these individuals' Y-DNA in regard to K4, K3, and phylogenetically equivalent SNPs has not been published.
O-47z
Haplogroup O-47z
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Possible time of origin | 7,870 [95% CI 5,720–12,630] years ago (Hammer 2006) 7,100 [95% CI 6,100 <-> 8,300] ybp[1] |
Possible place of origin | Japanese Archipelago(Hammer 2006 ) or Korean Peninsula(see Jin 2003 ) |
Ancestor | O-M176 |
Defining mutations | 47z |
Highest frequencies | Japanese, Ryukyuans, Koreans, Manchus
|
O-47z or O-CTS11986 is a subclade of O-K10. It is found with high frequency among the Japanese and Ryukyuan populations of Japan, and with lower frequency among Koreans.
Haplogroup O-47z has been detected in approximately 24% of males who speak a Japonic language, while it has not been found at all among Ainu males whose Y-DNA has been tested in two genetic studies (Tajima 2004 , n=16; Hammer 2006 , n=4). Based on the STR haplotype diversity within Haplogroup O-47z, it has been estimated in a study published in 2006 that this haplogroup has expanded from a single founder who has lived approximately 3,810 (95% CI 1,640 <–> 7,960) years before present in a model according to which continuous, pure exponential population growth is assumed.[11] In a paper published in 2016, the time to most recent common ancestor of a set of fifteen members of the O-47z clade, all from the JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project, was estimated to be 4,500 years using a relatively slow mutation rate (μ = 0.76 x 10−9 per bp per year as according to Qiaomei Fu et al. 2014) or 3,900 years using a relatively fast mutation rate (μ = 0.888 x 10−9 per bp per year as according to A. Helgason et al. 2015).[17] Haplogroup O-47z also has been found among samples of modern Koreans, though with low frequency in comparison to both the frequency of O-47z in samples of Japanese and the frequency of O-M176(x47z) in samples of Koreans.
O-K4
O-K4 is a subclade of O-K10. It includes at least two subclades, O-L682 and O-K3, which have been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor approximately 6,100 [95% CI 5,000 <-> 7,200] years before present.[2]
O-K3
Haplogroup O-F940
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Possible time of origin | 3,500 [2,000-13,000] |
Possible place of origin | Manchuria or Korean Peninsula |
Ancestor | O-F2868 |
Defining mutations | CTS12145, F1912, F2206, F2703, F940, K3 |
Highest frequencies | Manchurian, Manchu Mongolian, Manchu Han
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The O-K3 (or O-F940) lineage is a subclade of O-K4 that has been observed to date in three individuals from Hunan,[2] one individual from Jiangxi,[2] and one individual from Henan.[19]
O-L682
Haplogroup O-L682
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Possible time of origin | 6,300 [95% CI 4,700 <-> 8,000] ybp[1] |
Possible place of origin | Korean Peninsula or Manchuria |
Ancestor | O-M176, O-F3356 |
Defining mutations | L682 |
Highest frequencies | Koreans, Hezhen, Udege, Japanese, Ryukyuans, Manchus
|
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/O1b2a3-CTS10687%2C.png/220px-O1b2a3-CTS10687%2C.png)
The O-L682 subclade of O-K4 is believed to be related to Native Korean population. One study has found O-L682 Y-DNA in 19% (134/706) of Koreans sampled in Seoul and Daejeon.[16] O-L682 also has been found in Japanese in Tokyo, Okayama, Kōchi, and the US, Chinese in Shanxi, Shandong, and Beijing,[2] and Nanai people in China. Its descendants appear to have begun rapidly increasing in number at approximately the same time as those of its distant cousin O-47z, perhaps 4,000 years ago.[2]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/O1b2-R220.png/220px-O1b2-R220.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/O1b2-R144%27.png/220px-O1b2-R144%27.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/O1b2a-CTS3505.png/220px-O1b2a-CTS3505.png)
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic history
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.
YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) | (α) | (β) | (γ) | (δ) | (ε) | (ζ) | (η) | YCC 2002 (Longhand) | YCC 2005 (Longhand) | YCC 2008 (Longhand) | YCC 2010r (Longhand) | ISOGG 2006 | ISOGG 2007 | ISOGG 2008 | ISOGG 2009 | ISOGG 2010 | ISOGG 2011 | ISOGG 2012 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O-M175 | 26 | VII | 1U | 28 | Eu16 | H9 | I | O* | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
O-M119 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1* | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a |
O-M101 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1a | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1 | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a |
O-M50 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H10 | H | O1b | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 |
O-P31 | 26 | VII | 1U | 33 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2* | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 |
O-M95 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H11 | G | O2a* | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a1 | O2a1 |
O-M88 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H12 | G | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1a | O2a1a |
O-SRY465 | 20 | VII | 1U | 35 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b* | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b |
O-47z | 5 | VII | 1U | 26 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 |
O-M122 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3* | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 |
O-M121 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3a | O3a | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1a | O3a1a |
O-M164 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3b | O3b | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a1b | O3a1b |
O-M159 | 13 | VII | 1U | 31 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3c | O3c | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3 | O3a3 | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a |
O-M7 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d* | O3c | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a4 | O3a4 | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a2b | O3a2b |
O-M113 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d1 | O3c1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | - | O3a4a | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a2b1 | O3a2b1 |
O-M134 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e* | O3d | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a5 | O3a5 | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a2c1 | O3a2c1 |
O-M117 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1* | O3d1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a5a | O3a5a | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a2c1a | O3a2c1a |
O-M162 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1a | O3d1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a5a1 | O3a5a1 | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a2c1a1 | O3a2c1a1 |
Original research publications
The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.
Phylogenetic trees
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup O subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree (Karafet 2008) and subsequent published research.
- O1b2 (IMS-JST022454, L272.2, M176/Page63/SRY465, M302, P49, F1942/Page92)
- O1b2a (F1942/Page92)
- O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
- O1b2a1a (F3356)
- O1b2a1a1 (47z, CTS713, CTS11986)
- O1b2a1a2 (F2868, F3110, K4)
- O1b2a1a2a (L682)
- O1b2a1a2b (F940, F1912, F3390)
- O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687, F1813, F1800)
- O1b2a1b (CTS562)
- O1b2a1a (F3356)
- O1b2a2 (Page90)
- O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
- O1b2a (F1942/Page92)
Table of frequencies of O-M176
Population | Frequency | Sample Size | SNPs | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Korean (Gangwon) | 0.397 | 63 | M176(x47z)=20 47z=5 |
Kim 2011 |
Korean (National Biobank of Korea) |
0.377 | 300 | M176(x47z)=88 47z=25 |
Park 2013 |
South Korea | 0.373 | 75 | M176/P49(x47z)=25 47z=3 |
Hammer 2006 |
Japanese (Shizuoka) | 0.344 | 61 | 47z=13 M176/P49(x47z)=8 |
Hammer 2006 |
Korean (Daejeon) | 0.338 | 133 | M176(x47z)=30 47z=15 |
Park 2012 |
Japanese | 0.335 | 263 | 47z=66 M176/JST022454(x47z)=22 |
Nonaka 2007 |
Korean (Jeju) | 0.322 | 87 | M176(x47z)=20 47z=8 |
Kim 2011 |
Japanese (Kyushu) | 0.321 | 53 | 47z=15 M176/P49(x47z)=2 |
Hammer 2006 |
Korean (Seoul) | 0.316 | 573 | M176(x47z)=125 47z=56 |
Park 2012 |
Korean (Jeolla) | 0.311 | 90 | M176(x47z)=21 47z=7 |
Kim 2011 |
Japanese (Aomori) | 0.308 | 26 | 47z=7 M176/P49(x47z)=1 |
Hammer 2006 |
Korean (Chungcheong) | 0.306 | 72 | M176(x47z)=15 47z=7 |
Kim 2011 |
Japanese (Tokushima) | 0.300 | 70 | 47z=17 M176/P49(x47z)=4 |
Hammer 2006 |
Korean (Gyeongsang) | 0.298 | 84 | M176(x47z)=15 47z=10 |
Kim 2011 |
Japanese | 0.293 | 157 | 47z=38 M176(x47z)=8 |
Kim 2011 |
Korean (Seoul/Gyeonggi) | 0.282 | 110 | M176(x47z)=23 47z=8 |
Kim 2011 |
Korean (PRC) | 0.280 | 25 | M176(x47z)=5 47z=2 |
Xue 2006 |
Korean (Korea) | 0.279 | 43 | M176(x47z)=6 47z=6 |
Xue 2006 |
Japanese | 0.277 | 47 | 47z=11 M176(x47z)=2 |
Xue 2006 |
Manchurians | 0.271 | 48 | 47z=9 M176(x47z)=4 |
Jin 2009 |
Korean (Seoul & Daejeon) | 0.269 | 216 | M176(x47z)=37 47z=21 |
Kim 2007 |
Japanese | 0.262 | 107 | 47z=21 M176(x47z)=7 |
Jin 2009 |
Okinawa | 0.222 | 45 | 47z=5 M176/P49(x47z)=5 |
Hammer 2006 |
Korean | 0.201 | 154 | M176(x47z)=22 47z=9 |
Jin 2009 |
Hezhe | 0.121 | 40 | M176(L682)=2 | HGDP 2009 |
Udeges | 0.101 | 40 | M176(L682)=2 | Jin 2010 |
Hezhe | 0.081 | 40 | M176(L682)=2 | Xue 2006 |
Han (Beijing) | 0.020 | 51 | M176(x47z)=1 | Kim 2011 |
Manchu | 0.057 | 35 | M176(x47z)=2 | Xue 2006 |
Uriankhai (Mongolia) | 0.050 | 60 | M176=3 | Katoh 2005 |
Mongol (NE Mongolia) | 0.050 | 20 | M176=1 | DiCristofaro 2013 |
Hezhe (PRC) | 0.044 | 45 | M176(x47z)=2 | Xue 2006 |
Manchu | 0.038 | 52 | M176/P49(x47z)=2 | Hammer 2006 |
Zakhchin (Mongolia) | 0.033 | 60 | M176=2 | Katoh 2005 |
Manchurian | 0.033 | 30 | M176(x47z)=1 | Kim 2011 |
Buryat | 0.028 | 36 | M176(x47z)=1 | Kim 2011 |
Nanai | 0.027 | 37 | M176(L682)=2 | Bogunov et al 2015 |
Daur | 0.026 | 39 | M176(x47z)=1 | Xue 2006 |
Evenk (PRC) | 0.024 | 41 | M176/P49(x47z)=1 | Hammer 2006 |
Xibe | 0.024 | 41 | M176(x47z)=1 | Xue 2006 |
Buryat | 0.020 | 50 | M176(x47z)=1 | Jin 2009 |
Mongols (Mongolia) | 0.006 | 160 | M176=1 | DiCristofaro 2013 |
Hakka (Taiwan) | 0.019 | 34 | M176=1 | Trejaut 2014 |
Han (Taiwan) | 0.004 | 258 | M176=1 | Trejaut 2014 |
Zhuang | 0.000 | 20 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Oroqen | 0.000 | 22 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Hanoi, Vietnam | 0.000 | 24 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Kalimantan | 0.000 | 25 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Evenk (PRC) | 0.000 | 26 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Sumatra | 0.000 | 26 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Akha (Thailand) | 0.000 | 27 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Alor | 0.000 | 28 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Han (Lanzhou) | 0.000 | 30 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Even | 0.000 | 31 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Oroqen | 0.000 | 31 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Uyghur (Ürümqi) | 0.000 | 31 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Han (Yili) | 0.000 | 32 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Malay | 0.000 | 32 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Australian aborigines | 0.000 | 33 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Qiang | 0.000 | 33 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Han (Chengdu) | 0.000 | 34 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Hani (PRC) | 0.000 | 34 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Li | 0.000 | 34 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
She | 0.000 | 34 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Buyi | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Han (Harbin) | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Han (Meixian) | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Hui (PRC) | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Tibetan | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Yao (Bama) | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Yao (Liannan) | 0.000 | 35 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Batak Toba (Sumatra) | 0.000 | 38 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Uyghur (Yili) | 0.000 | 39 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
East Indonesia | 0.000 | 40 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Han (Guangdong) | 0.000 | 40 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Yi (Butuo, Sichuan) | 0.000 | 43 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Northern Han | 0.000 | 44 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Khalkh | 0.000 | 45 | M176=0 | Kim 2011 |
Mongol (Inner Mongolia) | 0.000 | 45 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Papua New Guinea | 0.000 | 46 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Khalkh | 0.000 | 48 | M176=0 | Jin 2009 |
Philippines | 0.000 | 48 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Taiwanese aborigines | 0.000 | 48 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Tujia | 0.000 | 49 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
She | 0.000 | 51 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Melanesia | 0.000 | 53 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Mandar (Sulawesi) | 0.000 | 54 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Han (Fujian) | 0.000 | 55 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Indonesia (East) | 0.000 | 55 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Miao | 0.000 | 58 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Han (Yunnan) | 0.000 | 60 | M176=0 | Kim 2011 |
Minnan (Taiwan) | 0.000 | 60 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Nias | 0.000 | 60 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Polynesia | 0.000 | 60 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Yao | 0.000 | 60 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Java | 0.000 | 61 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Filipino | 0.000 | 64 | M176=0 | Kim 2011 |
Mongol (Outer Mongolia) | 0.000 | 65 | M176=0 | Xue 2006 |
Uyghur | 0.000 | 67 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Mentawai | 0.000 | 74 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Thailand | 0.000 | 75 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Buryat | 0.000 | 81 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Han (Taiwan) | 0.000 | 84 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Borneo | 0.000 | 86 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Sri Lanka | 0.000 | 91 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Lembata | 0.000 | 92 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Evenk (Russia) | 0.000 | 95 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Altai | 0.000 | 98 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Tibet | 0.000 | 105 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Java | 0.000 | 141 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Philippines | 0.000 | 146 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Mongolia | 0.000 | 149 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Sumba | 0.000 | 350 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
Taiwan mountain tribes | 0.000 | 355 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Taiwan plains tribes | 0.000 | 370 | M176=0 | Trejaut 2014 |
Flores | 0.000 | 394 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
India | 0.000 | 405 | M176/P49=0 | Hammer 2006 |
Bali | 0.000 | 641 | M176=0 | Karafet 2010 |
See also
Genetics
Y-DNA O subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
References
Footnotes
- ^ 256/800=32.0% O-M176 in a pool of all Japanese samples of (Xue 2006) , (Katoh 2004) , (Jin 2009) , (Nonaka 2007) , (Poznik 2016) , and all non-Ainu and non-Okinawan Japanese samples of (Hammer 2006) .
- ^ 202/677=29.8% O-M176 in a pool of all ethnic South Korean samples of (Hammer 2006) , (Xue 2006) , (Katoh 2004) , (Kim 2007) , and (Park 2013)
- ^ 30/132=22.7% O-M176 in a pool of all Okinawan data from (Hammer 2006) and (Nonaka 2007)
- ^ 30/123=24.3% O-M176 in a pool of all ethnic North Korea samples of Template:Hary
- ^ 45/232=19.4% O-M176 in a pool of all Manchu samples of (Karafet 2001) , (Jin 2003) , (Katoh 2004) , and (Xue 2006)
- ^ 8/98=8.16% O-M176 in a pool of all Nanai samples of (Xue 2006) , Template:HGDP
- ^ 2/20=10% O-M176 in a pool of All Udege samples of Template:Hary
- ^ 150/628=23.9% O-47z in a pool of all non-Ainu and non-Okinawan Japanese samples of (Jin 2003) , (Hammer 2006) , (Xue 2006) , and (Nonaka 2007)
- ^ 22/132=16.7% O-47z in a pool of all Okinawan samples of Hammer 2006 and Nonaka 2007
- ^ 41/519=7.9% O-47z in a pool of all ethnic Korean samples of (Jin 2003) , (Hammer 2006) , (Xue 2006) , and (Kim 2007)
- ^ 9/135=6.7% O-47z in a pool of all "Manchu" or "Manchurian" samples of (Hammer 2006) , (Xue 2006) , and (Jin 2009)
- ^ 41/519=7.9% O-L682 in a pool of all ethnic Korean samples of (Yoo 2014) , (Katoh 2004) , and (Kim 2011)
- ^ 22/132=16.7% O-47z in a pool of all Okinawan samples of Hammer 2006 and Nonaka 2007
- ^ 150/628=23.9% O-47z in a pool of all non-Ainu and non-Okinawan Japanese samples of (Jin 2003) , (Hammer 2006) , (Xue 2006) , and (Nonaka 2007)
- ^ 9/135=6.7% O-47z in a pool of all "Manchu" or "Manchurian" samples of (Hammer 2006) , (Xue 2006) , and (Jin 2009)
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Further reading
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