Biju Patnaik

Biju Patnaik
Patnaik in a 2018 stamp of India
3rd Chief Minister of Odisha
In office 5 March 1990 – 15 March 1995
Preceded by	Hemananda Biswal
Succeeded by	Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik
In office 23 June 1961 – 2 October 1963
Preceded by	Harekrushna Mahatab
Succeeded by	Biren Mitra
Minister of Steel, Mines and Coals
In office March 1977 – January 1980
Prime Minister	Morarji Desai
Constituency	Kendrapara
Personal details
Born	Bijayananda Patnaik (1916-03-05)5 March 1916 Aska, Orissa, British India (now Odisha, India)
Died	17 April 1997(1997-04-17) (aged 81) New Delhi, India
Political party	Janata Dal (1989–1997)
Other political affiliations	Janata Party (1977–1989) Utkal Congress (1969–1977) Indian National Congress (1946–1969)
Spouse	Gyan Patnaik
Children	Prem Patnaik Naveen Patnaik Gita Mehta
Alma mater	Ravenshaw College
Profession	Pilot, Politician

Bijayananda Patnaik (5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997), popularly known as Biju Patnaik, was an Indian politician, aviator and businessman. As politician, he served twice as the Chief Minister of the State of Odisha.

Biju Pattnaik statue

Early life

Anand Bhawan, Biju Patnaik's ancestral house.

Biju Patnaik was born on 5 March 1916 to Lakshminarayan and Ashalata Patanayak. His parents belong to G.Nuagan, Bellaguntha, Ganjam district, around 80 km from Bramhapur. He was educated at Ravenshaw College in Odisha but due to his interest in aviation he dropped out and trained as a pilot. Patnaik flew with private airlines but at the start of the Second World War he joined the Royal Indian Air Force eventually becoming head of air transport command. While in service he began an interest in nationalist politics and used air force transports to deliver what was seen as subversive literature to Indian troops. But Patnaik remained committed to fighting the Axis Powers. He was jailed by the British for dropping political leaflets to Indian soldiers fighting under British command in Burma and flying clandestine missions that carried Congress Party leaders from hideouts across India to secret meetings that charted the independence struggle.

Role in Indonesian freedom struggle

Main article: Sutan Sjahrir

Biju Patnaik met with Jawaharlal Nehru during his participation in Indonesian freedom struggle and became one of his trusted friends. Nehru viewed the freedom struggle of the Indonesian people as parallel to that of India, and viewed Indonesia as a potential ally. When the Dutch attempted to quell Indonesian independence on 21 July 1947, President Sukarno ordered Sjahrir, the former prime minister of Indonesia, to leave the country to attend the first Inter-Asia Conference, organised by Nehru, in July 1947 and to foment international public opinion against the Dutch. Sjahrir was unable to leave as the Dutch controlled the Indonesian sea and air routes. Nehru asked Biju Patnaik, who was adventurous and an expert pilot, to rescue Sjahrir and other Indonesian resistance fighters who were fighting their Dutch colonisers. Biju Patnaik and his wife Gyanwati, flew to Java, dodging the Dutch guns, he entered Indonesian airspace and landed on an improvised airstrip near Jakarta. Using left-over fuel from abandoned Japanese military dumps, Patnaik took off with prominent rebels, including Sultan Sjahrir and Achmad Sukarno, for a secret meeting with Nehru at New Delhi and brought out on a Douglas C-47 (Dakota) military aircraft reaching India via Singapore on 24 July 1947. For this act of bravery, Patnaik was given honorary citizenship in Indonesia and awarded the 'Bhoomi Putra', the highest Indonesian award, rarely granted to a foreigner. In 1995, when Indonesia was celebrating its 50th Independence Day, Biju Patnaik was awarded the highest national award, the 'Bintang Jasa Utama'.

In 2015, Sukarno’s daughter Megawati recounted how it was Patnaik who suggested she be named Meghavati or “daughter of clouds”. Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri later became Indonesia’s first female president, serving from 2001 to 2004.

Role in saving Kashmir

Biju Patnaik flew many sorties on his Dakota DC-3 from Delhi Safdarjung Airport on 27 October 1947, after the first Dakota DC-3 (Reg.No: VP 905) flown by Wg. Cdr. KL Bhatia landed in Srinagar Airport early morning. He brought 17 soldiers of 1-Sikh regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai. He flew low on the airstrip twice to ensure that no raiders were around... Instructions from Prime Minister Nehru’s office were clear: If the airport was taken over by the enemy, he was not to land. Taking a full circle the DC-3 flew ground level. Anxious eye-balls peered from inside the aircraft – only to find the airstrip empty. Nary a soul was in sight. The raiders were busy distributing the spoils of war amongst them in Baramulla.

Politics in independent India

Patnaik's political ideals were centred in socialism and federalism. His strong advocacy for equal resources to all Indian states who needed such, made him a champion of his Odia constituents.

In 1946 Patnaik was elected uncontested to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from North Cuttack constituency. In 1952 and 1957 he won from Jagannathprasad and Surada, respectively. In 1960 he assumed the presidency of the state Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress Party won 82 of 140 seats and Patnaik (representing Chowdwar constituency) became the chief minister of Odisha on 23 June 1961 and remained in the position until 2 October 1963 when he resigned from the post under the Kamaraj Plan to revitalise the Congress party. He was the Chief Minister of Odisha at the age of 45.

Patnaik was close to Indira Gandhi who took over the Congress Party in 1967. However, they clashed in 1969 over the Presidential election. He left the Congress and formed a regional party—the Utkal Congress. In the 1971 assembly poll, his party did reasonably well. Patnaik then re-established contact with his old friend Jayaprakash Narayan and plunged into the JP movement as it picked up momentum in 1974. When the Emergency was declared in 1975, Biju Patnaik was one of the first to be arrested along with other opposition leaders.

He was released in 1977. Later, in the same year, he was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time from Kendrapara and became Union minister for steel and mines in both the Morarji Desai and the Charan Singh governments until 1979. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha again in 1980 and 1984 from Kendrapara as Janata Party candidate despite the Congress wave in 1984 following Indira Gandhi's death. With the Congress defeat in 1989, he bounced back into the political limelight. However, after playing a key behind-the-scenes role in manoeuvring V. P. Singh to the Prime Minister's post, he again chose to go back to Odisha, and prepared for the assembly election. In 1990 state assembly election, the Janata Dal received a thumping majority (two third assembly seats) which saw Biju Patnaik being the Chief Minister of Odisha for the second time until 1995.

Patnaik was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996 from Cuttack and Aska constituencies as a Janata Dal candidate. He retained the latter until his death on 17 April 1997 of cardio-respiratory failure.

In 1992, Bijayananda Patnaik left this quote for the people of Odisha;

"In my dream of the 21st century for the State, I would have young men and women who put the interest of the State before them. They will have pride in themselves, confidence in themselves. They will not be at anybody’s mercy, except their own selves. By their brains, intelligence and capacity, they will recapture the history of Kalinga."

Achievements as a public representative

Biju Patnaik set up Kalinga tubes, Kalinga Airlines, Kalinga Iron work, Kalinga Refractories and the Kalinga, a daily Oriya newspaper. In 1951 he established the international Kalinga Prize for popularisation of Science and Technology among the people and entrusted the responsibility to the UNESCO. The projects which he was known to have spearheaded includes the Port of Paradip, Orissa aviation centre, Bhubaneswar Airport, the Cuttack-Jagatpur Mahanadi highway bridge, Regional Engineering College, Rourkela, Sainik School Bhubaneswar, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology-Bhubaneswar, NALCO (National Aluminum Company), Talcher Thermal Power Station, Balimela Hydel Project, HAL-Sunabeda and the Choudwar & Barbil industrial belts.

He also established the Kalinga Cup in football.

Family

Biju Patnaik was married to Gyan Patnaik, who belonged to Punjab, due to which he is known as Son-In-Law of Punjab as well. Just like Biju his wife too was a pilot. In fact, she was the first Indian lady to get a commercial pilot's license. In the 1940s, Gyan Patnaik accompanied Biju in the freedom struggle movement and evacuation of British families from Rangoon when the Japanese laid siege on the region.

Biju Patnaik's younger son, Naveen Patnaik, is the current Chief Minister of Odisha. His daughter, Gita Mehta, is an English writer. His elder son Prem Patnaik is a Delhi-based industrialist.

Popular incidents and quotes

Paradeep Port: Patnaik was keen to build the port at Paradeep. When the Central government refused to give funds to build the Paradeep port, he said: To hell with the Government of India. I will build the port with state government on my own money. And he spent Rs 1.60 billion on it. Later, of course, Nehru sanctioned funds for the project. Today that is Odisha's most prominent port.

Nehru and Patnaik: Nehru called Patnaik "India's buccaneer". When Nehru was criticized in the Parliament for his decision to provide more aid to Odisha. Nehru replied, '"Biju Patnaik has the courage, dynamism and zeal to work. So there is no blunder in giving more aid to Odisha." During the Sino-Indian War in 1962, Nehru consulted the Odia leader repeatedly for advice. For sometime he was Nehru's defence advisor, unofficially. 'The prime minister was dazzled by Mr Patnaik's familiarity with military subjects,' wrote a political commentator of the time.

Anti-corruption stand: To fight against corruption he once proclaimed 'beat up all corrupt officials. He used to follow the famous lines of Nehru "Corrupt people should be hanged to the next lamp post"

On death: When a journalist asked him on his 79th birthday how he would like to die, he quipped, 'I would like to die in an air crash rather than from prolonged illness. I would like to die instantaneously, just fall down and die'. This was later narrated by one of Biju Patnaik's close associates Mr.Manas Ranjan, Advocate.

On Odisha and for Oriyas: To be born poor is not a crime but to remain so is indeed a crime'. 'Be loyal not to me but to the destiny of the State'. 'Odisha is a rich state where poor people live'. 'Be a pride to your State and not a shame'.

Commemoration

The Government of Odisha has named several institutions after the name of Biju Patanaik. They include the Biju Patnaik Airport at Bhubaneswar, the Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Biju Patnaik Stadium at Nalco Nagar, Angul etc. Also his son Naveen Patnaik made his birthday 5 March as the Panchayat Raj Divas, a holiday in Odisha in his memory. The Biju Patnaik 5 Rupee commemorative coin was released in 2016. The glimpse of Biju Patnaik's stature can be understood by the fact that when he died, his coffin was wrapped in the national flags of India, Russia, and Indonesia.

Biju Patnaik Memorial

Personal life

An avid Bridge player, Patnaik was the father of author Geeta Mehta and Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik.

Legislative history

House	Constituency	Start	End	Party	Notes
11th Lok Sabha	Aska	1996	17 April 1997*	Janata Dal	*Expired
10th Vidhan Sabha	Bhubaneswar	1990	1995	Janata Dal
9th Vidhan Sabha	Bhubaneswar	1985	1990	Janata
8th Lok Sabha	Kendrapara	1984	25 March 1985*		*Resigned
7th Lok Sabha	Kendrapara	1980
8th Vidhan Sabha	Patkura	1980	11 June 1980*	Janata (S)	*Resigned
6th Lok Sabha	Kendrapara	1977
6th Vidhan Sabha	Rajnagar	1974	1977	Utkal Congress
Rajya Sabha	Odisha	13 May 1971	6 October 1971	Janata Dal
3rd Vidhan Sabha	Choudwar	1961	1967	Congress
2nd Vidhan Sabha	Surada	1957	1961	Congress
1st Vidhan Sabha	Jagannathprasad	1951	1957	Congress

See also

• List of Chief Ministers of Odisha
• Biju Sena

External links

• New York Times article on Biju Patnaik
• Biju Patnaik: The Vision of a Patriot
• Tribute to Patnaik