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Alex Lifeson

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Alex Lifeson
OC
Lifeson performing in 2007
Lifeson performing in 2007
Background information
Birth nameAlexandar Živojinović
Born (1953-08-27) 27 August 1953 (age 71)
Fernie, British Columbia, Canada
OriginToronto, Ontario, Canada
Genres
Occupations
InstrumentGuitar
Years active1963–present
Labels

Alexandar Živojinović, OC (born 27 August 1953), better known by his stage name Alex Lifeson, is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the guitarist of the progressive rock band Rush. In 1968, Lifeson co-founded the band that would become Rush, with drummer John Rutsey and bassist and singer Jeff Jones. Jones was replaced by Geddy Lee a month later, and Rutsey was replaced by Neil Peart in 1974.

With Rush, Lifeson played electric and acoustic guitars, as well as other string instruments such as mandola, mandolin, and bouzouki. He also performed backing vocals in live performances, and occasionally plays keyboards and bass pedal synthesizers. Like the other members of Rush, Lifeson performed real-time on-stage triggering of sampled instruments, concurrently with his guitar playing.[1]

The bulk of Lifeson's work in music has been with Rush, although Lifeson has contributed to a body of work outside the band as well. Aside from music, Lifeson is part-owner of The Orbit Room, a bar and restaurant in Toronto, a painter and a licensed aircraft pilot.[2] Along with his bandmates Geddy Lee and Neil Peart, Lifeson was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on 9 May 1996. The trio was the first rock band to be so honoured, as a group.[3] In 2013, he was inducted with Rush into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.[4] Lifeson was ranked 98th on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time,[5] and third (after Eddie Van Halen and Brian May) in a Guitar World readers poll also listing the 100 greatest guitarists.[6]

Biography

Early life

Lifeson was born as Alexandar Zivojinovich (Aleksandar Živojinović/Александар Живојиновић in Serbian) in Fernie, British Columbia, to Serbian immigrants, Nenad and Melanija Živojinović, and raised in Toronto, Ontario.[2] His stage name of "Lifeson" is a semi-literal translation of the surname Živojinović, which means "son of life" in Serbian.[7] His first exposure to formal music training came in the form of the viola, which he renounced for the guitar at the age of 12. His first guitar was a Christmas gift from his father, a six-string Kent classical acoustic which was later replaced by an electric Japanese model. During his adolescent years, he was influenced primarily by Jimi Hendrix, Pete Townshend, Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page,[8] Steve Hackett, and Allan Holdsworth;[9] he explained in 2011 that "Clapton's solos seemed a little easier and more approachable. I remember sitting at my record player and moving the needle back and forth to get the solo in 'Spoonful.' But there was nothing I could do with Hendrix."[10] In 1963, Lifeson met future Rush drummer John Rutsey in school. Both interested in music, they decided to form a band. Lifeson was primarily a self-taught guitarist with the only formal instruction coming from a high school friend in 1971 who taught classical guitar lessons. This training lasted for roughly a year and a half.

Lifeson recalls what inspired him to play guitar in a 2008 interview:

My brother-in-law played flamenco guitar. He lent his guitar to me and I grew to like it. When you're a kid, you don't want to play an accordion because it would be too boring. But your parents might want you to play one, especially if you're from a Yugoslavian family like me.[11]

Lifeson's first girlfriend, Charlene, gave birth to their eldest son, Justin, in October 1970, and they married in 1975. Their second son, Adrian, was born two years later. Adrian is also involved in music, and performed on two tracks from Lifeson's 1996 solo project, Victor.

Rush

Lifeson during the 2010–2011 Time Machine Tour, Ahoy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (27 May 2011)

Lifeson's neighbour John Rutsey began experimenting on a rented drum kit. In 1963, Lifeson and Rutsey formed The Projection, which eventually became Rush in August 1968 following the recruitment of original bassist and vocalist Jeff Jones. Geddy Lee, a high school friend of Lifeson, assumed this role soon after.[12]

Instrumentally, Lifeson is renowned for his signature riffing, electronic effects and processing, unorthodox chord structures, and the copious arsenal of equipment he has used over the years.[13][14][15]

Rush was on hiatus for several years starting in 1997 owing to personal tragedies in Neil Peart's life, and Lifeson had not picked up a guitar for at least a year following those events.[16] However, after some work in his home studio and on various side projects, Lifeson returned to the studio with Rush to begin work on 2002's Vapor Trails. Vapor Trails is the first Rush album since the 1970s to lack keyboards—as such, Lifeson used over 50 different guitars in what Shawn Hammond of Guitar Player called "his most rabid and experimental playing ever." Geddy Lee was amenable to leaving keyboards off the album due in part to Lifeson's ongoing concern about their use. Lifeson's approach to the guitar tracks for the album eschewed traditional riffs and solos in favour of "tonality and harmonic quality."[16]

During live performances, he used foot pedals to cue various synthesizer, guitar, and backing vocal effects as he played.

Victor

While the bulk of Lifeson's work in music has been with Rush, his first major outside work was his solo project, Victor, released in 1996. Victor was attributed as a self-titled work (i.e. Victor is attributed as the artist as well as the album title). This was done deliberately as an alternative to issuing the album explicitly under Lifeson's name. The title track is from the W. H. Auden poem, also entitled "Victor". Both son Adrian and wife Charlene also contributed to the album. A follow-up album, possibly including vocals by Sarah McLachlan, was rumoured in the late 1990s, but was apparently shelved due to Atlantic Records' lack of support for the first album.[17]

Side projects

Main article: List of songs recorded by Rush § Alex Lifeson

Lifeson has also contributed to a body of work outside his involvement with the band in the form of instrumental contributions to other musical outfits. He made a guest appearance on the 1985 Platinum Blonde album Alien Shores performing guitar solos on the songs "Crying Over You" and "Holy Water". Later, in 1990, he appeared on Lawrence Gowan's album Lost Brotherhood to play guitar. In 1995, he guested on two tracks on Tom Cochrane's Ragged Ass Road album and then in 1996 on I Mother Earth's "Like a Girl" from the Scenery and Fish album. In 1997, he appeared on the Merry Axemas: A Guitar Christmas album. Lifeson played "The Little Drummer Boy" which was released as track 9 on the album.[18] In 2006, Lifeson founded the Big Dirty Band, which he created for the purpose of providing original soundtrack material for Trailer Park Boys: The Movie. Lifeson jammed regularly with the Dexters (the Orbit Room house band from 1994 to 2004). Lifeson made a guest appearance on the 2007 album Fear of a Blank Planet by UK progressive rock band Porcupine Tree, contributing a solo during the song "Anesthetize". He also appeared on the 2008 album Fly Paper by Detroit progressive rockers Tiles. He plays on the track "Sacred and Mundane". Outside band related endeavours, Lifeson composed the theme for the first season of the science-fiction TV series Andromeda. He also produced three songs from the album Away from the Sun by 3 Doors Down. Alex Lifeson is featured on Marco Minnemann's 2017 release Borrego, on which he played guitars on three songs and co-wrote the track "On That Note". In 2018, he played lead guitar on Fu Manchu's 18-minute mostly instrumental track "Il Mostro Atomico" from the group's Clone of the Universe album.[19]

Television and film appearances

Lifeson made his film debut as himself under his birth name in the 1973 Canadian documentary film Come on Children.[20]

He has appeared in several installments of the Canadian mockumentary franchise Trailer Park Boys. In 2003, he was featured in an episode titled "Closer to the Heart", playing a partly fictional version of himself. In the episode, he is kidnapped by Ricky and held as punishment for his inability (or refusal) to provide the main characters with free tickets to a Rush concert. In the end of the episode, Alex reconciles with the characters, and performs a duet of "Closer to the Heart" with Bubbles at the trailer park. In 2006, Lifeson appeared in Trailer Park Boys: The Movie as a traffic cop in the opening scene and in 2009 he appeared in their follow up movie, Trailer Park Boys: Countdown to Liquor Day, as an undercover vice cop in drag. In 2017, Lifeson appeared in an episode of the spin-off series Trailer Park Boys: Out of the Park: USA titled "Memphis." He also voiced Big Chunk in the first season of Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series.

In 2008, Lifeson and the rest of Rush played "Tom Sawyer" at the end of an episode of The Colbert Report. According to Colbert, this was their first appearance on American television as a band in 33 years.[21]

In 2009, he and the rest of the band appeared as themselves in the comedy I Love You, Man.[22]

Lifeson appears as the border guard in the 2009 movie Suck.[23]

The role of Dr. Funtime in The Drunk and On Drugs Happy Funtime Hour was originally written with Lifeson in mind, but due to scheduling conflicts the role was given to Maury Chaykin instead.[24]

Book forewords

Lifeson has penned forewords to three books: Behind the Stage Door by Rich Engler in 2013[25]; Shredders!: The Oral History Of Speed Guitar (And More) by Greg Prato in 2017[26]; and Geddy Lee's Big Beautiful Book of Bass by Geddy Lee in 2018.[27]

On New Year's Eve 2003, Lifeson, his son, and his daughter-in-law were arrested at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Naples, Florida.[28] Lifeson, after intervening in an altercation between his son and police, was accused of assaulting a sheriff's deputy in what was described as a drunken brawl. In addition to suffering a broken nose at the hands of the officers, Lifeson was tased six times. His son was also tased repeatedly.

On 21 April 2005, Lifeson and his son agreed to a plea deal with the local prosecutor for the State's Attorney office to avoid jail time by pleading no contest to a first-degree misdemeanor charge of resisting arrest without violence.[29] As part of the plea agreement, Lifeson and his son were each sentenced to 12 months of probation with the adjudication of that probation suspended. Lifeson acknowledged his subsequent legal action against both the Ritz-Carlton and the Collier County Sheriff's Office for "their incredibly discourteous, arrogant and aggressive behaviour of which I had never experienced in thirty years of travel."[28] Although both actions were initially dismissed in April 2007,[30] legal claims against the Ritz-Carlton were reinstated upon appeal, and ultimately settled out of court in August 2008, with Lifeson and his son agreeing to a confidential settlement from Ritz-Carlton.[31] In his journal-based book Roadshow, Peart relates the band's perspective on the events of that New Year's Eve.

Guitar equipment

Lifeson playing his Gibson Les Paul in the 'Heritage Cherry Sunburst'. This guitar has been modified to incorporate a Floyd Rose tremolo.

Early Rush (1970s)

In Rush's early career, Lifeson used a Gibson ES-335 for the first tour, and in 1976 bought a 1974 Gibson Les Paul; he used those two guitars until the late 1970s. He had a Fender Stratocaster with a Bill Lawrence humbucker and Floyd Rose vibrato bridge as backup "and for a different sound."[10] For the A Farewell to Kings sessions, Lifeson began using a Gibson EDS-1275 for songs like "Xanadu"[32] and his main guitar became a white Gibson ES-355.[10] During this period Lifeson used Hiwatt amplifiers.[33] He played a twelve-string Gibson B-45 on songs like "Closer to the Heart."[10]

1980s and 1990s

From 1980 to 1986, Lifeson used four identically modified Stratocasters, all of them equipped with the Floyd Rose bridge. As a joke, he called these Hentor Sportscasters – a made-up name inspired by Peter Henderson's name, who was the producer of Grace Under Pressure.[34] He would start using them again twenty years later.[35] He also played a Gibson Howard Roberts Fusion and an Ovation Adamas acoustic/electric guitar.[10] By 1987, Lifeson switched to Signature guitar despite describing them as "awful to play—very uncomfortable--...had a particular sound I liked."[10] Lifeson primarily used PRS guitars in the later-half of the 1990 Presto tour, and again during the recording of Roll The Bones in 1990/1991.[36] He would continue to play PRS for the next sixteen years through the recording and touring of Counterparts, Test for Echo and Vapor Trails as well as the R30 tour.

2000s onward: Return to Gibson guitars

In 2011, Lifeson said that for the past few years he "...used Gibson almost exclusively. There's nothing like having a low-slung Les Paul over my shoulder."

Gibson "Alex Lifeson Axcess"

In early 2011, Gibson introduced the "Alex Lifeson Axcess", a guitar specially designed for him. These are custom made Les Pauls with Floyd Rose tremolo systems and piezoacoustic pick-ups. He used these two custom Les Pauls on the Time Machine Tour. These guitars are also available through Gibson, in a viceroy Brown or Crimson colour. Lifeson used these two guitars heavily on the tour.[10]

For the 2012-2013 Clockwork Angels tour, Gibson built an Alex Lifeson Axcess model in black which became Lifeson's primary guitar for much of the show. For all acoustic work, he played one of his Axcess guitars using the piezo pick-ups; no acoustic guitars were used at all in the Clockwork Angels show.[37]

Paul Reed Smith acoustic signature guitar

For the 2015 R40 Tour, Lifeson used his signature acoustic guitar model by Paul Reed Smith. The guitar is currently available for private stock order.

Gibson R40 Signature Les Paul Axcess

Gibson introduced an Alex Lifeson R40 Les Paul Axcess signature guitar in June 2015.[38] This is a limited edition with 50 guitars signed and played by Lifeson, and another 250 available without the signature.

Gibson Custom Alex Lifeson Signature ES Les Paul semi-hollow

At the 2017 Winter NAMM show, Gibson representative Mike Voltz introduced an Antique White Gibson Custom Alex Lifeson Signature ES Les Paul semi-hollow guitar, a hybrid of a Les Paul Custom & an ES 335, with only 200 made. Mike also introduced the Antique White as a new color from Gibson for this Custom (note: Gibson names this color as 'Classic White' on their web site which may be an error due to other Gibson reps labeling it as Antique White). Alex played this Custom on the last Rush tour.

Amplification

In 2005, Hughes & Kettner introduced an Alex Lifeson signature series amplifier; Lifeson donates his royalties from the sale of these signature models to UNICEF.[39]

In 2012, Lifeson abandoned his signature Triamps in favour for custom-built Lerxst Omega Silver Jubilee clones, handmade by Mojotone in Burgaw, NC and Mesa/Boogie Mark V heads. He still uses the Hughes & Kettner Coreblades.

Effects

For effects, Lifeson is known to use chorus, phase shifting, and flanging. Throughout his career, he has used well-known pedals such as the Electro-Harmonix Electric Mistress flanger, the BOSS CE-1 chorus, the Dunlop crybaby wah, among others.[40]

Lifeson and his guitar technician Scott Appleton have discussed in interviews Lifeson's use of Fractal Audio's Axe-FX, Apple Inc.'s MainStage, and Native Instruments' Guitar Rig.[41]

Other instruments played

Stringed instruments

In addition to acoustic and electric guitars, Lifeson has also played mandola, mandolin and bouzouki on some Rush studio albums, including Test for Echo, Vapor Trails and Snakes & Arrows.

Electronic instruments

During live Rush performances, Lifeson used MIDI controllers that enabled him to use his free hands and feet to trigger sounds from digital samplers and synthesizers, without taking his hands off his guitar. (Prior to this, Lifeson used Moog Taurus Bass Pedals before they were replaced by Korg MIDI pedals in the 1980s.) Lifeson and his bandmates shared a desire to accurately depict songs from their albums when playing live performances. Toward this goal, beginning in the late 1980s the band equipped their live performances with a capacious rack of samplers. The band members used these samplers in real-time to recreate the sounds of non-traditional instruments, accompaniments, vocal harmonies, and other sound "events" that are familiarly heard on the studio versions of the songs. In live performances, the band members shared duties throughout most songs, with each member triggering certain sounds with his available limbs, while playing his primary instrument(s).[1]

Influence

Some artists have cited Lifeson as an influence, including Paul Gilbert of Mr. Big,[42] John Petrucci of Dream Theater,[43] James Hetfield of Metallica,[44] Steven Wilson of Porcupine Tree,[45] Denis "Piggy" D'Amour of Voivod[46] and John Wesley.[35] In addition, Marillion guitarist Steve Rothery has expressed his admiration for Lifeson's "dexterity" as a live performer and described Rush as a "fantastic live band".[47] Jazz guitarist Kurt Rosenwinkel, after citing him as an influence, praises his "incredible sound and imagination".[48]

Awards and honours

  • "Best Rock Talent" by Guitar for the Practicing Musician in 1983
  • "Best Rock Guitarist" by Guitar Player Magazine in 1984 and May 2008
  • Runner-up for "Best Rock Guitarist" in Guitar Player in 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986
  • Inducted into the Guitar for the Practicing Musician Hall of Fame, 1991
  • 1996 – Officer of the Order of Canada, along with bandmates Geddy Lee and Neil Peart
  • 2007 – Main belt asteroid "(19155) Lifeson" named after Alex Lifeson[49]
  • "Best Article" for "Different Strings" in Guitar Player (September 2007 issue).
  • Most Ferociously Brilliant Guitar Album (Snakes & Arrows) – Guitar Player Magazine, May 2008
  • 2013 – With Rush, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee[50]

References

  1. ^ a b "Onstagemag.com". Onstagemag.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2002. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Alex Lifeson Biography". 2112.net. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2007.
  3. ^ "RUSH Biography". Maplemusic.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  4. ^ Andy Greene (4 October 2012). "Rush, Public Enemy, Deep Purple Nominated for Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  5. ^ "Alex Lifeson - 100 Greatest Guitarists". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  6. ^ "Readers Poll Results: The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Guitar World. Archived from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  7. ^ Horizon to Horizon Rob Pagano's Rush Music Tribute Archived 16 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 7 October 2007
  8. ^ Alex Lifeson profile Epiphone Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 31 March 2006
  9. ^ Guitar World Staff (12 January 2012). "60 Minutes with Alex Lifeson and Geddy Lee of Rush Archived 7 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine". Guitar Player. New Bay Media. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Cohen, Elliot Stephen (September 2011). "Alex Lifeson: Rush Keeps Rollin'". Vintage Guitar. pp. 42–44. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  11. ^ Joe Lalaina (2008). "Inquirer with Alex Lifeson". Guitar Legends.
  12. ^ Banasiewicz, Bill (1990). Rush Visions: The Official Biography. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-1162-2.
  13. ^ Alex Lifeson profile Dinosaur Rock God Archived 9 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 31 March 2006
  14. ^ Alex Lifeson minor overview Guitar Player Accessed 16 July 2007
  15. ^ Alex Lifeson Archive Alex Lifeson Archive and equipment Accessed 16 July 2007
  16. ^ a b Hammond, Shawn (August 2002). "Back in the limelight: Alex Lifeson and Rush reignite after a five-year hiatus". Guitar Player. 38 (8). New Bay Media.
  17. ^ Eric Hansen. "Alex Lifeson's "Victor" linernotes and lyrics from Power Windows". 2112.net. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  18. ^ Alex Lifeson at AllMusic. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  19. ^ Kennelty, Greg (9 February 2018). "FU MANCHU's 18-Minute Psychedelic Stoner Epic Features RUSH Guitarist Alex Lifeson". Metal Injection. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  20. ^ "Come on Children". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Rush - The Colbert Report - Video Clip | Comedy Central". Colbertnation.com. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  22. ^ Manohla Dargis, Best Man Wanted. Must Be Rush Fan, The New York Times, 20 March 2009 (accessed 31 March 2009).
  23. ^ "Suck (2009)".
  24. ^ "Drunk and on Drugs Happy Funtime Hour: Behind the Scenes with Maury Chaykin". YouTube.
  25. ^ "New book Behind the Stage Door from concert promoter Rich Engler features foreword by Alex Lifeson". rushisaband.com. 8 December 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  26. ^ "Greg Prato's new book Shredders!: The Oral History Of Speed Guitar featuring a foreword by Alex Lifeson now available". rushisaband.com. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  27. ^ "Geddy Lee's Big Beautiful Book of Bass". harpercollins.ca. 18 December 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  28. ^ a b Taylor, Howard W. "The Naples incident". Lawreport.org. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  29. ^ "Rush' Alex Lifeson in court". YouTube. 21 June 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  30. ^ "Police Cleared In Altercation With Rush's Lifeson". Billboard. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  31. ^ Aisling Swift (22 August 2008). "Ritz-Carlton settles lawsuit with Rush guitarist's son - Naples Daily News". Naplesnews.com. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  32. ^ "Alex Lifeson Double Neck". Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  33. ^ "Prime Cuts: Rush". Guitar World. 5 November 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  34. ^ "The Grace Under Pressure Tourbook". Power Windows. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  35. ^ a b Prasad, Anil (2015). "John Wesley - Dose of Reality". Innerviews. Retrieved 18 July 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publicationdate= ignored (|publication-date= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Interview: Alex Lifeson". www.premierguitar.com. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  37. ^ Settle, Ken (12 October 2012). "GALLERY: Rush's Clockwork Angels Tour Gear". premierguitar. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  38. ^ "Introducing the Alex Lifeson R40 Les Paul Axcess - Rush.com". www.rush.com.
  39. ^ "TriAmp MKII Alex Lifeson". Hughes-and-kettner.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  40. ^ "Alex Lifeson". Dinosaur Rock Guitar. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  41. ^ "Premier Guitar Interview: Rush's Alex Lifeson". LERXST Amplification. 19 February 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  42. ^ McDonald, Keith (May 2004). "Interview With Paul Gilbert". Metal Rules. Retrieved 28 February 2017. Q: Who were your guitar influences?
    Paul Gilbert: Jimmy Page, Eddie Van Halen, Alex Lifeson [...]
  43. ^ Epting, Chris (8 October 2013). "Dream Theater's John Petrucci Discusses Early Success of New Album, 2014 Tour Plans + More". Loudwire. Retrieved 4 April 2017. [...] When they played the song 'La Villa Strangiato,' the solo that Alex [Lifeson] played really had a huge influence on me. I think I remember every note to this day. [...] {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publicationdate= ignored (|publication-date= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ Blackett, Matt (1 February 2009). "Welcome Home: Metallica Revisits The Past, Cranks The MIDS, And Humbles All". Guitar Player. Retrieved 20 January 2020. Q: The name James Hetfield is frequently mentioned on a short list of the greatest rhythm guitarists of all time, alongside people like Keith Richards, Pete Townshend, and Malcolm Young. How do you feel about that?
    James Hetfield: It's awesome. I would include Alex Lifeson in there, because he's an amazing rhythm player—although some people don't notice.
  45. ^ Prasad, Anil (2010). "Porcupine Tree - Dream logic". www.innerviews.org. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  46. ^ Williams, Rob (29 July 2009). "Metal legends still soldiering on four years after guitarist's death". Winnipeg Free Press. Barcelona, Spain. Retrieved 28 February 2017. [...] They are very Voivodian and we can tell the influences of Piggy more than (his work for) Voivod. He was an Alex Lifeson fan [...]
  47. ^ Prato, Greg (February 2017). "Steve Rothery". Vintage Guitar.
  48. ^ "In Conversation with Kurt Rosenwinkel – Jazz.com | Jazz Music – Jazz Artists – Jazz News". 27 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  49. ^ (19155) Lifeson, Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, Harvard University
  50. ^ Rush. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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