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Maltodextrin

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Maltodextrin
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • None
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.934 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
Properties
C6nH(10n+2)O(5n+1)
Molar mass Variable
Appearance White powder
Free soluble or readily dispersible in water[1]
Solubility Slightly soluble to insoluble in anhydrous alcohol[1]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide (many carbohydrates joined together in a molecular chain) that is used as a food additive.[2] It is produced from vegetable starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a white hygroscopic spray-dried powder.[1] Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose and may be either moderately sweet or almost flavorless (depending on the degree of polymerisation).[2]

It is commonly used for the production of soft drinks and candy. It can also be found as an ingredient in a variety of other processed foods.[2]

Structure

Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to 17 glucose units long.

Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 and 20. The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, the higher the sweetness, the higher the solubility, and the lower heat resistance. Above DE 20, the European Union's CN code calls it glucose syrup; at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins.

Production

Maltodextrin can be enzymatically derived from any starch. In the US, this starch is usually corn; in Europe, it is common to use wheat. In the European Union, wheat-derived maltodextrin is exempt from labeling, as set out in Annex II of EC Directive No 1169/2011.[3] In the United States, however, it is not exempt from allergen declaration per the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act, and its effect on a voluntary gluten-free claim must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis per the applicable Food and Drug Administration policy.

Food uses

Maltodextrin is used to improve the mouthfeel of food and beverage products.[2] It is also used in some snacks such as potato chips and jerky. It is used in "light" peanut butter to reduce the fat content but keep the texture. Maltodextrin is also sometimes taken as a dietary supplement by athletes in powder form, gel packets, or energy drinks.[2]

Maltodextrin is used as an inexpensive additive to thicken food products such as infant formula.[2] It is also used as a filler in sugar substitutes and other products.[2] Maltodextrin has a glycemic index ranging from 85 to 105.[4]

In animal studies, there is evidence to suggest that maltodextrin may exacerbate intestinal inflammation.[5]

Other uses

Maltodextrin is used as a horticultural insecticide both in the field and in greenhouses. It has no physiological or biochemical action. Its efficacy is based upon spraying a dilute solution upon the pest insects, whereupon the solution dries, blocks the insects' spiracles and causes death by asphyxiation.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Reference Tables: Description and Solubility - M". US Pharmacopeia. Archived from the original on 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Nutrition, Health, and Regulatory Aspects of Digestible Maltodextrins". Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 56 (12): 2091–2100. 2016. doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.940415. PMC 4940893. PMID 25674937. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  3. ^ REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL (Directive 1169/2011, Annex II). 25 October 2011. Retrieved 4 Apr 2016.
  4. ^ "Maltodextrin: The Time and Place for High Glycemic Carbohydrates".
  5. ^ "Laudisi, Federica, et al. "The food additive maltodextrin promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress–driven mucus depletion and exacerbates intestinal inflammation." Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 7.2 (2019): 457-473".
  6. ^ "Majestik™ Label" (PDF). Dejex: Supplying Horticulture. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
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