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Fabergé egg

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The Imperial Coronation Egg, one of the most famous and iconic of all the Fabergé eggs.
The Moscow Kremlin egg, 1906.

A Fabergé egg (Russian: Яйца Фаберже́, yaytsa faberzhe) is a jewelled egg created by the House of Fabergé, in St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia. Possibly as many as 69 were created, of which 57 survive today. Virtually all were manufactured under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé between 1885 and 1917,[citation needed] the most famous being the 52 "Imperial" eggs, 46 of which survive, made for the Russian Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II as Easter gifts for their wives and mothers.[1]

History

The first Fabergé egg was crafted for Tsar Alexander III, who had decided to give his wife, the Empress Maria Feodorovna, an Easter egg in 1885, possibly to celebrate the 20th anniversary of their betrothal. Although there is no official record of the Tsar's inspiration for it, many believe that he was moved by an egg owned by the Empress's aunt, Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark, which had captivated Maria's imagination in her childhood and of which the Tsar was well aware. Known as the Hen Egg, the very first Fabergé egg is crafted from a foundation of gold. Its opaque white enameled "shell" opens to reveal a matte yellow-gold yolk. This, in turn, opens to reveal a multicolored gold hen that also opens. The hen contained a minute diamond replica of the imperial crown from which a small ruby pendant was suspended, but these last two elements have been lost.[2]

Maria was so delighted by the gift that Alexander appointed Fabergé a "goldsmith by special appointment to the Imperial Crown" and commissioned another egg the next year. After that, Peter Carl Fabergé was apparently given complete freedom for the design of future imperial Easter eggs, and their designs became more elaborate. According to Fabergé family lore, not even the Tsar knew what form they would take—the only requirements were that each contain a surprise, and that each be unique. Once Fabergé had approved an initial design, the work was carried out by a team of craftsmen, among them Michael Perkhin, Henrik Wigström and Erik August Kollin.[citation needed]

After Alexander III's death on 1 November 1894, his son, Nicholas II, presented a Fabergé egg to both his wife, Alexandra Fedorovna, and his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna. Records have shown that of the 50 imperial Easter eggs, 20 were given to the former and 30 to the latter. Eggs were made each year except 1904 and 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War.[3]

The imperial eggs enjoyed great fame, and Fabergé was commissioned to make similar eggs for a few private clients, including the Duchess of Marlborough, the Rothschild family and the Yusupovs. Fabergé was also commissioned to make twelve eggs for the industrialist Alexander Kelch, though only seven appear to have been completed.[citation needed]

Following the revolution and the nationalization of the Fabergé workshop in St. Petersburg by the bolsheviks in 1918, the Fabergé family left Russia. The Fabergé trademark has since been sold several times and several companies have retailed egg-related merchandise using the Fabergé name. The Victor Mayer jewelry company produced limited edition heirloom quality Fabergé eggs authorized under Unilever's license from 1998 to 2009. The trademark is now owned by Fabergé Limited, which makes egg-themed jewelry.[4]

List of eggs

List of Fabergé imperial Easter eggs

Below is a chronology of the eggs made for the imperial family. The dating of the eggs has evolved. An earlier chronology dated the Blue Serpent Clock Egg to 1887 and identified the egg of 1895 as the Twelve Monograms Egg. The discovery of the previously lost Third Imperial Easter Egg confirms the chronology below.[5]

Date Egg Image Description Owner
1885 Hen Also known as the Jeweled Hen Egg, it was the first in a series of 54 jeweled eggs made for the Russian Imperial family under Fabergé's supervision. It was delivered to Alexander III in 1885. The Tsarina and the Tsar enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III ordered a new egg from Fabergé for his wife every Easter thereafter. Viktor Vekselberg
1886 Hen with Sapphire Pendant Also known as the Egg with Hen in Basket, it was made in 1886 for Alexander III, who presented it to his wife, the Empress Maria Feodorovna. Lost
1887 Third Imperial A jewelled and ridged yellow gold Egg with Vacheron & Constantin watch stands on its original tripod pedestal, which has chased lion paw feet and is encircled by coloured gold garlands suspended from cabochon blue sapphires topped with rose diamond set bows. After being discovered in an American flea market, in 2014 it was purchased by London-based jeweler Wartski on behalf of an unidentified private collector.[6] Private collection
1888 Cherub with Chariot Also known as the Angel with Egg in Chariot, crafted and delivered in 1888 to Alexander III. This is one of the lost imperial eggs, so few details are known about it. Lost
1889 Nécessaire File:Nécessaire Egg.jpg Crafted and delivered to Alexander III, who presented it to his wife, Maria Feodorovna, on Easter 1889. Lost
1890 Danish Palaces Crafted and delivered to Alexander III, who presented it to his wife, Maria Feodorovna, on Easter 1890. Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation, housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, until 2021[7]
1891 Memory of Azov Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1892 Diamond Trellis The surprise, an elephant automaton thought to have been lost for many years, was identified in 2015 as being in the collection of the British Royal Collection Trust. Dorothy and Artie McFerrin collection
1893 Caucasus Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation,

displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

1894 Renaissance Viktor Vekselberg
1895 Rosebud Viktor Vekselberg
1895 Blue Serpent Clock Before March 2014 mistaken for the Third Imperial Egg Albert II of Monaco collection, Monte-Carlo, Monaco
1896 Rock Crystal Also known as Revolving Miniatures Egg Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
1896 Twelve Monograms Also known as the Alexander III Portraits Egg.[8] Surprise is missing. Hillwood Museum, Washington, D.C., US
1897 Imperial Coronation Viktor Vekselberg
1897 Mauve Only the egg's surprise has been found. Lost
Viktor Vekselberg
1898 Lilies of the Valley Made under the supervision of Fabergé in 1898 by Fabergé ateliers. The supervising goldsmith was Michael Perchin. The egg is one of two in Art Nouveau style. It was presented on 5 April to Tsar Nicholas II, and was used as a gift to the tsaritsa, Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna. Viktor Vekselberg
1898 Pelican File:Pelican (Fabergé egg).jpg Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, US
1899 Bouquet of Lilies Clock Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1899 Pansy The egg's surprise Matilda Gray Stream, US
1900 Trans-Siberian Railway Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1900 Cockerel Viktor Vekselberg
1901 Basket of Flowers Royal Collection, London, United Kingdom
1901 Gatchina Palace Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, US
1902 Clover Leaf Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1902 Empire Nephrite Surprise – miniature portrait of Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia and Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg (original lost) Private collection, New York City[9]
1903 Peter the Great Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, US
1903 Royal Danish Lost
1904 No eggs made
1905 No eggs made
1906 Moscow Kremlin Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1906 Swan Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Switzerland
1907 Rose Trellis Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, US
1907 Love Trophies Also known as the "Cradle with Garlands" egg Private collection
1908 Alexander Palace Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1908 Peacock Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Switzerland
1909 Standart Yacht Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1909 Alexander III Commemorative Lost
1910 Colonnade Royal Collection, London, UK
1910 Alexander III Equestrian Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1911 Fifteenth Anniversary Viktor Vekselberg
1911 Bay Tree Also known as the Orange Tree Egg Viktor Vekselberg
1912 Czarevich or Tsarevich Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, US
1912 Napoleonic Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation.

Displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

1913 Romanov Tercentenary Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1913 Winter Designed by Alma Pihl, the only female and one of the best known Fabergé workmasters, as a gift to Maria Feodorovna by her son Nicholas II. The exterior of the egg resembles frost and ice crystals formed on clear glass. It is studded with 1,660 diamonds, and is made from quartz, platinum, and orthoclase. The surprise is a miniature flower basket studded with 1,378 diamonds and is made from platinum and gold, while the flowers are made of white quartz and the leaves are made of demantoid. The flowers lie in gold moss. The egg is 102 millimeters high. It was reported that the buyer was Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar.[10]
1914 Mosaic Royal Collection, London, UK
1914 Grisaille Also known as the "Catherine the Great Egg". The egg was made by Henrik Wigström, "Fabergé's last head workmaster". It was given to Maria Feodorovna by her son Nicholas II. Its surprise (now lost) was "a mechanical sedan chair, carried by two blackamoors, with Catherine the Great seated inside".[11] Hillwood Museum, Washington, D.C., US
1915 Red Cross with Triptych Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
1915 Red Cross with Imperial Portraits Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, US
1916 Steel Military File:Faberge Steel Military.jpg Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia
1916 Order of St. George Made during World War I, the Order of St. George egg commemorates the Order of St. George that was awarded to Emperor Nicholas and his son, the Grand Duke Alexei Nikolaievich.[12] The Order of St. George Egg and its counterpart the Steel Military Egg were given a modest design in keeping with the austerity of World War I,[13] and Fabergé billed 13,347 rubles for the two.[12] The Order of St. George egg left Bolshevik Russia with its original recipient, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna.[14] Viktor Vekselberg
1917 Karelian Birch Created in 1917, the egg was due to be completed and delivered to the Tsar that Easter, as a present for his mother, the Empress Maria Feodorovna. Before the egg could be delivered, the February Revolution took place and Nicholas II was forced to abdicate on 15 March. On 25 April, Fabergé sent the Tsar an invoice for the egg, addressing Nicholas II not as "Tsar of all the Russians" but as "Mr. Romanov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich". Nicholas paid 12,500 rubles and the egg was sent to Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich at his palace, for presentation to the empress, but the duke fled before it arrived. The egg remained in the palace until it was stolen in the wake of the October Revolution later that year. Alexander Ivanov. Displayed at Ivanov's

Fabergé Museum in Baden-Baden, Germany.

1917 Constellation (unfinished) Because of the Russian Revolution of 1917, this egg was never finished or presented to Nicholas's wife, the Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna. Two eggs have been claimed to be the Constellation Egg: one held at Fersman Mineralogical Museum in Moscow and the other in the possession of Alexander Ivanov and displayed at Ivanov's Fabergé Museum in Baden-Baden, Germany. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow or the Fabergé Museum in Baden-Baden.

List of the Kelch eggs

Faberge was also commissioned to make eggs for Alexander Ferdinandovich Kelch, a Siberian gold mine industrialist, as gifts for his wife Barbara (Varvara) Kelch-Bazanova. Though still "Fabergé eggs" by virtue of having been produced by his workshop, these eggs were not as elaborate as the imperial eggs, and were not unique in design. Most are copies of other eggs.

Date Egg Image Description Owner
1898 Hen Viktor Vekselberg
1899 Twelve Panel Royal Collection, London, UK
1900 Pine Cone Private collection
1901 Apple Blossom Liechtenstein National Museum
1902 Rocaille Dorothy and Artie McFerrin collection
1903 Bonbonnière Estate of the late Kerry Packer
1904 Chanticleer Viktor Vekselberg

Other Fabergé eggs

Date Egg Image Description Owner
1885–91 Blue Striped Enamel Private collection
1902 Duchess of Marlborough Viktor Vekselberg
1902 Rothschild Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia
1907 Youssoupov Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Switzerland
1914 Nobel Ice Dorothy and Artie McFerrin collection
1885–89 Resurrection possibly the surprise from the 1894 Renaissance Egg[15] Viktor Vekselberg
1899–1903 Spring Flowers Possibly inauthentic Viktor Vekselberg
1899–1903 Scandinavian Viktor Vekselberg
1895 Egg-Stamp File:Яйцо-Печать.jpg A seal, made of red gold, surrounding the upper part of the Egg and bowenite, decorated with 19 diamonds. At the top of the Egg six rubies, cabochons on garlands, and three rubies, cabochons on the chest of the cherubs. Private collection

Location of eggs

Of the 69 known Fabergé eggs,[note 1] 57 have survived to the present day. Ten of the imperial Easter eggs are displayed at Moscow's Kremlin Armory Museum. Of the 50 delivered[16] imperial eggs, 44 have survived, and there are photographs of three of the six lost eggs: the 1903 Royal Danish Egg, the 1909 Alexander III Commemorative Egg, and the Nécessaire Egg of 1889.[9] The previously lost Third Imperial Easter Egg of 1887 has since been found in the US and bought by Wartski for a private collector.[17]

After the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks nationalized the House of Fabergé, and the Fabergé family fled to Switzerland, where Peter Carl Fabergé died in 1920.[18] The imperial family's palaces were ransacked and their treasures moved to the Kremlin Armoury on order of Vladimir Lenin.[18]

In a bid to acquire more foreign currency, Joseph Stalin had many of the eggs sold in 1927, after their value had been appraised by Agathon Fabergé. Between 1930 and 1933, 14 imperial eggs left Russia. Many of the eggs were sold to Armand Hammer (president of Occidental Petroleum and a personal friend of Lenin, whose father was founder of the United States Communist Party) and to Emanuel Snowman of the London antique dealers Wartski.

After the collection in the Kremlin Armoury, the largest gathering of Fabergé eggs was assembled by Malcolm Forbes, and displayed in New York City. Totaling nine eggs, and approximately 180 other Fabergé objects, the collection was to be put up for auction at Sotheby's in February 2004 by Forbes' heirs. However, before the auction began, the collection was purchased in its entirety by the oligarch Victor Vekselberg.[19] In a 2013 BBC Four documentary, Vekselberg revealed he had spent just over $100 million purchasing the nine Fabergé eggs.[20] He claims never to have displayed them in his home, saying he bought them as they are important to Russian history and culture, and he believed them to be the best jewelry art in the world. In the same BBC documentary, Vekselberg revealed he plans to open a museum that will display the eggs in his collection,[20] which was built as a private Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 19 November 2013.[note 2][21]

In November 2007, a Fabergé clock, named by Christie's auction house the Rothschild Egg, sold at auction for £8.9 million (including commission).[22] The price achieved by the egg set three auction records: it is the most expensive timepiece, Russian object, and Fabergé object ever sold at auction, surpassing the $9.6 million sale of the 1913 Winter Egg in 2002.[23][24]

In 1989, as part of the San Diego Arts Festival, 26 Fabergé eggs were loaned for display at the San Diego Museum of Art, the largest exhibition of Fabergé eggs anywhere since the Russian Revolution.[25] The eggs included eight from the Kremlin,[note 3] nine from the Forbes collection,[note 4] three from the New Orleans Museum of Art,[note 5] two from the Royal Collection[note 6] one from the Cleveland Museum of Art[note 7] and three from private collections.[note 8]

Location of the imperial eggs

Location/Owner Image Number of eggs Eggs in collection
Kremlin Armoury, Moscow, Russia 10 Memory of Azov, Bouquet of Lilies Clock, Trans-Siberian Railway, Clover Leaf, Moscow Kremlin, Alexander Palace, Standart Yacht, Alexander III Equestrian, Romanov Tercentenary, Steel Military
Viktor Vekselberg's Link of Times foundation,
Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia		 9 Hen, Renaissance, Rosebud, Coronation, Lilies of the Valley, Cockerel, Fifteenth Anniversary, Bay Tree, Order of St. George
Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, United States 5 Revolving Miniatures, Pelican, Peter the Great, Czarevich, Red Cross with Imperial Portraits
Royal Collection, London, UK 3 Basket of Wild Flowers, Colonnade, Mosaic
Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation. Displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, United States 3 Danish Palaces, Caucasus, Napoleonic
Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland 2 Swan, Peacock
Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens, Washington, D.C., United States 2 Twelve Monograms, Catherine the Great
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, United States 2 Gatchina Palace, Rose Trellis
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, United States 1 Red Cross with Triptych
Albert II of Monaco collection, Monte-Carlo, Monaco 1 Blue Serpent Clock
Alexander Ivanov. Displayed at Ivanov's Fabergé Museum in Baden-Baden, Germany. 1 Karelian Birch (the egg was never delivered to the Tsar due to the February Revolution)
The State of Qatar 1 Winter
Dorothy and Artie McFerrin collection 1 Diamond Trellis
Separate private collections 4 Pansy, Love Trophies, Third Imperial Egg, Empire

Location of the Kelch eggs

Location/Owner Image Number of Eggs Eggs in collection
Viktor Vekselberg's Link of Times foundation,
Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia		 2 Kelch Hen, Chanticleer
Royal Collection, London, UK 1 Twelve Panel
Liechtenstein National Museum 1 Apple Blossom
Dorothy and Artie McFerrin collection 1 Rocaille
Separate private collections 2 Pine Cone, Bonbonnière

Location of the other eggs

Location/owner Image Number of eggs Eggs in collection
Viktor Vekselberg's Link of Times foundation,
Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia		 4 Duchess of Marlborough, Resurrection, Spring Flowers, Scandinavian
Cleveland Museum of Art 1 Lapis Lazuli
Dorothy and Artie McFerrin collection 1 Nobel Ice
Edouard and Maurice Sandoz Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland 1 Youssoupov
Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia 1 Rothschild
private collection 1 Blue Striped Enamel

Fabergé eggs have acquired a cult status in the art world and popular culture. Featured in exhibitions, films, TV series, documentaries, cartoons, publications, and the news, they continue to intrigue. They have become symbols of the splendor, power and wealth of the Romanov dynasty and the Russian Empire, priceless treasures to hunt, steal, etc.

As such, they have been part of the plot in several films and television series, such as Octopussy (1983), Love Among Thieves (1987), Murder She Wrote episode "An Egg to Die For" (1994), The Simpsons episode "'Round Springfield" (1995), Case Closed: The Last Wizard of the Century (1999), The Order (2001), Relic Hunter episode "M.I.A." (2001), Ocean's Twelve (2004), Thick as Thieves (2009), American Dad! episode "A Jones for a Smith" (2010), The Intouchables (2011), Hustle episode "Eat Yourself Slender" (2012), Scooby Doo! Mystery Incorporated episode "The House of the Nightmare Witch" (2012),[26] Person of Interest episode "Search and Destroy" (2015), Imperial Eight (2015),[27] the British crime drama series Peaky Blinders ("Lilies of the Valley" egg, season 3, episode 6, 2016), Hooten & the Lady episode "Moscow" (2016),[28] and the comedy Game Night (2018), Between Two Ferns: The Movie (2019).

In Danielle Steele's 1988 novel Zoya, a Fabergé egg is a keepsake of the last two remaining members of a noble family. The 2011 digital card game Cabals: Magic & Battle Cards features Fabergé egg as a collectible card.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ the 50 delivered Imperial eggs, the Karelian Birch Egg, the seven Kelch eggs, the Duchess of Marlborough, the Rothschild, the Youssoupov, Nobel, Resurrection, Spring Flowers, and Blue Striped Enamel eggs—total 65
  2. ^ The foundation supporting the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg is the Link of Times Foundation, which has been repatriated lost cultural valuables to Russia.
  3. ^ Memory of Azov, Bouquet of Lilies Clock, Trans-Siberian Railway, Alexander Palace, Standart Yacht, Alexander III Equestrian, Romanov Tercentenary, and Steel Military
  4. ^ Renaissance, Rosebud, Coronation, Lilies of the Valley, Cockerel, Bay Tree, Fifteenth Anniversary, Order of St. George, and Spring Flowers
  5. ^ Danish Palaces, Caucasus, and Napoleonic
  6. ^ Colonnade and Mosaic
  7. ^ Red Cross with Triptych
  8. ^ Pansy, Love Trophies, and Blue Striped Enamel

References

  1. ^ "Faberge eggs, marble sausage go on display in Moscow". Reuters. 7 April 2011.
  2. ^ "Article on the first Hen egg". wintraecken.nl. 13 November 2008. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  3. ^ "Current whereabouts of the fifty Fabergé Imperial eggs". pbs.org. 1999. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  4. ^ Corder, Rob (18 November 2011). "Faberge: A Regal Renaissance". ProfessionalJeweller.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  5. ^ Wartski.com Archived 4 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Singh, Anita (18 March 2014). "The £20m Fabergé egg that was almost sold for scrap". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  7. ^ "Fabergé from the Matilda Geddings Gray Foundation Collection November 22, 2011 – November 30, 2021". Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  8. ^ Hillwood Museum have identified the Twelve Monograms Egg previously dated to 1895 as the Alexander III Portraits Egg of 1896, Artdaily.com Archived 16 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ a b Download. "(PDF) Fabergé: The Imperial "Empire" Egg of 1902. New York, 2017. | Dmitry Krivoshey, Valentin Skurlov, and Nicholas B.A. Nicholson". Academia.edu. Retrieved 30 August 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Nikkhah, Roya (16 March 2008). "Worth hunting for, the ultimate Easter eggs". Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  11. ^ "Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens – The Catherine the Great Egg". Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Treasures of Imperial Russia". treasuresofimperialrussia.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2007.
  13. ^ "Mieks Fabergé Eggs". May 2016. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  14. ^ "Faberge". Treasures of Imperial Russia. Archived from the original on 28 July 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  15. ^ "Faberge - Treasures of Imperial Russia". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  16. ^ "Lost Fabergé Easter egg on show for first time in 112 years". Reuters. 7 April 2014.
  17. ^ Singh, Anita (18 March 2014). "The £20m Fabergé egg that was almost sold for scrap". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Faberge Eggs – the fate of the eggs". Pbs.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  19. ^ "Buying Putin's Indulgences". Energy Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  20. ^ a b "The World's Most Beautiful Eggs: The Genius of Carl Faberge" Archived 30 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine BBC FOUR
  21. ^ "Home Page". The Link of Times foundation. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  22. ^ The clock was previously documented and had been published in 1964 in L'Objet 1900 by Maurice Rheims, plate 29
  23. ^ Fabergé egg sold for record £8.9m Archived 4 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 28 November 2007
  24. ^ Varoli, John (28 November 2007). "Muse Arts". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  25. ^ "ANTIQUES; Not Imperial, but Still Faberge". The New York Times. 28 May 1989. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  26. ^ Cook, Victor (31 July 2012), The House of the Nightmare Witch, archived from the original on 11 February 2017, retrieved 29 March 2016
  27. ^ "Road's End Films". roadsendfilms.com. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  28. ^ "Hooten & the Lady". Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

Further reading

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