Cent (currency)
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The cent, commonly represented by the cent sign (a minuscule letter c crossed by a diagonal stroke or a vertical line: ¢; or a simple c) is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals 1⁄100 of the basic monetary unit. Etymologically, the word cent derives from the Latin word centum meaning hundred.
Cent also refers to a coin worth one cent. The United States 1¢ coin is generally known by the nickname "penny", alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. Canada ended production of their 1¢ coin in 2012.
Symbol
| ¢ c | |
|---|---|
Cent (currency) | |
| In Unicode | U+00A2 ¢ CENT SIGN (¢) U+0063 c LATIN SMALL LETTER C |
| Currency | |
| Currency | various |
| Related | |
| See also | U+FFE0 ￠ FULLWIDTH CENT SIGN |
 Category | |
The cent may be represented by the cent sign, written in various ways according to the national convention and font choice. Most commonly seen forms are a minuscule letter c crossed by a diagonal stroke or a vertical line, with a tick above and below, or by a simple c, depending on the currency (see below). Cent amounts from 1 to 99 can be represented as one or two digits followed by the appropriate abbreviation (2¢, 5c, 75¢, 99c), or as a subdivision of the base unit ($0.75, €0.99) In some countries, longer abbreviations like "ct." are used. Languages that use other alphabets have their own abbreviations and conventions.
The cent sign appeared as the shift of the 6 key on American manual typewriters, but that position has been taken over by the caret on computer keyboards. The character (offset 162) can still be created in most common code pages, including Unicode and Windows-1252:
- On DOS- or Windows-based computers, Alt is held while typing 0162 or 155 on the numeric keypad.[1] If there is no numeric keypad, as on many laptops, A2 is typed in Windows Wordpad followed by Alt+X and copy/paste the resulting ¢ into the target document. For the US International keyboard <Right Alt> <Shift> c is typed (Windows).
- On Macintosh systems, ⌥ Option is held and 4 on the number row is pressed.
- On Unix/Linux systems with a compose key, Compose+|+C and Compose+/+C are typical sequences.
When written in English, the cent sign (¢ or c) follows the amount (with no space between)—for example, 2¢ and $0.02, or 2c and €0.02.
Usage
| East India Company half cent (1845). | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Obverse: Crowned head left with lettering Queen Victoria | Reverse: Face value, year and "East India Company" inscribed inside wreath. |
| 18,737,498 coins minted in 1845. | |
Minor currency units called cent or similar names
Examples of currencies around the world featuring centesimal (1⁄100) units called cent, or related words from the same root such as céntimo, centésimo, centavo or sen, are:
- Argentine peso (as centavo)
- Aruban florin
- Australian dollar
- Barbadian dollar
- Bahamian dollar
- Belize dollar
- Bermudian dollar
- Bolivian boliviano (as centavo)
- Brazilian real (as centavo)
- Brunei dollar (as sen)
- Canadian dollar
- Cayman Islands dollar
- Chilean peso (as centavo). Centavos officially exist and are considered in financial transactions; however, there are no current centavo-denominated coins.
- Colombian peso (as centavo)
- Cook Islands dollar (cent, although some 50 cent coins are marked "50 tene")
- Cuban peso (as centavo)
- East Caribbean dollar
- Eritrean nakfa
- Estonian kroon (as sent)
- Euro – the coins bear the text "Euro cent". Greek coins have ΛΕΠΤΟ ("lepto") on the obverse of the one-cent coin and ΛΕΠΤΑ ("lepta") on the obverse of the others. The actual usage varies depending on the language.
- Fijian dollar
- Guyanese dollar
- Hong Kong dollar, however all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 cents
- Indonesian rupiah (as sen)
- Jamaican dollar
- Kenyan shilling
- Lesotho loti (as sente)
- Liberian dollar
- Macau pataca (as avo)
- Malaysian ringgit (as sen)
- Mauritian rupee
- Mexican peso (as centavo)
- Moroccan dirham (as santim)
- Namibian dollar
- Netherlands Antillean gulden
- New Zealand dollar
- Panamanian balboa (as centésimo)
- Peruvian nuevo sol (as céntimo)
- Philippine peso (as sentimo or centavo)
- Seychellois rupee
- Sierra Leonean leone
- Singapore dollar
- South African rand
- Sri Lankan rupee
- Surinamese dollar
- Swazi lilangeni
- New Taiwan dollar
- Tanzanian shilling
- Tongan paʻanga (as seniti)
- Trinidad and Tobago dollar
- United States dollar
- Uruguayan peso (as centésimo)
- Zimbabwean dollar
Minor currency units with other names
Examples of currencies featuring centesimal (1⁄100) units not called cent
| Major unit | Divided into |
|---|---|
| British pound | 100 pence (singular: penny) since 1971 |
| Bulgarian lev | 100 stotinki Cyrillic: стотинки ("hundredths") |
| Chinese Yuan/Renminbi | 100 fēn (分); in general usage, divided into 10 jiǎo (角). |
| Croatian kuna | 100 lipa |
| Danish krone | 100 øre |
| Estonian mark | 100 penni (singular: penn) |
| Indian rupee | 100 paise |
| Israeli new shekel | 100 agorot |
| Macau pataca | 100 avos; circulating coins are 10, 20, and 50 avos. |
| Macedonian denar | 100 deni |
| Mongolian tögrög | 100 möngö |
| Norwegian krone | 100 øre |
| Pakistani rupee | 100 paise |
| Polish złoty | 100 groszy (singular: grosz) |
| Romanian and Moldovan leu | 100 bani |
| Russian ruble | 100 kopeks |
| Saudi riyal | 100 halalas |
| Serbian dinar | 100 paras |
| Swedish krona | 100 öre |
| Swiss franc | German: 100 Rappen French: 100 centimes Italian: 100 centesimi Romansch: 100 raps |
| Thai baht | 100 satang |
| Turkish Lira | 100 kuruş |
| United Arab Emirates dirham | 100 fils |
| Ukrainian hryvnia | 100 kopijkas. |
Obsolete centesimal currency units
Examples of currencies which formerly featured centesimal (1⁄100) units but now have no fractional denomination in circulation:
| Major unit | Formerly divided into |
|---|---|
| Costa Rican colón | (until the 1980s) 100 céntimos. |
| Czech koruna | 100 hellers |
| Hungarian forint | 100 fillér |
| The last fillér coin was removed from circulation in 1999, but it continues to be used in calculation, e.g. for petrol. The fillér was also used as the centesimal unit for the currencies preceding the forint: the Hungarian pengő, the Hungarian korona and the Austro-Hungarian krone. | |
| Icelandic króna | 100 eyrir (singular aurar) |
| Japanese yen | 100 sen or 1000 rin |
| South Korean Won | 100 jeon |
| Ugandan shilling | (until 2013) 100 cents. |
Examples of currencies which use the cent symbol for other purposes:
- Costa Rican colón – The common symbol '¢' is frequently used locally to represent '₡', the proper colón designation
- Ghanaian cedi – The common symbol '¢' is sometimes used to represent '₵', the proper cedi designation
