Timeline of Pietermaritzburg

The following is a timeline of the history of Pietermaritzburg. It is part of the Msunduzi Local Municipality in the Umgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.

19th century

1839
- Pietermaritzburg founded by Voortrekkers; named after Gerrit Maritz and Piet Retief.^[1]
- October: Settlement becomes capital of the newly formed Natalia Republic.
1840 - Voortrekker Church of the Vow consecrated.^[2]
1843
- British Fort Napier [af] established.^[3]^[4]
- Natalier newspaper begins publication.^[5]
- Settlement becomes capital of the newly formed British Colony of Natal.
1846
- Natal Witness newspaper begins publication.
- Book Society founded.^[6]
1847 - Natal Independent newspaper begins publication.^[7]
1851
- Natal and East African Society and Agricultural Society founded.^[6]
- In vicinity of Pietermaritzburg, development of Edendale begins.^[8]
1856
- Pietermaritzburg incorporated.^[9]
- D. D. Buchanan becomes mayor.^[9]
- Pietermaritzburg officials issue "ordinance permitting the establishment of African locations" (i.e. racial segregation).^[10]
1862 - Prison built on Burger Street.^[11]
1868 - William Macrorie becomes bishop of Anglican diocese of Maritzburg.
1874 - Botanical Garden established.
1878 - February: Natal Society Museum opens.^[6]
1879 - Pietermaritzburg County Football Club formed.^[12]
1880 - Durban-Pietermaritzburg railway begins operating.^[2]
1885 - Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Commerce active (approximate date).^{[chronology citation needed]}^[13]
1888 - Alexandra Park established.^{[chronology citation needed]}
1893 - 7 June: Civil rights activist Gandhi removed from train in Pietermaritzburg for defying racial segregation law.^[2]
1897 - St. John's Diocesan School for Girls founded.

20th century

1901 - Town Hall rebuilt.^[1]
1904
- Electric tram begins operating.
- Natal Government Museum active.^[14]
1910
- Natal University College founded.[1]
- Pietermaritzburg becomes part of the newly formed Union of South Africa (British dominion).
1911 - Population: 30,555.^[15]
1912 - Voortrekker museum founded.[2]
1919 - Fort Napier becomes a hospital.^{[chronology citation needed]}
1920 - Pietermaritzburg Girls' High School founded.
1921 - Comrades Marathon (Durban-Pietermaritzburg) begins.
1924 - Beer hall in business on Pietermaritz Street.^[16]
1925 - Shuter & Shooter Publishers in business.
1927 - Afrikaansmediumskool (school) established.
1929 - "Native Village at Sobantu" built.^[16]
1931 - Natal Bantu Football Association formed.^[12]
1934 - Nux student newspaper begins publication.
1944 - Pietermaritzburg Italian P.O.W. Church built on Epworth Road.
1948 - Alexandra Park Street Circuit (motor race track) opens.
1951 - Dusi Canoe Marathon to Durban begins.
1953 - Roy Hesketh Circuit (motor race track) opens.
1954 - Edendale Hospital founded.
1960 - Alexandra High School for white boys opens.
1961 - Pietermaritzburg becomes part of the newly independent Republic of South Africa.
1962 - Statue of Piet Retief unveiled.
1972 - 6 April: "In the Natal Supreme Court in Pietermaritzburg, at the end of the longest trial of its kind in South Africa, thirteen defendants...are sentenced...for contravening the Terrorism Act."^[2]
1979 - Maritzburg United F.C. (football club) formed.
1981 - Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Nativity consecrated.
1985 - 5 August: Treason trial begins.^[17]
1987 - September: Flood.^[18]
1989 - Napierville prison begins operating.^[11]
1990 - March: "Seven Day War" occurs.^[2]
1991 - Population: 156,473 city; 228,549 metro.^[19]
1993
- April: Unrest.^[20]
- 6 June: Gandhi memorial unveiled.^[2]
1996 - Children in Distress Network (CINDI) organized.^[21]
2000
- Pietermaritzburg becomes part of the newly formed Msunduzi Local Municipality (which includes Edendale, Imbali, etc.).
- Hloni Glenford Zondi becomes mayor.

21st century

2001 - Population: 223,519.
2002 - Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Business formed.^[22]
2004 - University of Natal becomes University of KwaZulu-Natal.
2005 - Website Msunduzi.gov.za launched (approximate date).^[23]
2006 - Zanele Hlatshwayo becomes mayor of Msunduzi.^[24]
2010 - May: Mike Tarr becomes mayor of Msunduzi.^[25]
2011 - Chris Ndlela becomes mayor of Msunduzi.^[26]
2013 - Spring Grove Dam at Mooi River begins operating in vicinity of city.^[27]
2016 - Themba Njilo becomes mayor of Msunduzi.^[28]^[29]

References

^ ^a ^b Britannica 1910.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Sahistory.org.za". Cape Town: South African History Online. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
^ Dominy 1992.
^ Graham Dominy (2016). Last Outpost on the Zulu Frontier: Fort Napier and the British Imperial Garrison. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-09824-6.
^ Robert Russell (1899). Natal: The Land and Its Story. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
^ ^a ^b ^c "History". Natalia.org.za. Natal Society Foundation. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ Lloyd's 1906.
^ Marc Epprecht (2016). Welcome to Greater Edendale: Histories of Environment, Health, and Gender in an African City. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-9966-6.
^ ^a ^b Ingram 1898.
^ Merrett 1994.
^ ^a ^b "History of the Old Prison", News24.com, 9 December 2016, Old Pietermaritzburg Prison
^ ^a ^b John Nauright (1997). Sport, Cultures, and Identities in South Africa. Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7185-0072-6.
^ Blue Book for the Colony of Natal, Natal: P. Davis & Sons, 1885
^ Annals of the Natal Government Museum, vol. 1, London, 1906 – via HathiTrust{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "British Empire: Province of Natal". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
^ ^a ^b Whelan 2015.
^ Alan Cowell (6 August 1985), "South Africa Puts 16 Blacks on Trial in a Treason Case", New York Times
^ "Toll in Rain and Floods Hits 60 in South Africa", New York Times, 30 September 1987
^ "South Africa". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.
^ "South Africa Riots Lead to 7 Deaths; Tensions Run High", New York Times, 15 April 1993
^ "Alan Paton Centre & Struggle Archives". Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
^ "About Us". Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Business. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ "Msunduzi.gov.za". Msunduzi Municipality. Archived from the original on 30 October 2005 – via Wayback Machine.
^ "Hlatshwayo snatches mayorship from Zondi". Iol.co.za. 16 March 2006.
^ "MEC fires official for 13 charges". Iol.co.za. 21 January 2011.
^ "Tough year for Msunduzi Municipality". Iol.co.za. 23 December 2011.
^ "Look after infrastructure, says Zuma", Iol.co.za, 19 November 2013, Mooi Mngeni Water Scheme
^ "Njilo to run for mayor". News24.com. 20 June 2016.
^ "'There will be no aloof councillors'-Njilo". Maritzburgsun.co.za. 24 August 2016.

Bibliography

"Commercial Directory, Pietermaritzburg", Natal Almanac and Yearly Register: 1868, Pietermaritzburg: P. Davis & Sons, 1867 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Principal Towns in Natal: Pietermaritzburg", Natal Almanac Directory and Yearly Register, Pietermaritzburg: P. Davis & Sons, 1897 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help) + Street Directory
J. Forsyth Ingram (1898). Story of an African City. Pietermaritzburg: C. Coester. (About Pietermaritzburg, with illustrations)
C.W. Francis Harrison, ed. (1903). "City of Pietermaritzburg". Natal: An Illustrated Official Railway Guide and Handbook of General Information. London: Payne Jennings. pp. 51–63. OCLC 8287214. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Pietermaritzburg". Twentieth Century Impressions of Natal: Its People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources. Twentieth Century Impressions. Natal: Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company. 1906. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Pietermaritzburg", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Alan F. Hattersley (1938). Pietermaritzburg Panorama: A Survey of One Hundred Years of an African City. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. OCLC 652246540.
Alan F. Hattersley (1940). Portrait of a Colony: The Story of Natal. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 776806583.
Alan F. Hattersley (1951). Portrait of a City. Shuter & Shooter. OCLC 776806581. (About Pietermaritzburg)
John Laband and Robert Haswell, ed. (1988). Pietermaritzburg 1838-1988: a new portrait of an African city. Pietermaritzburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Matthew Kentridge. An Unofficial War: Inside the Conflict in Pietermaritzburg (Cape Town: David Philip 1990)
T M Wills (1991). "Pietermaritzburg". In Anthony Lemon (ed.). Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33321-0.
Graham Dominy (1992). "'An emblem of peace and security': The construction of Fort Napier and its impact on Pietermaritzburg, 1843-1848". Southern African Humanities. Council of the Natal Museum. hdl:10520/AJA16815564_343. ISSN 1681-5564.
Christopher Merrett (1994). "Sport, racism and urban policy in South Africa: Pietermaritzburg, a case study" (PDF). Sporting Traditions. 10. Australian Society for Sports History. ISSN 0813-2577 – via LA84 Foundation.
P.S. Thompson (2014). "Pietermaritzburg in the Great War: corporate patriotism and civic sacrifice" (PDF). Historia. 59. Historical Association of South Africa – via SciELO.
Debbie Whelan (2015). "eMatsheni: The central beer hall as social and municipal infrastructure in twentieth century Pietermaritzburg". Historia. 60. Historical Association of South Africa: 75–91. doi:10.17159/2309-8392/2015/v60n1a5.

External links

"Registry: (Pietermaritzburg)". Archivalplatform.org. Rondebosch. (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
"(Pietermaritzburg)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
"(Pietermaritzburg)". Digital Innovation South Africa. University of KwaZulu-Natal. OCLC 225596326. (Articles, images etc.)
Items related to Pietermaritzburg, various dates (via Europeana)
Items related to Pietermaritzburg, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-1] Britannica 1910.

[SAHO-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Sahistory.org.za". Cape Town: South African History Online. Retrieved 2 October 2017.

[FOOTNOTEDominy1992-3] Dominy 1992.

[Dominy2016-4] Graham Dominy (2016). Last Outpost on the Zulu Frontier: Fort Napier and the British Imperial Garrison. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-09824-6.

[Russell-1899-5] Robert Russell (1899). Natal: The Land and Its Story. London: J. M. Dent & Co.

[natalia-6] "History". Natalia.org.za. Natal Society Foundation. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[FOOTNOTELloyd's1906-7] Lloyd's 1906.

[Epprecht2016-8] Marc Epprecht (2016). Welcome to Greater Edendale: Histories of Environment, Health, and Gender in an African City. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-9966-6.

[FOOTNOTEIngram1898-9] Ingram 1898.

[FOOTNOTEMerrett1994-10] Merrett 1994.

[prison2016-11] "History of the Old Prison", News24.com, 9 December 2016, Old Pietermaritzburg Prison

[Nauright1997-12] John Nauright (1997). Sport, Cultures, and Identities in South Africa. Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7185-0072-6.

[13] Blue Book for the Colony of Natal, Natal: P. Davis & Sons, 1885

[14] Annals of the Natal Government Museum, vol. 1, London, 1906 – via HathiTrust{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[15] "British Empire: Province of Natal". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.

[FOOTNOTEWhelan2015-16] Whelan 2015.

[17] Alan Cowell (6 August 1985), "South Africa Puts 16 Blacks on Trial in a Treason Case", New York Times

[18] "Toll in Rain and Floods Hits 60 in South Africa", New York Times, 30 September 1987

[Europa2003-19] "South Africa". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.

[20] "South Africa Riots Lead to 7 Deaths; Tensions Run High", New York Times, 15 April 1993

[paton-21] "Alan Paton Centre & Struggle Archives". Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved 5 October 2017.

[22] "About Us". Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Business. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[23] "Msunduzi.gov.za". Msunduzi Municipality. Archived from the original on 30 October 2005 – via Wayback Machine.

[24] "Hlatshwayo snatches mayorship from Zondi". Iol.co.za. 16 March 2006.

[25] "MEC fires official for 13 charges". Iol.co.za. 21 January 2011.

[26] "Tough year for Msunduzi Municipality". Iol.co.za. 23 December 2011.

[27] "Look after infrastructure, says Zuma", Iol.co.za, 19 November 2013, Mooi Mngeni Water Scheme

[28] "Njilo to run for mayor". News24.com. 20 June 2016.

[29] "'There will be no aloof councillors'-Njilo". Maritzburgsun.co.za. 24 August 2016.

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