Mudra (music)
A mudra (IAST: Mudrā; Sanskrit for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in Indian classical music, particularly Carnatic music, that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the raga, tala, or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym.[1] Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.[2][3]
Etymology
A mudra is a pen name, nom de plume, or pseudonym adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.
List of Mudras used by Musicians
Hindustani Musicians
| Mudra | Musician | Translation | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adārang () | Firoz Khān of Delhi | 18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[4] | |
| Ālam | Ālamara Begum Khāsmahal | ||
| Ahmed-piyā | Alladiya Khan | Founder of Jaipur-Atrauli gharana. | |
| Akhtar-piyā | Wajid Ali Shah | ||
| Amar, Amar-piyā | Aman Ali Khan | ||
| Amardās, Amar-piyā | Navrang Nagpurkar | ||
| Anang-rang | Acharya Brihaspati | ||
| Bhāv-rang | Balwantrai Bhatt | ||
| Bindā | Bindadin Maharaj | ||
| Chakra-piyā | Chakradhar Singh | ||
| Chānd-piyā | Chand Khan | Delhi Gharana.[5] | |
| Chatur, Chatur Pandit | Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande | ||
| Chit-Ānand | Chidanand Nagarkar | "Elated consciousness." | Agra Gharana.[6] |
| Daras-piyā | Mehboob Khān of Agra | Agra Gharana.[7] | |
| Darpan | Yunus Hussain Khan | "Mirror." | |
| Deva-rang | Daibashish Gangopadhyay | "Divine colors and effulgence" | Musician, Composer, Music director |
| Dhyān-rang-piyā | Mani Prasad | ||
| Dil-rang | Azmat Hussain Khan | "Colors of the World." | |
| Din-rang | Dinkar Kaikini | "Colors of the Day." | |
| Gauhar, Gauharpyari | Gauharjan | ||
| Guna-piyā | Chhota Gandharva | ||
| Guni-dās | Jagganathbuwa Purohit | ||
| Guni-jan | CR Vyas | ||
| Hara-rang | Muhammad Ali Khan | ||
| Hara-rang | Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande | Musicologist. | |
| Hinga-rang | Hussain Ali Khan[8] | ||
| Ināyat | Inayat Hussain Khan | ||
| Jas | Pandit Jasraj | ||
| Jyoti-rang | Rajaram Shukla | ||
| Kharaharapriya-dās[9] | Bholanath Bhatt | ||
| Khush-rang | Aslam Hussein Khan | ||
| Krishna-dās | Master Krishnarao | ||
| Lalan-piyā | Nandalal Sharma | ||
| Lāl-rang | Chaman Lal Varma | ||
| Madhur-piyā | Founder of Sarvang Sampurn Gayki Pt.Gokulotsav Maharaj | Founder of his own unique and distinguished style and parampara of singing 'Sarvang Sampurn Gayki" | |
| Manhar | Murli Manohar Shukla | ||
| Manhar-piyā | Prem Prakash Johri | ||
| Mana-rang | Bhupat Khan | ||
| Mana-rang | Mahawat Khan of Jaipur | ||
| Manapiya | Pamalka Karunanayake of Sri Lanka | ||
| Nād-piyā | V R Athavale | "Lover of naad." | Agra Gharana. |
| Nād-rang | Sandeep Ranade | "Colors of naad." | |
| Nāth-piyā | Vilayat Khan | Sitarist. Enayet Khan's Rajput name was "Nath Singh." | |
| Prān-piyā | Vilayat Hussain Khan | Agra Gharana.[10] | |
| Pranav-rang | Omkarnath Thakur | ||
| Prem-piyā | Faiyaz Khan | ||
| Prem-rang | Sharafat Hussain Khan | ||
| Prem-dās | Latafat Hussain Khan | ||
| Prem-rang | Ratnakar Ramnathkar | ||
| Qadar-piyā | Mirza Bala Qadar of Rampur | Thumri composer.[11] | |
| Rām-dās | Zahoor Khan | Khurja Gharana.[12] | |
| Rām-rang | Ramashrey Jha | ||
| Rangile | Ramzan Khan | Agra[13] | |
| Rasa-dās | Arun Kashalkar | ||
| Rasik-rang | Ashok Ranade | Musicologist[14] | |
| Rasik-rang | Deepak Chatterjee | ||
| Rasa-piyā | Babanrao Haldankar | ||
| Razā-piya | Raza Ali Khan | Nawab.[15] | |
| Saba-rang | Bade Ghulam Ali Khan | Patiala Gharana. | |
| Sab-ras | Ghulam Maulvi Khan | Patiala Gharana. | |
| Sadā-rang () | Niyamat Khān of Delhi | Descendant of Tansen. 18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[16] | |
| Sagun-piyā | Yashpal | ||
| Sajan-piyā | Khadim Hussain Khan | ||
| Sanada-piyā | Tawakkul Husain Khan of Rampur | Thumri composer.[17] | |
| Sarasa-piyā | Kale Khan | Father of Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana. | |
| Sarasa-rang | Dayam Khan Nauhar | ||
| Shām-rang | Qayam Khan | ||
| Shok-rang, Shok | Kumar Gandharva | ||
| Shori, Shori Miyān | Miyan Ghulam Nabi Shori | ||
| Shubh-rang | Shubhada Paradkar | ||
| Shyām-rang | Jitendra Abhisheki | ||
| Subh-rang | Shankarlal Mishra | ||
| Sughar-piyā | Bhaiya Ganpatrao | ||
| Sujan-piyā | S N Ratanjankar | ||
| Sur-rang | Amir Khan | ||
| Tan-rang | Vishwanath Rao Ringe | ||
| Vyakul | Vyakul of Ayodhya | Guru of Ramashreya Jha[18] | |
| Vinod-piyā | Tasadduq Hussain Khan | Son of Kallan Khan, Agra Gharana.[18] | |
| VrajRang & GuruRang[19] | Pt.Vrajotsavji Gokulotsavji Maharaj[20] | Multifaceted vocalist of Indian Classical Music in Khayal , Dhrupad & Dhammar and Haveli Sangeet | |
| Yash-rang | Yeshwantbua Joshi |
Carnatic Musicians
| Name | Mudra | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Tallapaka Annamayya | Venkata | |
| Purandara Dasa | Purandara Vitthala | |
| Kanaka Dasa | Kaginele Adi Keshava | |
| Tyagaraja | Tyagaraja | |
| Shyama Shastri | Shyama Krishna[21] | |
| Muthuswami Dikshitar | Guruguha[2] | Guha is one of the many names of Murugan, the deity at Tirutani, the site of his first composition.[22] |
| Swati Tirunal |
|
|
| Bhadrachala Ramadas | Ramadasu | |
| Papanasam Sivan | Ramadasan | |
| Gopalakrishna Bharathi | Gopalakrishnan | |
| Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar | Harikesha | |
| Narayana Teertha | Narayana Teertha | |
| Patnam Subramania Iyer | Venkateshwara | |
| Mysore Vasudevacharya | Vasudevā | |
| Mysore V. Ramarathnam | Rāma | |
| M. D. Ramanathan | Varada dasa | |
| M. Balamuralikrishna |
|
|
| Maharajapuram Santhanam | Maharajan | |
| Koteeswara Iyer | Kavi Kunjara dasa | |
| Kshetrayya | Muvva Gopala | |
| Sadashiva Brahmendra swami | Paramahamsa | |
| Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar | Sri Vidya[23] |
References
- ^ Wade, Bonnie C. (1984). Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
- ^ a b Mudrā, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M". karnatik.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "Artist - Niyamat Khan 'Sadarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ "Raga Shree: Close Encounters".
- ^ "Short Takes: Malkauns".
- ^ Bhattacharya, Ramprapanna (31 August 2018). "My Music Diary: Pen names of Great Composers of Hindustani Music".
- ^ "The Bandish divide - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "HM Ragamalika! - rasikas.org".
- ^ "The Kanada Constellation (Part 3/3)".
- ^ Music, Classical (15 July 2012). "Classical Music: Thumri".
- ^ "Two Variants of Bihag and Thirakhwa's Tabla Solo".
- ^ "Artist - Ramzan Khan 'Rangile' (Vocal), Gharana - Agra". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ "Artist - Ashok Da Ranade (Vocal), Gharana - Gwalior". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ Akademi, Sangeet Natak (2006). Sangeet Natak (Volume 40 ed.). Sangeet Natak Akademi. p. 21.
- ^ "Artist - Firoz Khan 'Adarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ Kumar, Kuldeep (31 October 2013). "A maestro and a master". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ a b "Bhimpalasi Inc".
- ^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ Śyāma Śāstri, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical dictionary of the Tamils. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 236. ISBN 9780810864450.
- ^ "Navarathri - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Compositions - Dr. PPN". www.carnatica.net.
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