List of state leaders in 1889

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1889.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua III Asamu, Asantehene (1888–1896)
• Kingdom of Benin - Ovonramwen (1888-1897)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
• Kingdom of Dahomey –
  1. Glele (1856–1889)
  2. Béhanzin (1889–1894)
• Ethiopia -
• Futa Jallon - Almany Almadou (1873-1896)
• Kingdom of Kaffa -
• Kingdom of Kongo - Pedro V of Kongo (1859-1891)
• Liberia – Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia (1884–1892)
• Mahdist State of Sudan – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1885–1898)
• Merina Kingdom - Ranavalona III (1883-1897)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Umaru bin Ali (1881–1891)
  • Grand Vizier - Muhammadu Buhari (1886–1910)
• Wassoulou Empire – Samori Ture, Emperor (1878–1898)
• Welega Kingdom - Kumsa Moroda (1888-1897)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar – Khalifah bin Said (1888–1890)
• Oranje Vrystaat – President Francis William Reitz (1889–1896)
• Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – President Paul Kruger (1883–1902)

Asia

• Aceh Sultanate - Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1875-1903)
• Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
• China (Qing dynasty) - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kuroda Kiyotaka (1888–1889)
    2. Yamagata Aritomo (1889–1891)
• Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
• Rajpipla State - Gambhirsinhji II (1860-1897)
• Siam – Chulalongkorn (1868–1910)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Antoni Moles (1888–1897)
• Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1884–1894)
• Principality of Bulgaria
  • Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister – Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
• French Third Republic –
  • President - Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
  • President of the Council -
    1. Charles Floquet (1888–1889)
    2. Pierre Tirard (1889–1890)
• German Empire –
  • Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1889
• Kingdom of Greece
  • Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister – Charilaos Trikoupis (1886–1890)
• Kingdom of Italy
  • Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi (1887–1891)
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Aeneas Mackay (1888–1891)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch -
    1. Luís I (1861–1889)
    2. Carlos I (1889–1908)
  • President of the Council of Ministers - José Luciano de Castro (1886–1890)
• Russian Empire – Alexander III (1881–1894)
• Kingdom of Spain –
  • Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister - Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
• Kingdom of Sweden –
  • Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Gillis Bildt (1888–1889)
  2. Gustaf Åkerhielm (1889–1891)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada -
  • Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald (1878–1891)
• Costa Rica – Bernardo Soto Alfaro, President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
• Honduras -
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of México (1884–1911)
• Nicaragua -

1. Evaristo Carazo (1887-1889)
2. Nicolás Osorno (1889)
3. Roberto Sacasa (1889-1891)

• United States -
  • Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (1885–1889)
  • Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States (1889–1893)

Oceania

• Franceville – Ferdinand Chevillard, President of Franceville (1889)
• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
• Niue – Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
• Samoa – Malietoa Laupepa, Malietoa (1880–1898)
• Tonga –
  • Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
  • Prime Minister - Shirley Waldemar Baker (1880–1890)

South America

• Argentina – Miguel Juárez Celman, President of Argentina (1886–1890)
• Bolivia – Aniceto Arce, President of Bolivia (1888–1892)
• Brazil -
  • Empire of Brazil –
    • Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira, President of the cabinet of ministers (1888–1889)
      2. Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto, President of the cabinet of ministers (1889)
  • First Brazilian Republic –
    • Deodoro da Fonseca, Head of the Provisional Government (1889–1891)
• Chile – José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (1886–1891)
• Colombia – Rafael Núñez, President of Colombia (1887–1894)
  • Carlos Holguín Mallarino, acting President of Colombia (1888–1892)
• Ecuador – Antonio Flores Jijón, President of Ecuador (1888–1892)
• Paraguay – Patricio Escobar, President of Paraguay (1886–1890)
• Peru – Andrés Avelino Cáceres, President of Peru (1886–1890)
• Uruguay – Máximo Tajes, President of Uruguay (1886–1890)
• Venezuela – Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl, President of Venezuela (1888–1892)