List of Dáil by-elections
This is a list of by-elections to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. By-elections in Ireland occur to fill vacant seats which can be caused by the death, resignation, disqualification or expulsion of a sitting Teachta Dála (member of parliament). Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011, the writ for the by-election must be issued within six months of the vacancy.[1]
There have been 131 by-elections since 1923, to fill 133 vacancies. 92 of these were caused by the death of a sitting Teachta Dála (TD). There were seven by-elections during the lifetime of the 31st Dáil. There were no by-elections during the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th, 22nd, 25th and 26th Dála. The longest period without a by-election was almost 10 years between 1984 and 1994. The largest number of by-elections on one day was on 11 March 1925, when seven constituencies filled nine vacancies caused by the National Party's split from Cumann na nGaedheal. Those seven by-elections included two which filled two vacancies, via the single transferable vote. All the other by-elections have used its single-winner analogue, the alternative vote.
Twenty-three TDs who were elected at a by-election were not subsequently re-elected at a general election. The only person twice elected at by-elections was Thomas Hennessy.
First and Second Dáil
The First Dáil was established by Sinn Féin members returned in the 1918 election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Convention in the Commons was that the writ for a by-election be moved by a party colleague of the vacating member, which was impossible for the abstentionist Sinn Féin. There were three by-elections held for Westminster constituencies vacated by Unionist members during the lifetime of the First Dáil, all of whom took their seats in Westminster. The Second Dáil comprised those returned in the 1921 elections to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland and the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. There were no by-elections to either body during the lifetime of the Second Dáil.
Winner | Party | Constituency | Date | Outgoing | Party | Reason for vacancy | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background-color: Template:Irish Unionist Alliance/meta/color" | | Hugh T. Barrie | U | North Londonderry | 4 March 1919 | style="background-color: Template:Irish Unionist Alliance/meta/color" | | Hugh Anderson | U | Resignation | This was the only by-election contested by Sinn Féin, Patrick McGilligan losing.[2] |
style="background-color: Template:Independent Unionist/meta/color" | | George Hanna | Ind U | East Antrim | 27 May 1919 | style="background-color: Template:Irish Unionist Alliance/meta/color" | | Robert McCalmont | U | Appointed commander of the Irish Guards | |
style="background-color: Template:Irish Unionist Alliance/meta/color" | | William Jellett | U | University of Dublin | 28 July 1919 | style="background-color: Template:Irish Unionist Alliance/meta/color" | | Arthur Samuels | U | Appointed to the High Court of Justice in Ireland |
By-elections since 1923
By-elections in which seats changed hands are indicated with a grey background.
Vacancies not filled
When Pierce McCan died on 6 March 1919, his East Tipperary seat was left vacant at Westminster. In April 1919 a Dáil committee considering how to fill the vacancy considered allowing nomination by the Labour Party (which had stood aside in the 1918 election to avoid splitting the nationalist vote)[6] before recommending that the Sinn Féin constituency organisation should nominate.[7] However, in June 1919 the Dáil decided that "it was due to the memory of the late Pierce McCann that his place should not be filled at present".[8] Later vacancies were also left unfilled; when Diarmuid Lynch resigned his seat in 1920, Arthur Griffith said "as the letter of resignation was addressed to the people of South-East Cork, the next step in the matter lay with the South-East Cork Executive of Sinn Fein".[9] Asked in the Civil War about filling Third Dáil vacancies, W. T. Cosgrave as Chairman of the Provisional Government stated "the condition of the country scarcely warrants the holding of elections".[10]
In the first Dáil, four Sinn Féin TDs represented two separate constituencies: Éamon de Valera, Arthur Griffith, Eoin MacNeill and Liam Mellowes. Ordinarily, this would prompt them to choose one constituency to represent, and to move a writ for a by-election in the other constituency.
Dáil | Constituency | Outgoing TD | Party | Reason for vacancy | Date of vacancy | Date of next election | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Tipperary East | Pierce McCan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Death in prison | 6 March 1919 | 24 May 1921 | |
1st | Cork South East | Diarmuid Lynch
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Resignation | 6 August 1920 | 24 May 1921 | |
1st | Cork Mid | Terence MacSwiney
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Death on hunger strike | 25 October 1920 | 24 May 1921 | |
1st | North Wexford | Roger Sweetman
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Resignation | 27 January 1921[11] | 24 May 1921 | |
2nd | Waterford–Tipperary East | Frank Drohan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Resignation | 5 January 1922 | 16 June 1922 | |
2nd | Dublin County | Frank Lawless
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Death | 16 April 1922 | 16 June 1922 | |
2nd | Longford–Westmeath | Joseph McGuinness
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | |
Sinn Féin | Death | 31 May 1922 | 16 June 1922 | |
3rd | Waterford-Tipperary East | Cathal Brugha
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 7 July 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Mayo South–Roscommon South | Harry Boland
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 1 August 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Cavan | Arthur Griffith
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Death | 12 August 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West | Michael Collins
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 22 August 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Sligo–Mayo East | James Devins
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 20 September 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West | Sean Hales
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Shot during the Civil War | 7 December 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Clare | Patrick Brennan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) | Resigned | 13 December 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
3rd | Tipperary Mid, North and South | Joseph MacDonagh
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)" | |
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) | Death on hunger strike | 25 December 1922 | 27 August 1923 | |
6th | Carlow–Kilkenny | Peter de Loughry
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[12] | 23 October 1931 | 16 February 1932 | |
6th | Leix–Offaly | William Aird
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[12] | 31 October 1931 | 16 February 1932 | |
7th | Cork East | John Daly
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[13] | 23 February 1932 | 24 January 1933 | |
7th | Donegal | Frank Carney
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[14] | 19 October 1932 | 24 January 1933 | |
7th | Dublin County | Thomas Finlay
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA;" data-sort-value="Cumann na nGaedheal" | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | Death[15] | 22 November 1932 | 24 January 1933 | |
8th | Cork West | James Burke
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Death[16] | 10 September 1936 | 1 July 1937 | |
9th | Cork West | Eamon Rice
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[17] | 7 November 1937 | 17 June 1938 | |
10th | Wicklow | Séamus Moore
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[18] | 14 June 1940 | 23 June 1943 | |
10th | Cork South-East | Brook Brasier
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Death[19] | 31 August 1940 | 23 June 1943 | |
10th | Mayo North | John Munnelly
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[20] | 18 October 1941 | 23 June 1943 | |
10th | Cork Borough | Thomas Dowdall
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[21] | 7 April 1942 | 23 June 1943 | |
10th | Dublin South | Thomas Kelly
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[22] | 20 April 1942 | 23 June 1943 | |
12th | Carlow–Kildare | James Hughes
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Death[23] | 1 January 1948 | 4 February 1948 | |
12th | Sligo | Martin Roddy
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Death[23] | 8 January 1948 | 4 February 1948 | |
12th | Kilkenny | Eamonn Coogan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Death[23] | 22 January 1948 | 4 February 1948 | |
13th | Wexford | John Esmonde
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Resignation[24] | 1 May 1951 | 30 May 1951 | |
16th | Carlow–Kilkenny | Francis Humphreys
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[25] | 19 April 1961 | 4 October 1961 | |
17th | Longford–Westmeath | Michael Kennedy
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[26] | 14 February 1965 | 7 April 1965 | |
18th | Wexford | James Kennedy
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[27] | 13 September 1968 | 18 June 1969 | |
18th | Tipperary South | Don Davern
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[28] | 2 November 1968 | 18 June 1969 | |
19th | Tipperary South | Patrick Hogan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Death[29] | 5 October 1972 | 28 February 1973 | |
19th | Clare | Patrick Hillery
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Resignation on his appointment as EC Commissioner | 6 January 1973 | 28 February 1973 | |
20th | Dublin County South | Richard Burke
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Resignation on his appointment as EC Commissioner[30] | 25 January 1977 | 16 June 1977 | |
20th | Dublin South-West | Declan Costello
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Resignation on his appointment as High Court judge[31] | 19 May 1977 | 16 June 1977 | |
21st | Tipperary North | Michael O'Kennedy
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Resignation on his appointment as EC Commissioner[32] | 27 January 1981 | 11 June 1981 | |
22nd | Cavan–Monaghan | Kieran Doherty
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Anti H-Block" | |
Anti H-Block | Death on hunger strike[33] | 2 August 1981[34][35] | 18 February 1982 | |
24th | Donegal South-West | Cathal Coughlan
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Death[36] | 21 June 1986 | 17 February 1987 | |
25th | Sligo–Leitrim | Ray MacSharry
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Resignation on his appointment as EC Commissioner[37] | 25 January 1989 | 15 June 1989 | |
30th | Dublin South | George Lee
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Resignation[38] | 8 February 2010 | 25 February 2011 | |
30th | Waterford | Martin Cullen
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Resignation[39] | 24 March 2010 | 25 February 2011 | |
30th | Donegal North-East | Jim McDaid
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Resignation[40] | 2 November 2010 | 25 February 2011 | |
30th | Dublin South-Central | Seán Ardagh
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | |
Fianna Fáil | Resignation[41] | 28 January 2011 | 25 February 2011 | |
31st | Galway West | Brian Walsh
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Resignation[42] | 14 January 2016 | 26 February 2016 | |
32nd | Cork North-Central | Dara Murphy
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | |
Fine Gael | Resignation[43] | 3 December 2019 | 8 February 2020 |
Footnotes
References
- Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
- "Dáil Éireann By Elections 1923-2013". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
Notes
- ^ "Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011: Section 2, Amendment of section 39 of Electoral Act 1992". Irish Statute Book. 25 July 2001. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ Laffan, Michael (1999). The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Féin Party, 1916–1923. Cambridge University Press. p. 309. ISBN 9781139426299. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 Sep 1923
- ^ Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 3 Oct 1923
- ^ Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 12 Oct 1927
- ^ Mitchell, Arthur (1995). Revolutionary Government in Ireland: Dáil Éireann, 1919-22. Gill & MacMillan. p. 24. ISBN 9780717114818.
- ^ "East Tipperary Vacancy". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 17 June 1919. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
- ^ "Report of Select Committee on East Tipperary Vacancy". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 17 June 1919. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ "Resignation Of Deputy For South-East Cork". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 6 August 1920. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ Cosgrave, W. T. (19 September 1922). "[Questions] Vacant seats in the Dáil". Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) debates. Oireachtas. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- ^ Sweetman, R. M. (28 January 1921). "Mr. Roger Sweetman's Position". The Irish Times. p. 4. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 4 November 1931: Death of Deputies - Message of Condolence". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 9 March 1932: Death of Former Members of Dáil". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 October 1932: Death of Deputy F. Carney". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 23 November 1932: Death of Deputy Thomas A. Carney". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 4 November 1936: Death of Deputy J.M. Burke". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 10 November 1937: Death of Deputy Eamonn Rice". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 June 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 2 October 1942: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 29 October 1941: Bás an Teachta Seán ó Muinghile". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 14 April 1942: Death of Deputy T.P. Dowdall". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 21 April 1942: Death of Deputy T. Kelly". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ a b c "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 18 February 1948: Deceased Deputies". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 May 1951: Resignation of Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 20 April 1961: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 16 February 1965: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 23 October 1968: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 5 November 1968: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 25 October 1972: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 25 January 1977: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Thursday, 19 May 1977: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 25 January 1977: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 20 October 1981: Expressions of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 21 October 1981: Issue of Writ: Motion". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 26 January 1982: Issue of Writ: Cavan-Monaghan By-Election". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 24 June 1986: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 25 January 1977: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 9 February 2010: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 24 March 2010: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 2 November 2010: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 February 2011: Announcement of Business". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Thursday, 14 January 2016: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday 4 December 2019: Resignation of Member". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 9 December 2019.