Timeline of Wrocław
Appearance
Historical affiliations
Silesians until the 800s
Duchy of Poland 985–1025
Kingdom of Poland 1025–1038
Duchy of Bohemia 1038–1054
Kingdom of Poland 1054–ca. 1325
- Duchy of Silesia 1202–1335
Kingdom of Bohemia 1335–1469
Kingdom of Hungary 1469–1490
Kingdom of Bohemia 1490–1526/1742
Habsburg Monarchy 1526–1742
Kingdom of Prussia 1742–1871
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Germany 1918–1933
Nazi Germany 1933–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
Republic of Poland 1989–present
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Wrocław, Poland.
Prior to 16th century
- around 550 - At the end of the Migration Period around and in the present areas of Wrocław, the Slavic tribe of Ślężanie settled.
- 985 - Mieszko I of Poland in power.
- 1000
- Bishopric of Wrocław established.[1]
- Population: 1,000 (approximate).
- 1037 - Uprising.
- 1038 - Bohemians in power.
- 1054 - Poles in power.
- 1109 - August 24: Battle of Hundsfeld (Psie Pole), Polish victory against the invading Germans.
- ca. 1112/1118 - Wrocław named one of the three major cities of the Polish Kingdom alongside Kraków and Sandomierz in the Gesta principum Polonorum.
- 1138 - Town becomes capital of Duchy of Silesia within the fragmented Polish realm.
- around 1240 - Church of St. Vincent founded by High Duke of Poland Henry II the Pious.
- 1241
- Town besieged by Mongols during the First Mongol invasion of Poland.[2]
- Burial of Henry II the Pious, killed in the Battle of Legnica, in the Church of St. Vincent,[3] as the first Polish monarch to be buried in Wrocław.
- 1242 - Church of St. Giles built.[citation needed]
- 1257 - Church of St. Elizabeth built.[4]
- 1262 - Magdeburg rights adopted.
- 1272 - Cathedral of St. John the Baptist consecrated.
- 1273 - Piwnica Świdnicka, one of the oldest still operating restaurants in Europe, opened.[5]
- 1274 - Duke Henryk IV Probus granted Wrocław staple right.
- 1288 - Holy Cross church founded by High Duke of Poland Henryk IV Probus.[6]
- 1290 - Death and burial of Henryk IV Probus in the Holy Cross church, that was still under construction,[6] as the second Polish monarch to be buried in Wrocław.
- 1295 - Holy Cross church consecrated.[4]
- 1333 - Town Hall building expanded.
- 1335 - City annexed to Bohemia.[4]
- 1342 - Fire.
- 1344 - Fire.
- 1348 - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits the city.
- 1351 - Saints Stanislaus, Dorothy and Wenceslaus church founded.[2]
- 1362 - St. Mary Magdalene Church built.
- 1387 - City joins Hanseatic League.
- 1418 - Guild revolt.
- 1466 - Meeting of Polish diplomat Jan Długosz and the papal legate in Wrocław, which enabled peace talks between Poland and the Teutonic Order, which culminated a few months later in the signing of a peace treaty in Toruń ending the Thirteen Years' War.[7]
- 1469 - City passed to Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus.
- 1474
- Siege by combined Polish-Czech forces.[8]
- Meeting of the Polish, Czech and Hungarian kings in the village of Muchobór Wielki (present-day district of Wrocław), ceasefire signed.[8]
- City leaves the Hanseatic League.
- 1475 - Kasper Elyan founded the Drukarnia Świętokrzyska (Holy Cross Printing House), the city's first printing house, which in the same year published the Statuta synodalia episcoporum Wratislaviensium , the first ever incunable in Polish.[9]
- 1490 - City passed to Bohemia.
- 1492 - Pillory erected at the Market Square.[4]
16th–18th centuries
- 1523 - Protestant Reformation.[2]
- 1527 - City annexed to Austria.[4]
- 1530 - City coat of arms adopted.
- 1585 - Plague.
- 1666 - Polish Municipal School (Miejska Szkoła Polska) opened.
- 1670 - Miscellanea Curiosa Medico-Physica, the world's first medical journal published.
- 1672 - House of the Seven Electors built.[4]
- 1702 - Leopoldina Jesuit college founded.[10]
- 1717 - Palace built.
- 1723 - Bergstadtverlag Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn (publisher) in business.
- 1741 - Prussians in power.[10]
- 1742 - Schlesische Zeitung begins publication.[11]
- 1757 - Austrians in power, succeeded by Prussians.[10]
- 1760 - City besieged.[4]
19th century
- 1806 - December: City besieged by forces of the Confederation of the Rhine.[4]
- 1807 - Old fortifications dismantled.[2]
- 1811 - Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität established.[2]
- 1813 - Mobilization against Napoleon of France.[4]
- 1815 - Royal Museum of Art and Antiquity established.[citation needed]
- 1823 - Population: 76,813.[12]
- 1824 - Exchange built.[13]
- 1829 - White Stork Synagogue opens.
- 1833 - Horse racing in Szczytnicki Park begins.
- 1836 - Slavonic Literary Society founded.
- 1841 - Opera House opens.
- 1842 - Upper Silesian Train Station built.
- 1846 - Royal Palace building renovated.[4]
- 1854 - Jewish Theological Seminary founded.
- 1856 - Jewish Cemetery established in Gabitz.
- 1857 - Central Station opens.
- 1861
- Local Poles join Polish national mourning after the massacre of Polish protesters by Russian troops in Warsaw in February 1861.[14]
- City becomes an important center of preparations for the Polish January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland.[15]
- Orchestral Society founded.
- 1863
- 1864 - January: Arrests of several members of the Polish insurgent movement by the Prussian police.[18]
- 1865
- Zoological Garden opens.
- Theatre built.[4]
- 1871
- City becomes part of German Empire.
- New Church of St. Michael consecrated.[4]
- Opera house rebuilt.
- 1872
- New Synagogue consecrated.
- Piast Brewery in business.
- 1873 - Population: 208,025.[4]
- 1880 - Silesian Museum of Fine Arts established.[citation needed]
- 1883
- St. Mauritius Bridge constructed.
- Lutheran Theological Seminar opens.[citation needed]
- 1884 - Polish newspaper Nowiny Szląskie begins publication.
- 1886 - Viadrina (Jewish student society) formed.[citation needed]
- 1887 - "Government offices" built.[2]
- 1889 - Tumski Bridge constructed.
- 1890 - Population: 335,186.[2]
- 1892 - Monopol Hotel built.
- 1894
- Merchants Club built.[19]
- "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society established, as the first branch of the organization in Silesia.[20]
- 1896 - Kleinburg (Dworek) and Pöpelwitz (Popowice) villages become part of city.
- 1897 - Zwierzyniecki Bridge constructed.
- 1899 - Silesian Museum of Applied Arts established.[citation needed]
20th century
1900–1945
- 1903 - Flood.
- 1904
- Herdain (Gaj) and Morgentau (Rakowiec) villages become part of city.
- Barasch Brothers' Department Store opens.
- 1905
- Population: 470,751.[2]
- Wrocław water tower built.
- 1908 - Market Hall built.
- 1909 - Theatre built.
- 1910
- Grunwaldzki Bridge built.
- Technische Hochschule was founded.
- 1911 - Gräbschen (Grabiszyn) village becomes part of city.
- 1913
- Centennial Hall and Exhibition Grounds built.
- Union of Jewish Liberal Youth organized.[21]
- 1916 - Turnip winter (food rationing).
- 1919 - City becomes capital of Province of Lower Silesia.
- 1920
- May - Consulate of the Republic of Poland opened.[22]
- August - Polish consulate attacked and demolished by a German nationalist militia.[22]
- 1924 - Local branch of the Union of Poles in Germany founded.[23]
- 1926 - Palace Museum opens.
- 1927 - Polish scout troop founded.[24]
- 1929 - Workplace and House Exhibition held.
- 1930
- Wertheim Department Store opens.
- June: City hosts Deutsche Kampfspiele.
- 12 September: Hitler gives campaign speech at the Centennial Hall.
- 1932 - Conflict between Communists and Nazis.
- 1933
- January: Riots.[25]
- March: KZ Dürrgoy, one of the first Nazi concentration camps, established in the present-day district of Tarnogaj.[26]
- August: KZ Dürrgoy disestablished.[26]
- 1938
- July: Deutsches Turn- und Sportfest 1938 held.[27]
- November 9–10: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
- Airport built.
- 1939
- June: Expulsion of Polish students from the university.[24]
- August: Headquarters of several local Polish organizations, known as the Polish House, searched by the Gestapo and closed down.[24]
- September: City made the headquarters of the southern district of the Selbstschutz, led by SS-Oberführer Fritz Katzmann, which task was to commit atrocities against Poles during the German invasion of Poland.[28]
- September: Mass arrests of Polish activists, Polish organizations banned.[24]
- 1941 - Olimp (organization) formed by Polish minority.
- 1942 - AL Breslau-Lissa subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established by the Germans, its prisoners were mostly Poles, but also Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Frenchmen, Czechs, Yugoslavs.[29]
- 1943 - April 23: Polish Zagra-Lin attacks Nazi troop transport.
- 1944
- August: City declared a Nazi fortress.
- Three more subcamps of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established, for prisoners of various nationalities, including one subcamp for women.[29]
- 1945
- January: evacuation of the prisoners of the Gross-Rosen subcamps to the main camp.[29]
- February 13-May 6: Siege of Breslau.[30]
- Polish Boleslaw Drobner becomes mayor.
- Expulsion of Germans begins.
1946–1990s
- 1946
- Ossolineum relocates to Wrocław from Lviv.
- Academy of Fine Arts and Academy for the Dramatic Arts established.
- Wrocław Puppet Theater active.[19]
- 1947 - National Museum, Wrocław, and Trade College established.
- 1948 - Iglica installed.
- 1950 - Wrocław Medical University established.
- 1951
- Bieńkowice, Brochów, Jagodno, Klecina, Lamowice Stare , Miłostków/Marzanów , Muchobór Wielki, Ołtaszyn, Oporów, Sołtysowice, Wojnów, Wojszyce, Zakrzów, Zgorzelisko villages become part of city.
- Agricultural University established.
- 1956 - Pantomima established.[31]
- 1958 - Śląsk Wrocław wins its first Polish handball championship.
- 1959 - Wojewodzki Bridge constructed.
- 1963 - Wrocław hosts the EuroBasket 1963.
- 1964 - Unveiling of the monument to Polish professors from Lwów, murdered by the Germans during the occupation of Poland in 1941 (see also: Massacre of Lwów professors).[32]
- 1965
- Museum of Architecture established.
- Teatr Laboratorium active.[31]
- Śląsk Wrocław wins its first Polish basketball championship.
- 1974 - Population: 565,000.[33]
- 1975
- City becomes capital of Wrocław Voivodeship.
- Śląsk Wrocław wins its tenth Polish handball championship.
- 1977 - Śląsk Wrocław wins its first Polish football championship.
- 1980 - Gwardia Wrocław wins its first Polish volleyball championship.
- 1982 - Fighting Solidarity organization founded.
- 1985 - Raclawice Panorama re-opens.
- 1986 - Stefan Skapski becomes mayor.
- 1993
- Śląsk Wrocław wins its tenth Polish basketball championship.
- Sparta Wrocław wins its first Polish speedway championship.
- 1995 - May 10: Wrocław hosts the first Speedway Grand Prix event in history, won by Tomasz Gollob.
- 1997
- May: Visit of Pope John Paul II.[34]
- July: Millennium Flood.[35]
- 1999 - City becomes capital of Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
- 2000 - May: Wrocław hosts the 2000 European Judo Championships.
21st century
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2012) |
- 2001 - New Horizons Film Festival begins.
- 2002
- Rafal Dutkiewicz becomes mayor.
- Land Forces Military Academy established.
- 2003 - March 30: Football riot.
- 2009
- April 25: Renoma department store re-opens.
- June 4: Multimedia Fountain installed.
- September: Wrocław co-hosts the EuroBasket 2009.
- 2010
- July: Wrocław hosts the 2010 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.
- October: American Film Festival begins.
- 2011
- Redzinski Bridge and Municipal Stadium open.
- Population: 631,235.
- 2012 - City co-hosts the UEFA Euro 2012.
- 2013 - Wrocław hosts the 2013 World Weightlifting Championships.
- 2014 - Wrocław co-hosts the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship.
- 2016
- City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
- January: Wrocław co-hosts the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.
- 2017 - Wrocław hosts the 2017 World Games.
See also
- History of Wrocław
- List of mayors of Wrocław
- List of bishops of Wrocław
- Category:Timelines of cities in Poland (in Polish)
References
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ Roman Tomczak. "Gdzie jest szkielet bez głowy?". Gość Legnicki (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Baedeker 1873.
- ^ Agnieszka Vincenc. "Wrocławskie kamienice: Piwnica Świdnicka". KRN.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ a b Magdalena Lewandowska. "Kolegiata Świętego Krzyża". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Karol Górski, Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych, Instytut Zachodni, Poznań, 1949, p. LXXII (in Polish)
- ^ a b Maciej Łagiewski. "Spotkanie królów". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Hieronim Szczegóła, Kasper Elyan z Głogowa, pierwszy polski drukarz, Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra, 1968, p. 4, 6 (in Polish)
- ^ a b c Richard Brookes (1786), "Breslaw", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
- ^ 150 Jahre Schlesische Zeitung, 1742-1892 (in German), W.G. Korn, 1892, OCLC 8658059, OL 23541958M
- ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Breslau", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- ^ "Breslau", Northern Germany as far as the Bavarian and Austrian frontiers (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
- ^ Mieczysław Pater, Wrocławskie echa powstania styczniowego, "Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka", nr 4, 1963, p. 407 (in Polish)
- ^ Pater, p. 408
- ^ Pater, p. 411
- ^ Pater, p. 412
- ^ Pater, p. 414-415
- ^ a b "Historia Teatru" (in Polish). Wrocławski Teatr Lalek. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ "Rok Jubileuszowy – Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne „Sokół"". Ossolineum (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Julius H. Greenstone (1931). "Liberal Jewish Youth Association of Breslau". Jewish Quarterly Review. New Series 21.
- ^ a b Małgorzata Wieliczko. "100 lat niepodległości: Konsulat II RP we Wrocławiu skrywał tajemnice". www.wroclaw.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Mirosław Cygański, Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939 - 1945, "Przegląd Zachodni", nr 4, 1984, p. 36 (in Polish)
- ^ a b c d Cygański, p. 37
- ^ "Riots in Breslau as Corn Returns". New York Times. January 25, 1933.
- ^ a b "see article "Concentration Camps in and around Breslau 1940–1945"". Roger Moorhouse. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010.
- ^ "Nazis Hold Sport Week". New York Times. July 25, 1938.
- ^ Maria Wardzyńska, Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, IPN, Warszawa, 2009, p. 63 (in Polish)
- ^ a b c "Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen". Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Soviet Siege Army Captures Breslau; 40,000 Germans Surrender After 84-Day Struggle". New York Times. May 8, 1945.
- ^ a b Robert R. Findlay; Halina Filipowicz (1975). "The 'Other Theatre' of Wrocław: Henryk Tomaszewski and the Pantomima". Educational Theatre Journal. 27.
- ^ Rada Ochrony Pomników Walki i Męczeństwa Czesław Czubryt-Borkowski, Jerzy Michasiewicz, Przewodnik po upamiętnionych miejscach walk i męczeństwa lata wojny 1939- 1945, Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka, Warszawa, 1988, p. 798 (in Polish)
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "14 lat temu Jan Paweł II gościł we Wrocławiu". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Poles Hold Off Floodwaters in Wrocław". New York Times. July 14, 1997.
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- "Breslau", Northern Germany (5th ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1873, OCLC 5947482
- George Bradshaw (1898), "Breslau", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany, London: Adams & Sons
- "Breslau", The Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Breslau". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
- George Lerski (1996). "Wroclaw". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5.
- Piotr Wróbel (1998). "Wroclaw". Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-135-92694-6.
- Laurențiu Rădvan (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
in other languages
- "Breslau". Allgemeine Deutsche Real-Encyclopädie für die Gebildeten Stände (in German) (7th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1827.
- "Breslau". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
- Ludwig Sittenfeld (1909), Geschichte des Breslauer Theaters von 1841 bis 1900 [History of the Breslau Theatre from 1841 to 1900] (in German), Breslau: Preusz, OL 23360659M
- P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Breslau". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, ed. (1989), Breslau, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 4, ISBN 978-3891150009
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Breslau". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wrocław.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Breslau via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Wroclaw, various dates.