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1994 Asian Games

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The 1994 Asian Games (Template:Lang-ja, Senkyūhyakukyūjūyon-nen Ajia kyōgi taikai), also known as the XII Asiad and the 12th Asian Games (Template:Lang-ja), were held from October 2 to 16, 1994, in Hiroshima, Japan. The main theme of this edition was to promote peace and harmony among Asian nations. It was emphasized by the host because the venue was the site of the first atomic bomb attack 49 years earlier. Due to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was suspended from the games. The games became memorable by the debuts of former republics of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.[1][2]

There were a total number of 6,828 athletes and officials involved, from 42 countries, with a total number of 34 events. Debut sports at this edition of the Asiad were baseball, karate and modern pentathlon.[1]

Bidding process

In 1983, two cities in Asia demonstrated interest to host the 1990 Asian Games, one was Beijing in the People's Republic of China and the other was Hiroshima in Japan.The two appeared before the Olympic Council of Asia, during a meeting of the same, the following year in Seoul, that also served as a previous meeting to evaluate the preparations of the city for the next Asian Games and also for the 1988 Summer Olympics. Beijing eventually won the right to host the 1990 edition, while Hiroshima, when presenting an excellent technical level application, was ratified as the venue of the 1994 Games.[3]

34 votes were needed for selection.

1990 Asian Games bidding result
City Country Votes
Beijing  China 44
Hiroshima  Japan 23

Marketing

The emblem of the games is an abstract image of a dove, symbol of peace, which resembles the letter 'H' initial as in the host city name Hiroshima, reflecting Hiroshima's desire for peace. The OCA emblem is the symbol of Asian Games as a whole which resembles athlete in motion.[4]

Mascot

Official mascots

The official mascot of the XII Asiad is a pair of white doves. Poppo and Cuccu, male and female respectively, represent peace and harmony - the main theme of this edition of the Asian Games.[2] They were designed by well-known manga artist and character designer Susumu Matsushita.

Participating nations

National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are named according to their official IOC designations and arranged according to their official IOC country codes in 1994.[1]

Sports

Calendar

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Event finals CC Closing ceremony
October 1994 1st
Sat 		2nd
Sun 		3rd
Mon 		4th
Tue 		5th
Wed 		6th
Thu 		7th
Fri 		8th
Sat 		9th
Sun 		10th
Mon 		11th
Tue 		12th
Wed 		13th
Thu 		14th
Fri 		15th
Sat 		16th
Sun 		Gold
medals
Ceremonies OC CC
 
Aquatics Artistic swimming ● 2 2
Diving ● 2 ● 2 4
Swimming 4 5 5 5 6 6 31
Water polo ● ● ● ● 1 1
Archery ● ● 1 1 2 4
Athletics 2 4 7 3 10 9 8 43
Badminton ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● 5 7
Baseball ● ● ● ● 1 1
Basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● 1 2
Bowling 2 2 ● 2 4 ● 2 12
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 12 12
Canoeing ● ● ● ● 7 6 13
Cycling Road 1 2 3
Track ● 2 2 3 7
Equestrian 1 1 1 1 4
Fencing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2
Golf ● ● ● 4 4
Gymnastics Artistic 1 1 2 10 14
Rhythmic ● 1 1
Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Judo 4 4 4 4 16
Kabaddi ● ● 1 1
Karate 4 4 3 11
Modern pentathlon ● ● 2 2
Rowing ● ● ● 12 12
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 7
Sepak takraw ● ● ● 1 1
Shooting 4 6 4 2 4 4 6 4 34
Soft tennis ● ● 2 ● 2 4
Softball ● ● ● ● 1 1
Table tennis ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● 3 2 7
Taekwondo 4 4 8
Tennis ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● ● ● 5 7
Volleyball ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
Weightlifting 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 19
Wrestling ● 5 5 ● 5 5 20
Wushu 1 2 3 6
Total gold medals 14 16 22 28 17 23 41 35 22 17 36 32 24 10 337
October 1994 1st
Sat 		2nd
Sun 		3rd
Mon 		4th
Tue 		5th
Wed 		6th
Thu 		7th
Fri 		8th
Sat 		9th
Sun 		10th
Mon 		11th
Tue 		12th
Wed 		13th
Thu 		14th
Fri 		15th
Sat 		16th
Sun 		Gold
medals

Medal table

Main article: 1994 Asian Games medal table

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Japan, is highlighted.

  *   Host nation (Japan)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1268357266
2 Japan (JPN)*647579218
3 South Korea (KOR)635664183
4 Kazakhstan (KAZ)27252779
5 Uzbekistan (UZB)11121942
6 Iran (IRI)99826
7 Chinese Taipei (TPE)7132444
8 India (IND)431623
9 Malaysia (MAS)421319
10 Qatar (QAT)41510
11–32Remaining205891169
Totals (32 entries)3393374031,079

Doping scandal

The Chinese had 11 athletes test positive for banned drugs and anabolic steroids at the 1994 Asian Games.[5] Less than a month before the Asian Games scandal at the 1994 world championships in Rome, the Chinese had won 12 of the 16 women's swimming titles, with two of those nine world champions among those who tested positive at the Asian games.[6][7][8][9][10]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Past Asian Games – Hiroshima 1994 Asian Games". beijing2008.cn (official website of 2008 Beijing Olympics). November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  2. ^ a b "12th Asian Games Hiroshima 1994 - Poppo & CuCCu". GAGOC. gz2010.cn (official website of 2010 Asian Games). April 27, 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  3. ^ "The 11th Asian Games : Beijing, China". Hangzhou 2022 Official Website. 4 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Outline". Archived from the original on 1998-02-05. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  5. ^ "10 Drug Scandals–Chinese swim team". cbc.ca (CBC Sports Online). January 19, 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  6. ^ Parr, Derek (July 13, 2000). "Chinese World Record-Holder Tests Positive for Steroids". swimmingworldmagazine.com (Swimming World Magazine). Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  7. ^ Wolff, Alexandra (October 16, 1995). "The China Syndrome". sportsillustrated.com (Sports Illustrated). Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  8. ^ "OLYMPICS; Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. 18 December 1994. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  9. ^ "Swimming: Two-year ban for Chinese". The Independent. HighBeam Research. 13 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  10. ^ "Asian Games". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. 5 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
Preceded by Asian Games
Hiroshima
XII Asian Games (1994) 		Succeeded by
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