Cangzhou
Cangzhou | |
|---|---|
.png) Location of Cangzhou within Hebei | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 5,181 sq mi (13,419 km2) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 7,134,053 |
| • Density | 1,400/sq mi (530/km2) |
| • Urban | 514,074 |
| • Metro | 514,074 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China standard time) |
| License Plate Prefix | 冀J |
Cangzhou (simplified Chinese: 沧州; traditional Chinese: 滄州; pinyin: Cāngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Cangzhou's urban center has a population of approximately 514,074 at the 2010 census which correspond to the built up area), while the prefecture-level administrative region in total has a population of 7,134,053. It lies 180 km from Beijing, China's capital, and 90 km from the major port city of Tianjin.
Administrative divisions
Cangzhou City comprises 2 districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 autonomous county.
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| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) |
Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Yunhe District | 运河区 | Yùnhé Qū | 270,000 | 138 | 1,957 |
| 2 | Xinhua District | 新华区 | Xīnhuá Qū | 220,000 | 89 | 2,472 |
| 3 | Botou City | 泊头市 | Bótóu Shì | 550,000 | 977 | 563 |
| 4 | Renqiu City | 任丘市 | Rénqiū Shì | 770,000 | 1,023 | 753 |
| 5 | Huanghua City | 黄骅市 | Huánghuá Shì | 490,000 | 1,545 | 317 |
| 6 | Hejian City | 河间市 | Héjiān Shì | 770,000 | 1,333 | 578 |
| 7 | Cang County | 沧县 | Cāng Xiàn | 660,000 | 1,527 | 432 |
| 8 | Qing County | 青县 | Qīng Xiàn | 390,000 | 968 | 403 |
| 9 | Dongguang County | 东光县 | Dōngguāng Xiàn | 350,000 | 710 | 493 |
| 10 | Haixing County | 海兴县 | Hǎixīng Xiàn | 220,000 | 836 | 263 |
| 11 | Yanshan County | 盐山县 | Yánshān Xiàn | 400,000 | 795 | 503 |
| 12 | Suning County | 肃宁县 | Sùníng Xiàn | 330,000 | 497 | 664 |
| 13 | Nanpi County | 南皮县 | Nánpí Xiàn | 350,000 | 794 | 441 |
| 14 | Wuqiao County | 吴桥县 | Wúqiáo Xiàn | 280,000 | 603 | 464 |
| 15 | Xian County | 献县 | Xìàn Xiàn | 570,000 | 1,191 | 479 |
| 16 | Mengcun Hui Autonomous County | 孟村回族自治县 | Mèngcūn Huízú Zìzhìxiàn |
180,000 | 393 | 458 |
Economics
Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is renowned in China for its Chinese jujube fruits and Ya pears (well-known by the export name of Tianjin Ya Pear). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the modern, coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour.
Geography and transportation
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Cangzhou is located to the south of Beijing, near the coast of the Bohai Sea of the Pacific Ocean. It lies on the Jinghu (Beijing-Shanghai) railway line and the notional Jinghu Axis, a geographic and transportation corridor between Beijing and Shanghai to the south.
The Shicang Expressway connects Cangzhou to Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei province, and from thence links by road to the Jingshi Expressway leading to Beijing, part of the Jingzhu Expressway connecting all the way to southern China, Hong Kong, and Macau. Cangzhou's Huanghua Harbour is the end of a main Chinese coal shipping railway, the Shuohuang Line.
Major airports located closest to Cangzhou include Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Airport.
The Grand Canal passes directly through Cangzhou File:Modern Course of Grand Canal of China.png, and a district of Cangzhou (Yunhe District) is named after it.
Climate
Cangzhou has a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate lying right on the border between the humid continental and humid subtropical regimes (Köppen Dwa/Cwa), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly average temperatures range from −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) to 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), with an annual mean of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F).
| Climate data for Cangzhou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
26.6 (79.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.1 (61.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) |
4.2 (0.17) |
8.5 (0.33) |
19.7 (0.78) |
36.6 (1.44) |
85.1 (3.35) |
219.6 (8.65) |
139.9 (5.51) |
48.5 (1.91) |
22.4 (0.88) |
12.8 (0.50) |
4.5 (0.18) |
605.0 (23.82) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 9.5 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 63.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 57 | 54 | 52 | 50 | 54 | 61 | 77 | 77 | 68 | 64 | 62 | 60 | 61.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 188.8 | 184.5 | 229.2 | 250.7 | 274.6 | 261.5 | 219.8 | 229.3 | 235.2 | 226.6 | 186.7 | 175.8 | 2,662.7 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration [1] | |||||||||||||
History
Cangzhou is reported to have been founded in the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420-589 CE).
Culture
The city has historically been known in China for its wushu–or martial arts–and acrobatics (specifically, the Wu Qiao school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the Iron Lion of Cangzhou. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally-brewed beer and is a symbol of the city.[2]
Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of musical performing arts, Kuaiban Dagu.
The city's Hui residents have seven mosques. One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of Chinas's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.[3]
Demographics and society
Cangzhou, though predominated by the Han Chinese majority, is home to a sizable population of the Muslim Hui minority. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by Xinjiang Muslim minorities (generally ethnic Uighurs) is increasing.
Language
The dominant first language of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern Mandarin dialect continuum termed Cangzhou,[4] and is a variety of Ji Lu Mandarin. There are some similarities with the Tianjin variety and the Baoding variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou [3]. Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally intelligible among each other. Cangzhou-area topolects are partially mutually intelligible with standard Mandarin.
Municipal government
The city, like all other Chinese administrative divisions, has a party committee, the People's government, the People's Congress, and the Political consultative conference.
Military
Cangzhou is home to Cangzhou Airbase of the People's Liberation Army-Air Force
Famous residents
- Sun Yue (basketball) (1985), fifth Chinese player in the NBA
- Wang Zi-Ping (1881–1973), Chinese martial arts grandmaster
References
- ^ a b
"中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）" (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2010年6月3日.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Wagner, Donald B. "The cast iron lion of Cangzhou", Needham Research Institute newsletter, no. 10, June 1991, pp. 2-3.
- ^ WEST MOSQUE MUSEUM, CANGZHOU, HEBEI PROVINCE CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER, No. 5, March 2006. (China Heritage Project, The Australian National University. ISSN 1833-8461).
- ^ [1][2]
3. DuBois, Thomas. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.
External links
- http://www.china-military.org/units/cangzhou.htm
- Lions of Cangzhou: a Martial arts (wushu) school in Malle, Belgium
- Article about the Cangzhou Lion (in Chinese)
- "Chinese 'serial killer' arrested". BBC World Service. 15 November 2003. (Incident in Cangzhou)
- http://www.spotsoftime.com/blog/archives/cat_china.html
- http://archives.foodsafetynetwork.ca/animalnet/1999/7-1999/an-07-10-99-01.txt
Counties of Cangzhou, Hebei province, China | ||
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