Diocese of Winchester
Diocese of Winchester | |
---|---|
Location | |
Ecclesiastical province | Canterbury |
Archdeaconries | Bournemouth, Winchester |
Statistics | |
Parishes | 306 |
Churches | 410 |
Information | |
Cathedral | Winchester Cathedral |
Current leadership | |
Bishop | Tim Dakin, Bishop of Winchester |
Suffragans | Jonathan Frost, Bishop of Southampton David Williams, Bishop of Basingstoke[1] |
Archdeacons | Peter Rouch, Archdeacon of Bournemouth Paul Moore, Archdeacon for Mission Development Richard Brand, Archdeacon of Winchester |
Website | |
winchester.anglican.org |
The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury of the Church of England. Founded in 676, it is one of the oldest and largest of the dioceses in England.
Territory
The area of the diocese incorporates the majority of the county of Hampshire, including the city of Southampton, with the following exceptions:
- the south-eastern quarter of the county (which together with the Isle of Wight constitutes the Diocese of Portsmouth)
- an area in the north-east (belonging to the Diocese of Guildford)
- a small area in the west (Diocese of Salisbury)
- one parish in the north (Diocese of Oxford)
Outside Hampshire, the diocese includes an area of eastern Dorset as well as the Channel Islands.
The diocese historically covered a much larger area, including the greater part of south-eastern England. In the most recent major boundary changes in 1927, the Archdeaconry of Surrey was removed to form the new Diocese of Guildford, and south-eastern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight were removed to form the Diocese of Portsmouth.
The Bishop of Winchester is ex officio a Lord Spiritual of the Westminster Parliament, one of only five prelates of the Church of England with such automatic entitlement. The bishop is also Prelate of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, that office having been held by every Bishop of Winchester since the Order was created.
Bishops
The Bishop of Winchester (Tim Dakin) heads the diocese and is assisted by two suffragan bishops, the Bishops of Southampton (Jonathan Frost) and of Bakingstoke (David Williams), who are informally responsible for the north and south of the diocese respectively (roughly corresponding to the archdeaconries of Winchester and Bournemouth).[2] From 1895 until the suffragan See of Basingstoke was created in 1973, the Bishop of Southampton was the suffragan bishop for the whole diocese.
Other bishops living in the diocese are licensed as honorary assistant bishops:
- 1999–present: John Dennis, retired Bishop of St Edmundsbury & Ipswich and former Bishop suffragan of Knaresborough, lives in Winchester.[3]
- 2008–present: John Ellison, former Bishop of Paraguay, lives in Whitchurch.[4]
- 2009–present: Christopher Herbert, retired diocesan Bishop of St Albans, lives outside the diocese, in Wrecclesham, Surrey.[5]
- 2012–present: Timothy Bavin, Oblate Master at Alton Abbey, is a retired Bishop of Portsmouth who is licensed as an honorary assistant bishop in both Winchester (in which diocese the abbey lies) and Portsmouth dioceses.[6]
Alternative episcopal oversight for parishes in the diocese which do not accept the sacramental ministry of women priests is provided by the provincial episcopal visitor, Norman Banks, suffragan Bishop of Richborough, who is licensed as an honorary assistant bishop for ministry in the diocese.
History
The Diocese of Winchester is one of the oldest and most important in England. Originally it was the see of the kingdom of Wessex (as such it is sometimes called the "Diocese of Wessex"), with the cathedra at Dorchester Cathedral under Saints Birinus (a Roman missionary and the Abbey's founder) and Agilbert. This Wessex diocese covered most of Hampshire, Berkshire, parts of Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. It was transferred to Winchester in AD 660: the episcopal cathedral see was, at some point, at Old Minster, Winchester. Around 704, the diocese was split into the diocese of Winchester and the diocese of Sherborne.[7] During the Middle Ages, it was one of the wealthiest English sees and its bishops included a number of politically prominent Englishmen, notably the 9th century Saint Swithun and medieval magnates including William of Wykeham and Henry of Blois.
Winchester was divided in AD 909, with Wiltshire and Berkshire transferring to the new See of Ramsbury. Nevertheless, the domains of the Bishop of Winchester ran from the South Coast to the south bank of the River Thames at Southwark, where the Bishop had one of his palaces, making it one of the largest as well as one of the richest sees in the land. In more modern times,[when?] the former extent of the diocese of Winchester was reduced by the formation of a new diocese of Southwark in south London, a new diocese of Guildford in Surrey and a new diocese of Portsmouth in Hampshire.
The Channel Islands were transferred from the Diocese of Coutances in Normandy, France, in 1500 by Papal Bull. The transfer was later confirmed by a letter from Elizabeth I and an Order in Council dated 11 March 1569 which "perpetually united" the Islands with the Diocese of Winchester and constituted the Bishop of Winchester Ordinary of them.[8] The Islands operated their own Canon Law under the Bishop of Winchester. The Channel Islands were removed from the oversight of the Bishop of Winchester in 2014 after a dispute with Tim Dakin led to a breakdown in relations, with the Channel Islands now being overseen by the Bishop of Dover, Trevor Willmott.[9] However, this measure is expressly an interim one and there is no certainty of its becoming permanent. There has effectively been a scheme of episcopal delegation, the Bishop of Winchester having delegated his episcopal authority in the Channel Islands to the Archbishop of Canterbury who, in turn, has appointed the Bishop of Dover to exercise episcopal pastoral powers in the Channel Islands. The Bishop of Dover was formerly the Bishop of Basingstoke and, in that capacity, already familiar with the church in the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands remain part of the Diocese of Winchester and have not transferred to or been incorporated in another Diocese.[10]
During the 19th century, the bishop[who?] licensed[clarification needed] many prostitutes who were known as the "Winchester Geese"[11] and maintained a cemetery for them.[12]
Archdeaconies and deaneries
Diocese | Archdeaconries | Rural Deaneries | Paid clergy | Churches | Population | People/clergy | People/church | Churches/clergy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diocese of Winchester | Archdeaconry of Winchester | Deanery of Alresford | 6 | 27 | 14,503 | 2,417 | 537 | 4.5 |
Deanery of Alton | 7 | 22 | 32,066 | 4,581 | 1,458 | 3.14 | ||
Deanery of Andover | 9 | 34 | 63,636 | 7,071 | 1,872 | 3.78 | ||
Deanery of Basingstoke | 15 | 26 | 130,393 | 8,693 | 5,015 | 1.73 | ||
Deanery of Odiham | 11 | 28 | 54,655 | 4,969 | 1,952 | 2.55 | ||
Deanery of Whitchurch | 5 | 24 | 25,450 | 5,090 | 1,060 | 4.8 | ||
Deanery of Winchester | 17* | 34* | 67,611 | 3,977 | 1,989 | 2 | ||
Archdeaconry of Bournemouth | Deanery of Bournemouth | 17 | 26 | 149,595 | 8,800 | 5,754 | 1.53 | |
Deanery of Christchurch | 10 | 28 | 111,649 | 11,165 | 3,981 | 2.8 | ||
Deanery of Eastleigh | 15 | 20 | 146,229 | 9,749 | 7,311 | 1.33 | ||
Deanery of Lyndhurst | 17 | 35 | 117,144 | 6,891 | 3,347 | 2.06 | ||
Deanery of Romsey | 7 | 28 | 44,962 | 6,423 | 1,606 | 4 | ||
Deanery of Southampton | 22 | 23 | 219,365 | 9,971 | 9,538 | 1.05 | ||
None? | Deanery of Jersey | 19 | 25 | 97,857 | 5,150 | 3,914 | 1.32 | |
Deanery of Guernsey | 10 | 18 | 65,849 | 6,585 | 3,658 | 1.8 | ||
Total/average | 187 | 398 | 1,340,964 | 7,171 | 3,369 | 2.13 |
*including Cathedral
Additionally, it was announced on 6 April 2014 that Paul Moore had been appointed to the new role of "Archdeacon for Mission Development"; Moore has no geographical archdeaconry but instead leads the diocese in developing its mission.[13]
Churches
Not in a deanery
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cathedra | [1] |
|
166 |
Deanery of Alresford
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arle Valley Benefice |
|
[2] |
|
6,573 |
Bishop's Sutton (St Nicholas) & Ropley & West Tisted |
|
[3] |
|
2,224 |
Farleigh, Candovers and Wield |
|
[4] |
|
2,579 |
Itchen Valley |
|
[5] |
|
1,341 |
Upper Itchen |
|
[6] |
|
1,786 |
Deanery of Alton
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alton Resurrection (All Saints) (St Lawrence) |
|
[7] |
|
18,645 |
Bentley (St Mary), Binsted and Froyle |
|
[8] |
|
2,812 |
Bentworth (St Mary), Lasham, Medstead & Shalden |
|
|
2,080 | |
|
[9] | |||
Four Marks (Good Shepherd) |
|
[10] |
|
4,803 |
Northanger Benefice |
|
|
3,726 |
Deanery of Andover
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abbotts Ann (St Mary) & Upper Clatford & Goodworth Clatford |
|
|
3,730 | |
|
[11] | |||
Andover (St Mary) |
|
[12] |
|
14,313 |
Appleshaw (St Peter) Kimpton, Thruxton etc |
|
|
3,427 | |
Downs Benefice |
|
[13] |
|
4,372 |
Knight's Enham |
|
[14] |
|
11,110 |
Hurstbourne Tarrant (St Peter) and Faccombe etc |
|
[15] |
|
9,560 |
Pastrow |
|
| ||
Portway and Danebury Benefice |
|
[16] |
|
17,124 |
|
[17] | |||
|
Deanery of Basingstoke
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basing, Old (St Mary) and Lychpit |
|
[18] |
|
7,369 |
Basingstoke (All Saints) (St Michael) |
|
[19] |
|
44,920 |
Baughurst (St Stephen) and Ramsdell and Wolverton etc |
|
[20] |
|
1,858 |
Chineham (Christ Church) |
|
[21] |
|
7,992 |
Eastrop (St Mary) |
|
[22] |
|
2,182 |
Hatch Warren and Beggarwood (Immanuel) |
|
[23] |
|
10,401 |
Kempshott (St Mark) |
|
[24] |
|
6,128 |
Oakley (St Leonard) with Wootton St Lawrence |
|
[25] |
|
5,341 |
Popley with Limes Park and Rooksdown (St Gabriel) |
|
[26] |
|
12,460 |
The Sherbornes (St Andrew) (Vyne Chapel) with Pamber |
|
[27] |
|
4,316 |
Tadley with Pamber Heath and Silchester |
|
[28] |
|
15,548 |
|
[29] | |||
|
[30] | |||
Winklebury (Good Shepherd) and Worting |
|
[31] |
|
11,878 |
Deanery of Odiham
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Darby Green (St Barnabas) and Eversley |
|
[32] |
|
8,487 |
|
[33] | |||
Hartley Wintney (St John the Evangelist), Elvetham etc |
|
[34] |
|
5,899 |
|
[35] | |||
|
[36] | |||
North Hampshire Downs Benefice | [39] |
|
9,421 | |
Sherfield-On-Loddon (St Leonard) & Stratfield Saye etc |
|
[40] |
|
7,904 |
|
[41] | |||
|
||||
Whitewater Benefice |
|
[42] |
|
9,221 |
Yateley (St Peter) |
|
[43] |
|
13,723 |
Deanery of Whitchurch
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Burghclere (Ascension) (All Saints) with Newtown etc |
|
[44] |
|
2,550 |
|
||||
Hurstbourne Priors (St Andrew), Longparish etc |
|
[45] |
|
2,395 |
|
||||
Kingsclere (St Mary) and Ashford Hill with Headley |
|
[46] |
|
4,846 |
North West Hampshire Benefice |
|
[47] |
|
4,752 |
Overton (St Mary) with Laverstoke and Freefolk | [48] |
|
5,979 | |
|
[49] | |||
Waltham, North (St Michael) and Steventon, Ashe and Deane |
|
[50] | ||
Whitchurch (All Hallows) with Tufton and Litchfield |
|
[51] |
|
4,928 |
Deanery of Winchester
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Compton (All Saints), Hursley, and Otterbourne |
|
[52] |
|
4,840 |
Lower Dever |
|
[53] |
|
3,247 |
|
||||
Upper Dever |
|
[54] |
|
8,429 |
|
||||
Headbourne Worthy (St Swithun) |
|
[55] | ||
King's Worthy (St Mary) (St Mary's Chapel) |
| |||
Stanmore (St Luke) |
|
[56] |
|
10,424 |
Twyford (St Mary) and Owslebury and Morestead etc |
|
[57] |
|
6,434 |
Winchester (Christ Church) | [58] |
|
4,106 | |
Winchester (Holy Trinity) | [59] |
|
2,337 | |
Winchester (St Barnabas) |
|
[60] |
|
6,688 |
Winchester (St Bartholomew) (St Lawrence) (St Swithun) | [61] |
|
6,322 | |
Winchester (St Cross Hospital with St Faith) |
|
[62] |
|
1,949 |
Winchester St Matthew (St Paul's Mission Church) |
|
[63] |
|
5,752 |
Winchester, East (All Saints), Including Chilcomb |
|
[64] |
|
6,917 |
Deanery of Bournemouth
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boscombe (St Andrew) |
|
[65] |
|
6,367 |
Boscombe (St John the Evangelist) |
|
[66] |
|
8,511 |
Bournemouth (Holy Epiphany) |
|
[67] |
|
6,618 |
Bournemouth (St Ambrose) |
|
|
6,408 | |
Bournemouth (St Andrew) Bennett Road |
|
[68] |
|
10,060 |
Bournemouth Town Centre with St Swithun and Holy Trinity |
|
[70] |
|
12,544 |
|
[72] |
| ||
Bournemouth (St Clement) (St Swithun) |
|
8,509 | ||
Bournemouth (St Francis) |
|
[73] |
|
7,001 |
Bournemouth (St John) (St Michael and All Angels) |
|
[74] |
|
9,003 |
Holdenhurst (St John the Evangelist) and Iford |
|
[75] |
|
18,477 |
|
[76] | |||
Southbourne (St Christopher) |
|
[77] | ||
Pokesdown (All Saints) |
|
[78] |
|
9,350 |
Pokesdown (St James) |
|
[79] |
|
7,077 |
Southbourne (St Katharine) (St Nicholas) |
|
[80] |
|
7,606 |
Throop (St Paul) |
|
[81] |
|
5,432 |
Westbourne (Christ Church) Chapel |
|
[82] |
|
N/A |
Winton (St Alban), Moordown and Charminster |
|
[83] |
|
26,632 |
Deanery of Christchurch
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bransgore (St Mary the Virgin) and Hinton Admiral |
|
[84] |
|
4,372 |
Burley Ville (St John the Baptist) |
|
[85] |
|
1,760 |
Burton (St Luke) and Sopley |
|
[86] |
|
4,986 |
Christchurch (Holy Trinity) |
|
[87] |
|
18,114 |
Highcliffe (St Mark) |
|
[88] |
|
12,597 |
Milton (St Mary Magdalene) |
|
[89] |
|
25,798 |
Mudeford (All Saints) |
|
[90] |
|
12,390 |
Avon Valley Partnership |
|
[92] |
|
8,527 |
|
22,925 | |||
Ringwood & Ellingham & Harbridge & St Leonards & St Ives |
|
[93] |
| |
|
[94] |
Deanery of Eastleigh
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bishopstoke (St Mary) (St Paul) |
|
[95] |
|
11,548 |
Boyatt Wood (St Peter) |
|
[96] |
|
8,479 |
Bursledon (St Leonard) |
|
[97] |
|
6,734 |
Chandler's Ford (St Boniface) (St Martin in the Wood) |
|
[98] |
|
23,137 |
Eastleigh (All Saints) |
|
[99] |
|
16,547 |
Fair Oak (St Thomas) |
|
[100] |
|
8,639 |
Hamble Le Rice (St Andrew) |
|
[101] |
|
4,692 |
Hedge End (St John the Evangelist) |
|
[102] |
|
12,916 |
Hedge End (St Luke) |
|
[103] |
|
9,051 |
Hound (St Edward the Confessor) (St Mary the Virgin) |
|
[104] |
|
6,371 |
North Stoneham (St Nicholas) (All Saints) and Bassett |
|
[105] |
|
12,887 |
Valley Park (St Francis) |
|
[106] |
|
8,455 |
West End (St James) |
|
[107] |
|
16,773 |
Deanery of Lyndhurst
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beaulieu and Exbury and East Boldre |
|
[108] |
|
1,801 |
Boldre (St John the Baptist) with South Baddesley |
|
[109] |
|
5,355 |
Brockenhurst (St Nicholas) (St Saviour) |
|
[110] | ||
Colbury (Christ Church) |
|
[111] |
|
2,227 |
Dibden (All Saints) |
|
[112] |
|
13,101 |
Fawley (All Saints) |
|
[113] |
|
14,310 |
Hordle (All Saints) |
|
[114] |
|
4,652 |
Hythe (St John the Baptist) |
|
[115] |
|
7,425 |
Lymington (St Thomas the Apostle) (All Saints) |
|
[116] |
|
9,238 |
Lyndhurst (St Michael) and Emery Down and Minstead |
|
[117] |
|
3,928 |
Marchwood (St John) |
|
[118] |
|
6,185 |
Milford-On-Sea (All Saints) |
|
[119] |
|
6,088 |
Pennington (St Mark) |
|
[120] |
|
6,127 |
Sway (St Luke) |
|
[121] |
|
3,065 |
Totton | [125] |
|
33,642 | |
Copythorne (St Mary) |
|
[126] |
Deanery of Romsey
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ampfield (St Mark), Chilworth and N Baddesley |
|
[127] |
|
8,870 |
Broughton (St Mary) w Bossington & Houghton & Mottisfont |
|
|
1,877 | |
Lockerley (St John) & East Dean w East & West Tytherley |
|
|
1,781 | |
Michelmersh (Our Lady) and Awbridge and Braishfield etc |
|
|
2,370 | |
Nursling (St Boniface) and Rownhams |
|
[128] |
|
5,218 |
Romsey (St Mary and St Ethelflaeda) |
|
[129] |
|
17,978 |
Test Valley Benefice |
|
|
2,885 | |
Wellow, East with West (St Margaret) and Sherfield English |
|
[130] |
|
3,983 |
|
Deanery of Southampton
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy | Population served |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bitterne (Holy Saviour) |
|
[131] |
|
9,815 |
Bitterne Park (All Hallows) (Ascension) |
|
[132] |
|
15,115 |
Freemantle (Christ Church) | [133] |
|
9,376 | |
Maybush (St Peter) and Southampton St Jude |
|
[134] |
|
26,036 |
Millbrook (Holy Trinity) |
|
[135] |
|
4,840 |
Portswood (Christ Church) |
|
[136] |
|
14,557 |
Portswood (St Denys) |
|
[137] | ||
Shirley (St James) (St John) |
|
[138] |
|
17,326 |
Sholing (St Francis of Assisi) (St Mary) |
|
[139] |
|
19,679 |
Southampton (St Barnabas) |
|
[140] |
|
5,032 |
Southampton (St Mark) |
|
[141] |
|
11,087 |
Southampton (St Mary Extra) | [142] |
|
13,248 | |
Woolston (St Mark) |
|
|||
Southampton City Centre (St Mary) (St Michael) |
|
[143] |
|
27,985 |
Southampton Lord's Hill and Lord's Wood |
|
[144] |
|
11,349 |
Southampton Thornhill (St Christopher) |
|
[145] |
|
10,127 |
Swaythling (St Mary) (St Alban the Martyr) |
|
[146] |
|
14,998 |
Weston (Holy Trinity) |
|
[147] |
|
8,795 |
Deanery of Jersey
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy |
---|---|---|---|
Jersey (All Saints) |
|
| |
Jersey (St Simon) |
|
||
Jersey (Holy Trinity) |
|
[148] |
|
Jersey (St Andrew) |
|
[149] |
|
Jersey (St Brelade) (Communicare Chapel) (St Aubin) | [150] |
| |
Jersey (St Clement) |
|
[151] |
|
Jersey (St Helier) | [152] |
| |
Jersey (St John) |
|
| |
Jersey (St Lawrence) |
|
| |
Jersey Millbrook (St Matthew) | [153] | ||
Jersey (St Luke) St James |
|
[154] |
|
Jersey (St Mark) |
|
[155] |
|
Jersey (St Martin) |
|
| |
Jersey (St Mary) |
|
[156] |
|
Jersey (St Ouen) (St George) |
|
[157] |
|
Jersey (St Paul) Proprietary Chapel |
|
[158] |
|
Jersey (St Peter) |
|
[159] |
|
Jersey (St Saviour) |
|
| |
Jersey De Grouville (St Martin) (St Peter La Roque) | [160] |
| |
Jersey Gouray (St Martin) |
|
|
Deanery of Guernsey
Benefice | Churches | Link | Clergy |
---|---|---|---|
Alderney (St Anne) |
|
| |
Guernsey (Holy Trinity) |
|
[161] |
|
Guernsey (St André De La Pommeraye) | [162] |
| |
Sark (St Peter) |
|
[163] | |
Guernsey (St Peter Port) | [164] |
| |
Guernsey (St John the Evangelist) |
|
[165] | |
Guernsey (St Marguerite De La Foret) |
|
| |
Guernsey (St Martin) | [166] | ||
Guernsey (Ste Marie Du Castel) |
|
[167] |
|
Guernsey (St Matthew) Cobo |
| ||
Guernsey (St Michel Du Valle) | [168] |
| |
Guernsey (St Philippe De Torteval) |
|
| |
Guernsey (St Saviour) (Chapel of St Apolline) |
|
[169] | |
Guernsey (St Pierre Du Bois) |
|
| |
Guernsey (St Sampson) |
|
[170] |
|
Guernsey (St Stephen) |
|
[171] |
|
See also
References
- ^ Diocese of Winchester – A new Bishop for Basingstoke (Accessed 26 June 2014)
- ^ Russell, Tara (30 July 2010). "Revd Canon Jonathan Frost will be Southampton's new Bishop". Southern Daily Echo. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
- ^ Dennis. "Dennis, John". Who's Who. Vol. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Unknown parameter|accessed=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|othernames=
ignored (help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) - ^ Ellison. "Ellison, John Alexander". Who's Who. Vol. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Unknown parameter|accessed=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|othernames=
ignored (help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) - ^ "Christopher William Herbert". Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
- ^ Bavin. "Bavin, Timothy John". Who's Who. Vol. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Unknown parameter|accessed=
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ignored (help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) - ^ "List of the Bishops of Winchester". britannia.com. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
- ^ D. M. Ogier, The Government and Law of Guernsey, p. 21
- ^ "Channel Island church in Winchester split". BBC News - Jersey. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
- ^ "Pastoral letter from Bishop Tim Dakin". Diocese of Winchester. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
- ^ Another meaning of "winchester goose" is a bubo or a person infected therewith (mid 16th-17th century); at that time the brothels of Southwark were within the jurisdiction of the bishops of Winchester: Eric Partridge A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English; 5th ed., 1961; p. 959
- ^ Constable, John. The Southwark Mysteries. Oberon Books, 1999, pp. 9, 264-5, 291, 304-5, 338-9.
- ^ "New Archdeacon for Diocese to Focus on Mission". Diocese of Winchester. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2016.