Elstree Studios
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (March 2012) |
Elstree Studios | |
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![]() Elstree Studios at Shenley Road, Borehamwood | |
General information | |
Type | Film and television studios |
Country | United Kingdom |
Website | |
Official website for the Shenley Rd facility |
Elstree Studios is a generic term which can refer to several current and defunct British film studios and television studios based in or around the towns of Borehamwood and Elstree in Hertfordshire. Studios have been located here since film production began in the area during 1914.
While some facilities have been built and demolished since then, two sites remain in use in Borehamwood; Elstree Studios on Shenley Road and the BBC Elstree Centre on Clarendon Road.
History and facilities
Despite being called "Elstree Studios", only one studio has ever been located in Elstree itself, the remainder residing in the adjacent town of Borehamwood. When the studios were being established, Elstree was significantly larger than Borehamwood. Nowadays, Borehamwood is the larger, but the old names have remained in use.
The civil parish that contains the town was called "Elstree". The local railway station was originally known as "Elstree"[1] (nowadays, it is called "Elstree & Borehamwood"). The local telephone exchange was also called "Elstree".
Clarendon Road Studios, Borehamwood
The Neptune Film Company opened the first studios in Borehamwood in 1914. Production ceased during 1917 and the studio was sold to the Ideal Film Company who used the site up until 1924.
During 1928, the studio was sold to Ludwig Blattner who connected it to the electricity mains and introduced a German system of sound recording. The Blattner Studio was leased to Joe Rock Productions during 1934 and two years later it purchased the site. Rock Productions built four new large stages. The site was again sold, and taken over by the British National Films Company between 1939 and 1948, although during this period a large portion of the studio was taken over by the British government for war work.
During 1953, the studios were bought by Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., mainly for television production and were later sold to Lew Grade's Associated Television (ATV). The Clarendon Road centre became the main television production hub for ATV. The smaller Studios A and B were used for schools and sitcoms, while Studio C was a drama studio. Studio D, with permanent audience seating, was used for light entertainment programmes[2] such as the ATV Morecambe and Wise series (Two of a Kind, 1961–68) and The Muppet Show (1976–81).[3]
When ATV was restructured as Central Independent Television in 1982, one of the conditions of their licence renewal by the governing body of the ITV network, the Independent Broadcasting Authority, was that ATV should leave any London-centric facilities and become more focused on the Midlands, the part of the United Kingdom that they broadcast ITV programmes to. They remained in operation by Central up until July 1983. The BBC bought the Elstree site in 1984 to produce their new soap opera EastEnders (first aired on 19 February 1985). In addition to EastEnders, many other programmes have been made there including Top of the Pops, 'Allo 'Allo!, You Rang, M'Lord?, Grange Hill, Hangar 17 and Holby City.
Elstree Studios, Shenley Rd, Borehamwood
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elstree_Studios_-_Entrance_Area.jpg/220px-Elstree_Studios_-_Entrance_Area.jpg)
British National Pictures Ltd. purchased 40 acres (16 ha) of land on the south side of Shenley Road and began construction of two large film stages in 1925. The first film produced there was Madame Pompadour (1927). The company was renamed British International Pictures (BIP) and a second stage was ready for production in 1928.
Alfred Hitchcock made Blackmail (1929), the first British talkie at the studios in 1929. At the end of the silent-film era, six new sound stages were built; three of these were sold to the British & Dominions Film Corporation. BIP became Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC) in 1933.[4] During World War II, the studios were used by the War Office for storage.[5]
In 1946, Warner Brothers acquired a substantial interest in ABPC, appointed a new board and decided to rebuild the stages. In 1969, EMI gained control of ABPC and the studios were renamed EMI-Elstree Studios.[6] In 1969, Bryan Forbes was appointed head of production of the film studio (see EMI Films). His tenure was short-lived and marked by financial problems, brought about by deliberately withheld funding and failed projects. Forbes resigned in 1971.[7][8] During the period 1970–73, when EMI had a short-lived production and distribution deal with the American Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio, the facilities were known as the EMI-MGM Elstree Studios.[6]
In 1974, Andrew Mitchell took over from Ian Scott as managing director of the studios but was almost immediately told to close the facility and lay off all the staff. This was halted, but only with significant job cuts and closure of some facilities. The studio's immediate survival was secured through the facilities being used for Star Wars (1977). This led to subsequent Lucas productions such as the Star Wars sequels and Indiana Jones franchise being made at Elstree and also brought in directors Steven Spielberg and Jim Henson. In 1979, Thorn Electrical Industries merged with EMI after EMI's debacle with its invention of the Cat Scanner and the studios were renamed Thorn-EMI Elstree Studios.[6]
The studios were put up for sale in 1985. Eventually another buyer sold most of the backlot and several facilities were demolished to build a Tesco superstore. A "Save Our Studios" campaign led to the site being purchased by Hertsmere Borough Council in February 1996 and management company, Elstree Film & Television Studios Ltd was appointed to run the studios in 2000.
![Sound stages at Elstree Studios.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elstree_Studios_Block.jpg/220px-Elstree_Studios_Block.jpg)
The studios at Shenley Road are used for both film and television production, and the studios are the temporary home of BBC Studios and Post Production during the redevelopment of Television Centre.[9] Shows such as Strictly Come Dancing and Pointless are recorded there.[10]
Station Road Studios, Borehamwood
A single large stage was built in Station Road in 1928 by Whitehall Films Ltd but the company was wound up in 1930. In 1935, Julius Hagen, the owner of Twickenham Studios, bought the site and formed a new company JH Studios.
Financial difficulties forced Hagen to sell the studios to MP Productions in 1937.
During World War II, the studio was used by the government for storage.
In 1950, the site was bought by J. Arthur Rank who renamed it Gate Studios and made religious films.
Production ceased in 1957 and the site was sold to Andrew Harkness, a manufacturer of cinema screens. Harkness Screens moved out of the site in 2004 having established a global manufacturing base in France and the USA and relocated its UK operation to a new production facility in Stevenage. The building in Borehamwood was demolished in 2006 to make way for apartments new properties, with the development being named Gate Studios in an homage to the former site.
British and Dominion Studios, Borehamwood
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/1936-elstree-film-studio-fire.jpg/220px-1936-elstree-film-studio-fire.jpg)
In 1930, British and Dominion bought three new sound stages from British International Pictures Ltd on the adjoining site before their construction was completed. Alexander Korda made one of his greatest successes at the studio, The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933), which starred Charles Laughton as the King. The film's success in the United States and elsewhere persuaded United Artists and The Prudential to invest in Korda's proposed Denham Film Studios.[11]
Film production continued until 1936 when fire destroyed the three stages.[12] British and Dominion made substantial investment in Pinewood Studios and moved production to Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire. The support buildings that remained after the fire were sold off to various companies including Frank Landsdown Ltd, which opened a film vault service. The music stage was bought by the Rank Organisation for the production of documentary films. It later became the headquarters of the film and sound-effect libraries.
MGM British, Borehamwood
Amalgamated Studios Ltd constructed a large studio on the north side of Elstree Way between 1935 and 1937, but their plans collapsed and the facility was soon sold to Rank who never used it for making films. After a brief period owned by the Prudential, the studios were purchased by the American film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in 1944[13] and was renamed MGM-British Studios.[6] After improvements the studio contained seven stages totalling over 70,000 square feet (7,000 m2) of floor space. MGM sometimes leased the studios to other film companies including the 20th Century Fox produced The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958), for which a large set of a Chinese town, complete with artificial lakes, covering some 500,000 square feet was constructed.[14]
Several stages were taken up with the sets for 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) over its extended production schedule, and indeed Stanley Kubrick's film is sometimes blamed for making the studios financially unviable. The facility continued to be used until 1970 when MGM closed the studios. The American company formed a short-lived deal with EMI, while the site of their former studios was redeveloped for industrial use and housing.
Danziger Studios, Elstree
In 1956 the Danziger brothers converted a wartime plane engine testing factory into a studio they called New Elstree,[15] which was located to the west of the Aldenham reservoir. It was used mainly for television production and second features, but was closed by 1962 and sold in 1965.[15]
Millennium Studios, Elstree Way, Borehamwood
Established in 1993, the Millennium Studios on the south side of Elstree Way offered television and film production space together with associated services. Millennium Studios have now relocated to Thurleigh near Bedford.[16]
Selected film and television shows made at Elstree Studios
Elstree Studios, Shenley Road
Music videos
- "'Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen (1975)
- "Your're My Best Friend" by Queen (1976)
- "Princes Of The Universe" by Queen (1986)
- "I Want It All" by Queen (1989)
- "The Miracle" by Queen (1989)
- "Love Will Prevail" by Maher Zain (2013)
Films
- Blackmail (1929)
- Breaking and Entering (2006)
- Closer (2004)
- Comes A Bright Day (2011)
- The Dam Busters (1954)
- The Dark Crystal (1982)
- Dreamchild (1985)
- The Great Muppet Caper (1981)
- The Hasty Heart (1948)
- Ice Cold in Alex (1958)
- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
- Kick-Ass (2010)
- The King's Speech (2010)
- Labyrinth (1986)
- The Last Days on Mars (2013)
- Lolita (1962)
- Moby Dick (1956)
- Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983)
- Murder on the Orient Express (1974)
- Never Say Never Again (1983)
- One Million Years B.C. (1966)
- The Other Boleyn Girl (2006)
- Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
- Return to Oz (1985)
- The Shining (1980)
- Star Wars (1977)
- Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
- Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
- Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)
- Summer Holiday (1963)
- Up Pompeii! (1971)
- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
- Willow (1988)
- The Young Ones (1961)
Television
- A League of Their Own (2011–)
- Are You Smarter Than a 10 Year Old? (2007–10)
- The Avengers (1964–1968)
- Babestation (2002–)
- Bad Girls (1999–2006)
- Big Brother (2002–)
- Celebrity Juice (2014–)
- Dancing on Ice (2006–10, 12–14)
- Department S
- Doodle Do
- Father Figure (2013)
- Fifteen to One (2014)
- Friday Download (2013–)
- Gideon's Way (1964/65)
- Jim Henson's The Storyteller
- Jim Henson's The Storyteller: Greek Myths
- Live at the Electric (2013–)
- Never Mind the Buzzcocks (2014–15)
- Our Way-Frank Sinatra Tribute (Dec 2014)
- Pointless (2013–)
- Red or Black? (2012)
- Revolution (2012; pilot)
- Robot Wars (third series)
- Stars in Their Eyes (2015)
- Strictly Come Dancing (2013–)
- The Chase (2014—)
- The Exit List (2012)
- The Hoobs (2001–02)
- The Saint
- The Singer Takes It All (2014)
- The Voice UK live shows
- The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss
- Two Tribes Series II 40 Eps
- Tumble (2014—)
- Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (1998–2013)
- Your Face Sounds Familiar (2013)
Clarendon Road Studios
BBC productions
- Bamzooki
- BBC Children in Need (2013–)
- EastEnders (1985–)
- Grange Hill (1985–2002)
- Holby City despite its sister programme, Casualty, being shot in Cardiff
- Kilroy – a studio debate show hosted by Robert Kilroy-Silk
- Newsroom South East
- Sadie J
- The British Animal Honours (2013–)
- That Puppet Game Show (2013)
- Tikkabilla (2002–2007)
- Top of the Pops (1994[17]–2001)[18]
- Tweenies (1999–2002)
Other productions
- Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955)
- Auf Wiedersehen, Pet Series 1 (1983)
- Dead Set (2008)
- Douglas Fairbanks Presents (1953–1955)
- Family Fortunes (Series 1 and 2, before production was moved to the ATV Centre, Birmingham)
- The Edge of the World (1937)
- The Golden Shot (ATV series)
- The Muppet Show (1976–1981)
- Keep It in the Family (2014–)
MGM Studios
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
- Conspirator (1949)
- Dance of the Vampires (1967)
- Edward, My Son (1949)
- I Thank a Fool (1962)
- Ivanhoe (1952, designer Alfred Junge's castle setting was to dominate the Borehamwood skyline for some years afterwards)
- The Liquidator (1965)
- The Prisoner (TV, 1967–68)
- tom thumb (1958)
- Where the Spies Are (1965)
- The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1964)
British and Dominion Studios
See also
- List of British film studios
- The Elstree Project, an oral history project capturing stories from crew members who have worked at the studios in Elstree and Borehamwood
References
- ^ Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
- ^ Barfe Turned Out Nice Again, p.108
- ^ Brian Jay Jones Jim Henson: The Biography, London: Random House, 2013, p.126
- ^ Burton, Alan; Chibnall, Steve (2013). Historical Dictionary of British Cinema. Lanham, MD and Plymouth, England: Scarecrow Press. p. 43.
- ^ Warren, p.71
- ^ a b c d Warren, p.76
- ^ Batty D. Bryan Forbes, acclaimed film director, dies aged 86. The Guardian. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013
- ^ "Stepford Wives film director Bryan Forbes dies aged 86". BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ^ Jake Bickerton (7 August 2012). "News & Comments". Televisual. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Television Centre return delayed by two years". BBC News. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Patricia Warren British Film Studios: An Illustrated History, London: B.T. Batsford, 2001, p.26, 28
- ^ "British Film Studios at Elstree Destroyed in $2,250,000 Blaze". Calgary Daily Herald. 10 February 1936. p. 9.
- ^ "MGM Buy Film Studios at Elstree". The Guardian. 18 April 1944. p. 5.
- ^ Warren, p.85
- ^ a b Tise Vahimagi "Danzigers, The", BFI screenonline
- ^ [1]. Millennium Studios. 8 December 2010.
- ^ "TOTP to quit Elstree studios", Broadcast, 20 October 2000
- ^ "TOTP editor plots fresh pops", BBC News, 18 October 2001
Sources
- Leslie Banks, The Elstree Story: Twenty-One Years of Film-Making. Clerke and Cockeran. 88 pages. With contributions by Douglas Fairbanks, Alfred Hitchcock, Ralph Richardson, Victory Saville, Googie Withers, Anna Neagle and John Mills.
- Castle, Stephen; Brooks, William (1988). The Book of Elstree & Boreham Wood. Buckingham, England: Barracuda Books Ltd. ISBN 0-86023-406-1.
- Peecher, John Phillip (1983) The Making of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-31235-X.
- Warren, Patricia (1983). Elstree: The British Hollywood. Columbus Books: London, ISBN 0-86287-446-7.
- Warren, Patricia, (1983). British Film Studios: An Illustrated History. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-8644-9.
- Welsh, Paul (1996). Elstree Film & Television Festival Programme. Elstree and Borehamwood Town Council.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- elstreestudios.co.uk, Elstree Studios official website
- Elstree Studios at the BFI's Screenonline
- BBC Elstree Centre
- News clip previews at Pathé News
- The Elstree Project – "Oral history interviews, showcasing Elstree's rich cultural filmmaking heritage
- BBC offices, studios and buildings
- British film studios
- 1972 establishments in the United Kingdom
- Buildings and structures in Hertfordshire
- Television studios in England
- Film production companies of the United Kingdom
- Hertsmere
- History of television
- ITV offices, studios and buildings
- Star Wars
- Television production companies of the United Kingdom