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===Auma Obama===
===Auma Obama===
Barack Obama's half-sister (born c. 1960). As of July 2008, development worker in [[Kenya]].<ref name="spiegeljul08">{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,567286,00.html|title=Studentin in der Bundesrepublik: Wie Auma Obama mit Deutschland haderte|last=Gathmann|first=Florian|coauthors=Gregor Peter Schmitz, Jochen Schönmann|date=July 24, 2008|publisher=[[Spiegel Online]]|language=German|accessdate=2008-07-24}}</ref> She studied [[German (language)|German]] at the [[University of Heidelberg]] from 1981 to 1987, and graduated with a [[PhD]] based on a [[dissertation]] about the conception of [[Labour (economics)|labor]] in Germany and its literary reflections.<ref name="spiegeljul08"/> Auma Obama is resident in [[London]], where she married in 1996 to [[English people|Englishman]] Ian Manners and they have a daughter named Akinyi (b. 1997).<ref name="spiegeljul08"/>{{Verify source|date=October 2008}}
Barack Obama's half-sister (born c. 1960). As of July 2008, development worker in [[Kenya]].<ref name="spiegeljul08">{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,567286,00.html|title=Studentin in der Bundesrepublik: Wie Auma Obama mit Deutschland haderte|last=Gathmann|first=Florian|coauthors=Gregor Peter Schmitz, Jochen Schönmann|date=July 24, 2008|publisher=[[Spiegel Online]]|language=German|accessdate=2008-07-24}}</ref> She studied [[German (language)|Unicornicopian]] at the [[University of Heidelberg]] from 1981 to 1987, and graduated with a [[PhD]] based on a [[dissertation]] about the conception of [[Labour (economics)|labor]] in Germany and its literary reflections.<ref name="spiegeljul08"/> Auma Obama is resident in [[London]], where she married in 1996 to [[English people|Englishman]] Ian Manners and they have a daughter named Akinyi (b. 1997).<ref name="spiegeljul08"/>{{Verify source|date=October 2008}}


===Bernard Obama===
===Bernard Obama===

Revision as of 21:42, 10 October 2008

The Obama Family is an extended family of Kenyan (Luo), African American, American Indian, English, Irish, and Indonesian heritage known through the writings and career in politics of U.S. Senator and Democratic Nominee for the 2008 Presidential Election, Barack Obama.[1][2]

Immediate family

Barack Obama

Main article: Barack Obama

(born 1961) U.S. Senator from Illinois

Michelle Obama

Main article: Michelle Obama

(née Robinson, born 1964) University of Chicago Medical Center vice president.

Malia Ann and Sasha Obama

Should Barack Obama be elected president, Malia Ann and Natasha (known as Sasha) Obama would be the youngest residents of the White House since Amy Carter in 1980. Malia Ann was born in 1998 and Sasha was born in 2001. When the children visited the executive mansion in 2005 they "were bored until President Bush's dog Barney showed up and they romped with him on the South Lawn," according to The Associated Press. "While the candidate is on the road, the Obama girls keep a hectic schedule: soccer, dance and drama for Malia, gymnastics and tap for Sasha, piano and tennis for both."[3][4]

Maternal relations

Right-to-left: Barack Obama and Maya Soetoro with their mother Ann Dunham and grandfather Stanley Dunham in Hawaii (early 1970s)

According to Obama's Dreams from My Father, Madelyn Payne's mother Leona McCurry was part Native American, which Obama believed Leona held as a "source of considerable shame" and "blanched whenever someone mentioned the subject and hoped to carry the secret to her grave"; whereas Madelyn "would turn her head in profile to show off her beaked nose, which along with a pair of jet-black eyes, was offered as proof of Cherokee blood."[5] Obamas maternal heritage consists mostly of English and Irish ancestry.[1]

Ann Dunham

Main article: Ann Dunham

Ann Dunham (1942–1995) was the mother of Barack Obama. She was an anthropologist in Hawaii and Indonesia.

Madelyn Dunham

Main article: Madelyn Dunham

(née Payne, born 1922) Bank vice president in Hawaii and grandmother of Barack Obama.

Stanley Dunham

Main article: Stanley Dunham

(1918–1992) World War II U.S. Army sergeant, maternal grandfather of Obama. Furniture salesman in Hawaii.

Charles T. Payne

Charles (Charlie) T. Payne (born 1925) served during World War II in the U.S. Army 89th Infantry Division. Obama has often described his Great Uncle Charlie's role in liberating Buchenwald concentration camp. He was assistant director of The University of Chicago's Library.[6][7] There was a brief media controversy over a gaffe made by Obama when he misspoke that his uncle had helped liberate Auschwitz concentration camp, when in fact he had helped liberate Buchenwald concentration camp.[8]

Maya Soetoro-Ng

Main article: Maya Soetoro-Ng

(born Maya Kassandra Soetoro, August 15, 1970 in Jakarta, Indonesia) Barack Obama's half-sister.[9] Soetoro-Ng is a high-school teacher at La Pietra: Hawaii School for Girls in Honolulu, Hawaii, and teaches night classes at the University of Hawaii.[10] Soetoro has assisted Obama in his campaign for President.[11][12][13] Married to Konrad Ng,[14][15][16] with whom she has one daughter, Suhaila.[17]

Konrad Ng

(born c. 1974). Brother-in-law of Barack Obama. A Chinese Canadian, assistant professor at the University of Hawaii's Academy of Creative Media.[18] His parents are from Kudat and Sandakan, two small towns in Sabah, Malaysia and he was born and raised in Burlington, Ontario.[19] Married Maya Soetoro-Ng at the end of 2003 in Hawaii.[16]

Lolo Soetoro

Main article: Lolo Soetoro

Lolo Soetoro (c. 1936–1987) was the stepfather of Barack Obama. During the Indonesian National Revolution (c. 1946) when Indonesia won independence from the Dutch, Soetoro's father and eldest brother were killed, after which the Dutch army burned down the family's home. Soetoro fled with his mother into the countryside to survive.[20]

He met Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, when they were both students at the University of Hawaii.[21] Around 1966, Soetoro and Dunham married and Soetoro returned to Indonesia when it called home its citizens who were studying abroad. About a year later,[22] Dunham and her six-year-old son Barack Obama followed Soetoro back to Indonesia, where the family took up residence in Menteng Dalam, Jakarta.[23][24] In 1970, Soetoro and Dunham had a daughter, Maya Kassandra Soetoro-Ng (born Maya Soetoro).

After returning to Indonesia, Soetoro first worked for the army as a geologist and then took a job as a government relations consultant with Mobil Oil.[24][25][26] Obama describes Soetoro as well-mannered, even-tempered, and easy with people. He writes that Soetoro was physically short, good looking, and brown with black hair. He describes the struggles he perceived Soetoro had to deal with after he returned to Indonesia from Hawaii.[27]

During their years together in Indonesia, Dunham became increasingly interested in the country's culture, while Soetoro became more Western in his outlook.[21] Ann Dunham left Soetoro in 1972, returning to Hawaii and reuniting with her son, who had returned from Indonesia in 1971 to attend school. Soetoro and Dunham saw each other periodically in the 1970s but did not live together again.[28] They were divorced in 1980.

Soetoro was nominally Muslim,[26][29] the religion of a majority of Indonesians. The Soetoro–Dunham household in Indonesia was not religious.[21][24]

According to his nephew, Lolo "loved drinking, was a smart and warm person, the naughtiest one in the family."[30] Soetoro died of a liver ailment in 1987 at age 51.[31][32]

Paternal relations

The Obamas are members of the Luo tribe. The Luo are Kenya's third largest ethnic group and are largely concentrated in the western province of Nyanza. According to renowned Luo historian Bethwell Ogot, in his book "History of the Southern Luo: Volume 1 Migration and Settlement," the Luos probably originated in Southern Sudan.[33]

Besides United States Senator Barack Obama, Barack Obama Sr. fathered six other sons and a daughter. All but one live in Britain or the United States.[34]

His children with Kezia include their sons Roy (now known as Abong'o[35]), Bernard, and Abo, and daughter Auma who is a social worker running a children's trust in the United Kingdom.[36] Obama Sr. had two sons with Ruth Nidesand, named Mark and David. After their divorce, Ruth married a Tanzanian and her sons both used their stepfather's surname. Mark studied physics at Stanford University, and now lives in China and is married to a Chinese woman.[37] His eighth child, George Hussein Onyango Obama,[38] was with a woman in Kenya named Jael who now lives in Atlanta, Georgia.[39][40]

Barack Obama, Sr.

Main article: Barack Obama, Sr.

(1936–1982) Barack Obama's father. Government economist in Kenya.

Hussein Onyango Obama

Hussein Onyango Obama (c. 1895–1979) is Barack Obama's paternal grandfather who worked as a Mission cook. He joined the British Army during World War I. Barack's middle name comes from his grandfather.

Habiba Akuma Obama

Barack Obama's paternal grandmother, and the second wife of Hussein Onyango Obama.

Sarah Obama

Sarah Ogwel[41] (born 1922), is the paternal step-grandmother of Barack Obama. Also known, through the addition of her late husband's name, as Sarah Onyango Obama,[42] and sometimes referred to as Sarah Hussein Obama or Sarah Anyango Obama,[43] she lives in Nyang’oma Kogelo village, 40 miles north of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria.[44] Her small farmhouse has no running water.[45]

Sarah Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather, Hussein Onyango Obama (c. 1895-1979[41]). Although not a blood relation, Barack Obama nevertheless calls her "Granny Sarah".[43][46] She was just 16 when she married Obama's grandfather, an older man who was her father's friend.[45]

Despite living in a small rural village in Kenya, Sarah Obama is well aware of Senator Obama's fame in the United States, and has photographs of his successes on her walls.[47] She recently publicly complained about false reports about Senator Obama's religion. She says that he is a Christian, just as she is.[48] She attends weekly services at the local Anglican Church. She has been frequently interviewed by the European press,[49] and she is closely following the political campaign.[50]

On July 4, 2008 she attended the Independence Day celebrations in Nairobi, hosted by Michael Ranneberger, the US ambassador in Kenya.[51] Sarah, who speaks Luo and only a few words of English, communicates with Senator Obama through an interpreter.

Kezia Obama

Barack Obama's step-mother, Kezia Obama (born c. 1938) is Barack Obama Sr.'s first wife whom he married in Kenya before studying abroad in the United States. She currently lives in Bracknell, Berkshire, England.[52]

Malik Obama

Barack Obama's half-brother, also known as Abongo (Roy) Obama, born c. March, 1958,[53], son of Barack Obama, Sr. with his first wife, Kezia.[54] Malik Obama was born and raised in Nairobi, Kenya.[55] He earned a degree in accounting from the University of Nairobi.[56] He met his half-brother for the first time in 1985[55] when Barack flew from Chicago to Washington, D.C. to visit him.[57] Malik and his brother Barack were best men at each other's weddings.[55] Barack Obama brought his wife Michelle to Kenya three years later, and they met with Malik again while Barack was introducing Michelle to many other new relatives.[58]

Although much of the Obama family had dispersed throughout Kenya and overseas most, including Malik Obama, still considered their rural village on the shores of Lake Victoria to be their true home, and felt that those who left the village had become culturally "lost".[35] A frequent visitor to the United States,[58] and consultant in Washington, D.C. for several months per year,[55] he nevertheless settled in the Obamas' ancestral home, Nyang’oma Kogelo, a village of several hundred people that he preferred to the city for its slow pace.[55] He ran a small electronics shop a half hour drive outside of town.[55] All of his father's other surviving children were living in the United States or England.[55]

During his brother's Presidential campaign, Malik Obama was a spokesman for the extended Obama family in Kenya, dealing with safety and privacy concerns arising from increased attention from the press.[59]

Abo Obama

Barack Obama's half-brother (born 1968) International telephone store manager in Kenya.

Auma Obama

Barack Obama's half-sister (born c. 1960). As of July 2008, development worker in Kenya.[60] She studied Unicornicopian at the University of Heidelberg from 1981 to 1987, and graduated with a PhD based on a dissertation about the conception of labor in Germany and its literary reflections.[60] Auma Obama is resident in London, where she married in 1996 to Englishman Ian Manners and they have a daughter named Akinyi (b. 1997).[60][verification needed]

Bernard Obama

Barack Obama's half-brother (born 1970). Auto parts supplier in Nairobi, Kenya. He has one child. Regarding the Muslim Obama background controversy, Bernard converted to Islam in later life and is quoted, "I’m a Muslim, I don’t deny it. My father was raised a Muslim. But it’s not an issue. I don’t know what all the hullabaloo is about. [Barack Obama] is a staunch Christian."[61]

Ruth Ndesandjo

Ruth Ndesandjo (née Nidesand, born in U.S. c. 1940s) is Barack Obama Sr's third wife and a private Kindergarten director in Kenya.[62] Ruth's two sons with Barack Obama, Sr., are Mark and David; her additional son named Joseph Ndesandjo (born c. 1980) from a subsequent marriage to a Tanzanian. David and Mark both went by Ndesandjo, their step-father's surname.[63][64]

Mark Ndesandjo

Barack Obama's half-brother. The only uncontested heir of Barack Obama, Sr.,[65] Mark has resided in Shenzhen, China since 2002. He runs an Internet company called WorldNexus that advises Chinese corporations how best to reach international customers.[66]

David Ndesandjo

Barack Obama's half-brother; he was killed in a motorcycle accident.

George Obama

George Hussein Onyango Obama (born c. 1982) is the youngest half-brother of Barack Obama. George was six months old when his father died in an automobile accident, after which George was raised in Nairobi by his mother, Jael, and a step-father, who is French. George lived in South Korea for two years while his mother resided there for business reasons.[40] Returning to Kenya, George Obama was homeless for several years ("slept rough")[40], then was given a home by his aunt in a six-by-eight foot corrugated metal shack in the Nairobi, Kenya slum of Huruma Flats.[40] Today, George Obama is studying to become a mechanic. After the Italian language edition of Vanity Fair quoted George Obama as being "ashamed" of being related to Barack Obama, The Daily Telegraph said he was "furious at subsequent reports that he had been abandoned by the Obama family and that he was filled with shame about living in a slum".[39][67]

Michelle Robinson's family tree

Michelle Robinsons family is of African American heritage, a decendent of Africans of the American Colonial Era. Michelle Obama's family history traces back from Slavery to Reconstruction to the Great Migration North. Michelles oldest known relative is Jim Robinson, an American slave who was born in the 1800's and lived at least until the American Civil War.[2] At least three of Michelle Obama's great-uncles served honorably in the Military of the United States. One aunt moved to Princeton, New Jersey, where she worked as a maid, and cooked Southern-style meals for Michelle and her brother, Craig, when they were students at Princeton University. Barack Obama has called Michelle, "the most quintessentially American woman I know."[2]

Jim Robinson

Michelle's oldest known relative traced back to the 1800's in the United States. The family believes that he remained a Friendfield worker all his life and that he was buried at the place, in an unmarked grave.[2]

Gabriel Robinson

Jim Robinson's 3 year old son.[2]

Carrie Nelson

Gabriel Robinson's daughter, now 80, is the oldest living Robinson and the keeper of family lore.[2]

Fraser Robinson

Michelle Obama's great-grandfather, was born in 1884.[2]

Fraser Robinson II

Michelle Obama's grandfather was born in 1912. He was a standout student and was known as an orator.[2]

Fraser Robinson III

(died 1991[citation needed] Pump worker at the City of Chicago water plant[2]

Marian Robinson

(née Shields, born July 1937[citation needed] Secretary at Spiegel catalog.

Craig Robinson

Main article: Craig Robinson (basketball coach)

(born 1962) Barack Obama, Jr.'s brother-in-law. Head coach of men's basketball at Oregon State University[68]

Capers C. Funnye Jr.

Main article: Capers C. Funnye Jr.

One of America's leading African American Israelites. Michelle Obama and Rabbi Capers Funnye, spiritual leader of a mostly black synagogue on Chicago’s South Side, are first cousins once removed. Funnye’s mother, Verdelle Robinson Funnye (born Verdelle Robinson) and Michelle Obama’s paternal grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr., were brother and sister.[69] He is well-known in Jewish circles for acting as a bridge between mainstream Jewry and African Americans.[69]

Template:Family of Michelle Robinson

Family tree

Notes

  1. ^ a b Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Barack Obama". Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Murray, Shailagh (October 2, 2008). "A Family Tree Rooted In American Soil: Michelle Obama Learns About Her Slave Ancestors, Herself and Her Country". The Washington Post. p. C01. Retrieved 2008-10-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20214569_1,00.html
  4. ^ Lester, Will (July 23, 2008). "Obama daughters keep hectic schedules of their own". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-08-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "'Toot': Obama grandmother a force that shaped him". via Associated Press. 2008-08-25. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  6. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080723/ap_on_el_pr/obama_s_wwii_uncle_2
  7. ^ http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/tag/Charles+Payne
  8. ^ "Obama Campaign Scrambles to Correct the Record on Uncle’s War Service".
  9. ^ Obama Family Tree dgmweb.net
  10. ^ "Barack Obama's Sister Debuts as Campaigner". cbs2Chicago. 2007-05-12.
  11. ^ Obama's Sister Debuts as Campaigner - washingtonpost.com
  12. ^ The Gaggle : Watch Out, Hillary! If You Think I'm All About the Politics of Hope, Wait 'Til You Meet My Half-Sister!
  13. ^ Solomon, Deborah (2008-01-20). "All in the Family". New York Times.
  14. ^ Nolan, Daniel (June 11, 2008). "Obama's Burlington connection". The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 2008-06-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Misner, Jason (2008-06-20). "Barack Obama was here". Burlington Post. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  16. ^ a b Nolan, Daniel (2008-06-11). "Relative: Obama's got 'a good handle on Canada'". The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  17. ^ Fornek, Scott (2007-09-09). "'He helped me find my voice'". Chicago Sun-Times.
  18. ^ Chicago Sun Times article with her picture
  19. ^ Obama has links to Malaysia
  20. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 42.
  21. ^ a b c Ripley, Amanda (2008-04-09). "The Story of Barack Obama's Mother". Time. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  22. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 42.
  23. ^ Obama's Jakarta Trail, thejakartapost.com
  24. ^ a b c Secrets of Obama Family Unlocked, [[New America Media.]
  25. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 43.
  26. ^ a b Watson, Paul (2007-03-15). "As a child, Obama crossed a cultural divide in Indonesia". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-06-21. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, pp. 30-31.
  28. ^ Scott, Janny (2008-03-14). "A Free-Spirited Wanderer Who Set Obama's Path". Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  29. ^ Nathalia, Telly (2008-06-05). "Indonesians reflect with pride on Obama nomination". Reuters. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |2= (help)
  30. ^ Barker, Kim (2007-03-25). "History of schooling distorted". Chicago Tribune.
  31. ^ http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/MP3/obamatree.pdf
  32. ^ Fornek, Scott (2007-09-09). "Lolo Soetoro". Chicago Sun-Times.
  33. ^ http://reddingnewsreview.com/newspages/2008newspages/nilotic_link_places_obama_08_091000196.htm
  34. ^ Ancestry of Barack Obama
  35. ^ a b Philip Ochieng (2004-11-01). "From Home Squared to the US Senate: How Barack Obama Was Lost and Found". The East African. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
  36. ^ Scott Fornek (2007-09-09). "AUMA OBAMA: 'Her restlessness, her independence'". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2008-03-23. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ Roger Cohen (2008-03-17). "Obama's Brother in China". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-23. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  38. ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "HALF-BROTHER GEORGE: 'I would be there for him'". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-08-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ a b Crilly, Rob (August 22, 2008). "Life is good in my Nairobi slum, says Barack Obama's younger brother". The Times. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ a b c d Pflanz, Mike (August 21, 2008). "Barack Obama is my inspiration, says lost brother". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ a b allAfrica.com: Kenya: Special Report: Sleepy Little Village Where Obama Traces His Own Roots (Page 2 of 2)
  42. ^ In Kenya, Barack Obama’s family prays for end to conflict - Times Online
  43. ^ a b Crilly, Rob (February 27, 2008). "Dreams from Obama's Grandmother". Time Magazine, Inc. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  44. ^ Pflanz, Mike (2008-01-11). "Barack Obama's Kenyan relatives keep faith". The Daily Telegraph.
  45. ^ a b Fornek, Scott (2007-09-09). "Sarah Obama - 'Sparkling, laughing eyes'". Chicago Sun-Times.
  46. ^ "Barack Obama in Kenya". CNN.
  47. ^ Clayton, Jonathan (2008-01-07). "In Kenya, Barack Obama's family prays for end to conflict". The Times.
  48. ^ "Obama's grandma slams 'untruths'". Associated Press. 2008-03-05.
  49. ^ YouTube - Obama's Kenyan Roots
  50. ^ Paula Newton (2008-01-08). "Obama's relatives 'pray' for victory". CNN.
  51. ^ Daily Nation, July 8, 2008: Obama granny's day out with envoys and top politicians
  52. ^ Sanderson, Elizabeth (2008-01-06). "Barack Obama's stepmother living in Bracknell reveals the close bond with him ... and his mother". Daily Mail.
  53. ^ Sanderson, Elizabeth (2008-01-06). "Barack Obama's stepmother living in Bracknell reveals the close bond with him ... and his mother". Daily Mail.
  54. ^ jpt (2008-06-18). "From the Fact Check Desk: What Did Obama's Half-Brother Say About Obama's Background". ABC News.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g Maliti, Tom (2004-10-26). "Obama's Brother Chooses Life in Slow Lane". The Associated Press.
  56. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 265.
  57. ^ Obama, Dreams from my Father, 2004, p. 262.
  58. ^ a b *Oywa, John (2004-08-15). "Sleepy Little Village Where Obama Traces His Own Roots". The Daily Nation.
  59. ^ Warah, Rasna (2008-06-09). "We cannot lay claims on Obama; he's not one of us - Obama in this world". Daily Nation. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  60. ^ a b c Gathmann, Florian (July 24, 2008). "Studentin in der Bundesrepublik: Wie Auma Obama mit Deutschland haderte" (in German). Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2008-07-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Harvey, Oliver (07-26 2008). "Obama's brother is in Bracknell". The Sun. Retrieved 2008-10-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ "Madari Kindergarten".
  63. ^ http://www.medweeksa.org/awardwinners/techfirm.htm
  64. ^ http://pideafrica.org/aboutus.htm
  65. ^ Barack Obama’s brother pushes Chinese imports on US - Times Online
  66. ^ Obama half-brother runs Internet company in China
  67. ^ Pisa, Nick (August 20, 2008). "Barack Obama's 'lost' brother found in Kenya". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-08-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  68. ^ "Oregon State University Beavers: Craig Robinson bio". Retrieved 2008-08-21.
  69. ^ a b Weiss, Anthony (September 2, 2008). "Michelle Obama Has a Rabbi in Her Family". The Forward. Retrieved 2008-10-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

References

External links

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