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German Guatemalan

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German Guatemalans
Deutsch- guatemaltekischen
Germano-Guatemalteco
Regions with significant populations
Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala city, Quetzaltenango, Zacapa and Jutiapa.
Languages
Spanish, German and Q'eqchi'.
Religion
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Irreligion and Jewish
Related ethnic groups
Germans, White Guatemalans, Guatemalans

A German Guatemalan is a citizen of Guatemala whose ancestors were German settlers (along with other settlers from Belgium) who arrived in the 19th and 20th centuries. Guatemala had a massive immigration of Germans in the nineteenth century,[3] the government of Justo Rufino Barrios these immigrants they were provided farmlands of coffee in the departments of Quetzaltenango, Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz,[4] but by the early twentieth century came Germans in Guatemala City, Zacapa and Jutiapa, in these regions there are many descendants of these German people. Guatemala currently has a strong community of Germans who make up the majority of European immigrants in the country, is also the most numerous German community in all Central American countries.[5]

Around 1940 8,000 German immigrants lived in Guatemala.[6] Although by 1944 these Germans were expelled by the oppressions of United States, are now estimated 5,000[1] or between 7000 and 10.000,[2] as the largest community of Germans in all Central America.

German Colonization

Coffee plantation estates built by the Germans

The first German colonists arrived in the mid-19th century, and soon German settlers acquired land and operated coffee plantations in Alta Verapaz and Quetzaltenango. Cobán became an important center for German settlers. Other German operations cultivated tea, cocoa, and vanilla.[7] While most Germans went to Cobán, others went to San Juan Chamelco and Xelaju (Quetzaltenango). Cobán later came to be monopolized by German trade in wholesale stores, but they and, to a greater extent, the fincas dispersed throughout almost the entire region of Alta Verapaz. They paid workers with coins minted by each owner. These currencies could only purchase in the company store of the finca, whereby the employer obtained extra pecuniary gain.[8]

The first German immigrant to Guatemala was Rodolfo Dieseldorff, in 1863, whereof he spoke very well of the place, and many Germans followed. According to the book The Germans in Guatemala, 1828-1944 by Regina Wagner, what attracted Germans to Verapaz was its "natural insulation, mild climate and fertile soil, and the possibilities of agricultural and commercial development." By the end of 1890, two-thirds of coffee production in that region was in hands of Germans.[9]

Delivery of coffee on a German farm.

With the passage of time, the economy of Alta Verapaz became entirely headed by Germans, and formed its own world in Alta Verapaz, organized in a very united and supportive community. They had social activities at the German Club, or Deutsche Verein, in Cobán, founded in 1888, later renamed the Charitable Society. Initially, this group had only German members. The Cobán German Club was improved upon, being equipped so as to lend a pleasant environment where Germans could feel at home. A library was formed with donated books and magazines brought back by those who traveled to Germany. Today it is the Charitable Society.[8]

Dieseldorff formed a complex of farms over three periods: between 1890 and 1898 it acquired the Seacté, Chiachal, Click, SECAC-Ulpan, Santa Margarita, Paija, Panzal and El Salto farms; between 1898 and 1910 became the Raxpec, Santa Cecilia, Cubilgüitz, Chamcarel and Sacchicagua of Secol, San Diego-Yalpemech, Chichochoc, Chichaíc Santa Margarita, Rio Frio Pocola and estates; and, after 1924, it acquired the Sachamach, Tzimajil, Chiquixjí Raxahá and haciendas. At the same time, it became Dieseldorff of many indigenous plots and to fully utilize the facilities of its coffee benefit and increase the volume of its exports, buying coffee cherry to small producers in the region of San Pedro Carchá by ratings or cash advances, and also received other parchment coffee farmers as the German Brothers Sterkel, for processing into gold.[10]

The Germans were organized in a close-knit and supportive community. They made their social activities or Deutsche Verein German Club in Coban, founded in 1888. It is currently the Benevolent Society. At its inception, this group had only German partners. The place was remodeled and equipped to provide a friendly atmosphere where Germans feel at home, had a library of books and magazines donated by those who traveled to Germany. In 1938, every Sunday in Coban, a group of young Germans using traditional shorts, notes the book Soul Mates, "marched in military form of Magdalena farm to the club, singing songs extolling Deutschland and its mission in the world ".[8]

Demography

In Guatemala, according to the embassy, there are more than 5,000 Germans living permanently in Guatemala, as well as several thousand more of German descent.[1] This is the largest German community in Central America.

It is difficult to know exactly the number of Guatemalans of German descent, counting only in Alta Verapaz, Zacapa and Guatemala City there are a large number of descendants of German (and without other strong areas of Quetzaltenango, Baja Verapaz, El Peten, Sacatepequez and El Progreso). It should be taken into account that in Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz many German settlers were mixed with indigenous women Q'eqchi', and German settlers in the capital and eastern were mixed with women of mestizo or white/Spanish origin. In conclusion, the number of Guatemalans of German origin unmixed is very low. Currently, there are still people with German last names like Winther, Euler, Buechsel, Henstenberg, Quirin, Kouffer, Noak, etc.

Guatemalans with German ancestry share Spanish language and German.[1] The majority professes Protestantism followed by those who are Catholic and Atheists, Agnostics and Jews. Many kept German traditions and holidays. The descendants of the Gregg and Dieseldorff family still have several fincas in Alta Verapaz where coffee is still grown.[8]

Notable Guatemalan Germans

German Missionaries in Guatemala

Otto Langmann was in Guatemala in 1930.

In Guatemala arrived several German missionaries who gave the Lutheran church history of the country, although some of these belonged to the Nazy Party

Otto Langmann

The arrival of Pastor Otto Langmann (1898-1956) in 1930 in Guatemala can be described as the beginning of the Nazis in the German Colony. He supported an evangelical community in Guatemala; a year later he joined the NSDAP and founded the first Nazi groups abroad,[11] Shortly after his arrival in Guatemala, which came with some members of the congregation, Langmann was the founder of the Epiphany of the Evangelical Church in Guatemala, Langmann did a very important role in rural areas of Guatemala and Guatemala City[12]

the family Dieseldorff

The Family Dieseldorff in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala

The name says a lot Dieseldorff the people of Alta Verapaz, who besides having several coffee farms in the region, were the first Germans who came to the department.

By the end of his long career at sea, Dieseldorff Gualán chosen as the target, Zacapa. He experimented with the cultivation of cotton, but lost crop pests. This forced him to seek other routes and started a new project in the trade that brought him to Alta Verapaz, where he settled.

In 1934, the German consul invited all members of the community to receive the ambassador; the Dieseldorff were not invited because they were not considered as pure Aryans, as they had Jewish blood.

The descendants of this family still have several farms in Alta Verapaz where coffee is still grown.[13]

Nazi Sympathizers

Among Germans who immigrated in the 1930s were followers of National Socialism. Not all immigrants were followers. The older, present generations in Alta Verapáz were not demonstrably attracted to the movement nor the Nazi party. In 1933, with the accession of National Socialist Movement in Germany, Nazi patriotic and cultural anniversaries began to appear in the small confines of Cobán and Alta Verapáz, and a local National Socialist Party formed among Germans there[citation needed]. It has been claimed that in the mid-1930s all Germans in Alta Verapaz were Nazis; [citation needed] however, this claim is unfounded, as it is only anecdotal, and not all of German descent were in effect also Nazi. One writer does note that "there wasn't a German finca where the Nazi flag did not occupy a place of honor, nor a German finquero who did not participate in local events organized by the Nazis.[citation needed]"

In 1938, a seminal event impacted the German community in La Verapaz; the Third Reich asking their expatriate citizens to vote on the German annexation of Austria, the Anschluss. Some Germans in Guatemala held dual citizenship. A German boat anchored in Puerto Barrios to facilitate the vote. Those who attended were designated as sympathizers of Adolf Hitler.[8] In 1936, 381 Germans in Guatemala voted for Adolf Hitler. Subsequently, most of these were deported, under pressure from the United States, for supporting the Nazi Party.[7]

Cabinetry-maker Heinrich Gundelach and Protestant pastor Otto Langmann were founders of the Party's organization in Cobán. According to the book Almas Gemelas by Regina Wagner, that same year (1938) the long-since present German School formed a Hitler Youth, practiced the salute, and discussed National Socialist race theory, disregarding that the German school also had students of Jewish descent. Thomas M. Leonard notes in The General History of Guatemala that the Buenos Aires newspaper Crítica de Buenos Aires reported in 1938 that Germany was building airfields in Guatemala. This claim was found to be untrue, but nonetheless garnered Washington's alarm, considering Guatemala to be the core of Nazi propaganda in Central America, as three quarters of the German population of the entire Central American isthmus at the time lived in Guatemala.[14]

German culture in Guatemala

The Germans introduced much of their culture in Guatemala Christmas traditions, one of which was the Christmas tree introducieron late nineteenth century, according to a belief that Germans traian Christmas tree is: It is said that St. Boniface evangelized Germany, downed tree representing the god Odin, and in the same place planted a pine, a symbol of enduring love of God and adorned with apples and candles, giving a Christian symbolism: apples represented the temptations, original sin and sins of men candles represent Christ, the light of the world and receive the grace that men who accept Jesus as their Savior. This custom spread throughout Europe in the Middle Ages and the conquests and migrations came to America. Christmas carols and hymns were composed by German missionaries arrived in Guatemala then by inserting it to pincipios twentieth century German Guatemala introduced the tradition or belief in Santa Claus or Nicolas, which is currently very popular.[15] The German teacher Eddy Vielman introduced in 1995 Nutcracker in Guatemala, currently he direct this work that appears in every Christmas, also contributes to the culture of Scenic Arts in Guatemala.[16]

The beer industry in Guatemala City and Cobán had much cooperation of German immigrants. The representatively iconic Gallo beer of Guatemala has German roots of national flavor to the brewery industry.[17]

In other traditions, the Oktoberfest is held in Guatemala City, Cobán, San Juan Chamelco, Zacapa, Quetzaltenango and Antigua Guatemala, this celebration was introduced by the Germans and became very popular.

Today in Cobán, the Alta Verapaz departmental governmental seat, extant 19th century German stylistic and cultural tastes can be noted in houses, cathedrals, parks, clock towers, in the administrative palace, and as well in other Alta Verapaz cities such as San Juan Chamelco. As a consequence of expropriation of indigenously-owned land, which were deemed putatively as ejidos in the 19th century, dire poverty continues to affect indigenous peoples in Alta Verapaz.

German Festival in Guatemala

In October 2014, the German school in Guatemala and special guest the German Ambassador to Guatemala, Matthias Sonn, celebrated the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the 23 years of German unification. The students sang hymns and participated in a presentation symbolically tearing down a wall decorated with drawings.[18]

Oktoberfest, introduced by the first German immigrants, is celebrated in Guatemala City, Antigua Guatemala and Alta Verapaz.[19]

German language in Guatemala

The Alexander von Humboldt Association created a German school in Cobán, followed by schools in Quetzaltenango and Guatemala City. After World War II, the school was closed since it was associated with the Nazis, but reopened for 1958.[20] The Asociación Alexander von Humboldt runs the German School, the German Language Institute, the German Cultural Institute and the Club Alemán. After twelve years of instruction, the more than 1,000 students attending the German School. The people of interest in studying in Germany has constantly grown in recent years. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has seconded an academic teacher to Guatemala.[1]

Die Zivilisationsbringer (documentary film)

In 1998, documentarians Uli Stelzner and Thomas Walther filmed a documentary, The Civilizer (Die Zivilisationsbringer), interviewing members of current German entrepreneurial elite in Alta Verapaz and Guatemala City and finding claims to have "unmasked the German racism", that the offspring of scions of the first Germans who came to Guatemala in the 1880s are "still convinced of belonging to a superior culture".[21]

German Communities and contributions in Guatemala currently

Guatemala is one of the partner countries with which Germany enjoys close development cooperation based on intergovernmental agreements. Germany is one of the country’s largest donors. Cooperation focuses on the priority areas of "democratic governance with equity" and "education". Germany also contributes to the economic, industrial development, and contributes to security in the country. Germany is the main trading partner of Guatemala in Europe, also is the European country that more has diplomatic relations in Guatemala.[2]

Associations and cooperations

the German Embassy in Guatemala assert that there are approximately more than 10,000 Germans living permanently in Guatemala in 2010,[2] also asserts that these German citizens who are made to live in Guatemala tourist, business, and cooperatives.

  •  Germany  Guatemala The German Embassy in Guatemala
  • the German-Guatemalan technical cooperation.
  • German farmers cooperative in Guatemala.
  • German club of Guatemala
  • Economic cooperation

German Industries in Guatemala

  • Industrias Salchichas Bremen. (this industry is Guatemalan and their owners are descendants of the German family bremen)
  • Industria Alemana de Alimentos, S.A. en Guatemala.
  • Cámara de Comercio e Industria Guatemalteco-Alemana.
  • MULTINACIONAL ALEMANA-GUATEMALA.
  • Ventanas Alemanas, S.A.
  • AHK Guatemala
  • Henkel Guatemala

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Federal Foreign Office Auswärtiges-Guatemala.Retrieved on 7 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Deutsche Botschaft Guatemala German Embassy of Guatemala
  3. ^ http://antiguadailyphoto.com/2011/02/15/the-germans-in-guatemala/#.VE_P6vmG-So
  4. ^ Schoonover, Thomas (1936). Germany in Central America: Competitive Imperialism, 1821-1929 (1998 ed.). United States: The University of Alabama Press. pp. 88+316. ISBN 978-0-8173-8489-0. Retrieved 2014-10-28.
  5. ^ Schoonover, Thomas (October 1947). German investment in Guatemala. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 212–219. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  6. ^ Thomas Schoonover (2008). Hitler's Man in Havana: Heinz Luning and Nazi Espionage in Latin America. United States of America: The University Press of Kentucky. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8131-2501-5. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b Encyclopædia Britannica Cobán(Guatemala) Retrieved, 07-11-2014
  8. ^ a b c d e Revista D Deutschland en la Verapaz Retrieved, 07/12/2014.
  9. ^ Wagner, Regina (November 2001). Historia del café de Guatemala. Bogota, D,C, Colombia: Anacafe. pp. 203, 207. ISBN 958-96982-8-X. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  10. ^ Caso IGSS: se tocó al poder económico
  11. ^ In: Die Deutschen in Guatemala 1930-194, 30. November 2009, Ein Pfarrer für Guatemala
  12. ^ http://europaenguatemala.blogspot.com/2009/12/un-pastor-germano-en-guatemala.html
  13. ^ Sandoval, Julieta. "Deutschland en la Verapaz". Revista D - D fondo. La huella alemana. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  14. ^ Gemma Gil Fascismo en Guatemala Revista D Guatemala, 18/12/2007. Retrieved, 07/12/2014.
  15. ^ Tradiciones y Costumbres Navideñas de Guatemala Retrieved on, 7 November 2014.
  16. ^ El Cascanueces llega al Teatro Nacional Prensa Libre.
  17. ^ Cerveza Gallo Historia de la cervecería guatemalteca Retrieved on, 7 November 2014.
  18. ^ Prensa Libre. Celebran día de la unificación alemana, Guatemala, 25 October 2014. Retrieved on 1 November 2014.
  19. ^ Prensa Libre Oktoberfest el sabor de Alemania Retrieved, 7 November 2014.
  20. ^ AVH-Colegio Alemán de Guatemala Retrieved, 07/12/2014.
  21. ^ Carlos Chávez. La cara alemana de guatemala La prensa gráfica. Guatemala, 24 January 2009. Retrieved on, 7 November 2014.
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