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Kristianstad

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Kristianstad
Kristianstad
Kristianstad
Coat of arms of Kristianstad
Coat of arms
CountrySweden
ProvinceSkåne
CountySkåne County
MunicipalityKristianstad Municipality
Area
[1]
 • Total17.69 km2 (6.83 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2010)[1]
 • Total35,711
 • Density2,019/km2 (5,230/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
WebsiteOfficial website

Kristianstad (Swedish pronunciation: [krɪˈɧanːsta], older spelling Christianstad) is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 35,711 inhabitants in 2010.[1] During the last 15 years, it has gone from a garrison town to a developed commercial city, today attracting visitors in the summertime mainly from Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands. [citation needed]

History

Trinity Church (Heliga Trefaldighetskyrkan)

The city was founded in 1614 by King Christian IV of Denmark, the city's name literally means 'Town of Christian', as a planned city after the burning of the nearby town of Vä and moving the city rights of the neighbouring town of Sölvesborg and Åhus to the new town. The purpose of the town was to safeguard the eastern half of the Danish province of Scania against any future raids from Sweden in the north, but also as a symbol of the power of Christian himself. One of these raids had sacked the nearby town of Vä in 1612. Vä then lost its charter and the people were moved to the new, better fortified city. The king also founded the town of Christianopel in eastern Blekinge to serve a similar purpose.

Construction of the towns was a great prestige project for the king, and Kristianstad's church (Template:Lang-da; Swedish: Heliga Trefaldighetskyrkan) is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful buildings constructed by King Christian IV, or even northern Europe's most beautiful Renaissance church. This meant that the church was built considerably larger than there was initially use for. The king also wanted castle or fortress constructed inside the town but shortage of funds made this impossible, of the intendend castle only an arsenal was constructed which today serves as the main building of the local museum. Also in Christianstad the town planning of the Renaissance could be laid down for the first time at the foundation of the town. This makes the Kristianstad town centre of today exceptionally well-kept and easy to get around in.

Pylyp Orlyk was after 1709 chosen as a Hetman in exile by the cossacks and the Swedish king Charles XII. While in Bender Orlyk wrote one of the first state constitutions in Europe. This Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk was confirmed by Charles XII and it also names him as the protector of Ukraine. After 1714 Orlyk now together with several other cossacks followed the Swedish king Charles XII to Sweden. Orlyk with his family and about 40 other Cossacks arrived in Ystad, Sweden in late November 1715. After some months in Ystad they lived in the city of Kristianstad for some years.[2] Orlyk wrote numerous proclamations and essays about Ukraine including the 1710 Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk.[3]

Short-lived Danish capture of Kristianstad during the Scanian War (1676), painting by Claus Møinichen.

The city's coat of arms depicts two lions holding the King Christian IV's crowned insignia, the monogram C4. The coat of arms was only slightly modified after the Swedish takeover following the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde in which the eastern third of Denmark was ceded to Sweden. The coat of arms is very similar to the coat of arms of the former town of Christianopel in eastern Blekinge, a town also founded by Christian IV. Since 1971, the coat of arms is used by Kristianstad Municipality. Kristianstad's coat of arms is one of the few coat of arms in the world depicting a foreign king's or queen's coat of arms. A reason for the Swedes to continue using the old coat of arms could be its colours – blue and yellow.

The city served as capital of Kristianstad County between 1719 and 1997. It now houses the administration and the regional parliament of the Skåne Regional Council. For a long time Kristianstad also was a very important garrison town, the A3 Wendes Artillery Regiment and the P6 South Scanian Infantry Regiment being the towns most prominent military units. Also the town housed for many years the so-called Scanian Fortification Brigade. The Wendes Artillery Regiment served with distinction in the Napoleonic Wars. One of Sweden's higher courts of appeal was located in Kristianstad before being moved to Malmö in 1917.

Geography

Sweden's lowest point, at 2.41 meters below mean sea level, is located in Kristianstad. Because of this, parts of the city have to be protected from flooding by a system of levees and water pumps. To expand the city, large areas of low-lying wetlands have had to be walled in, especially to the east. To prevent future flooding of the city center, the existing levees are in the process of being reinforced and new levees against both Helge å and Hammarsjön are under construction. An extensive system of ponds and dams is also under construction. The threat of flooding became substantial during late winter 2002, when the greater part of the public park Tivoliparken was under water.[4] However, the wetlands around the city are starting to be regarded more as an asset, not least thanks to the creation of Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve.[5] Today the Vattenriket is a Unesco biosphere reserve.

Climate

Kristianstad has an oceanic climate typical of southern Sweden that retains many continental features in spite of its near-coastal position, such as large seasonal differences. The marine influence is greater during winter, a season that averages above the freezing point. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards.

Climate data for Kristianstad, 2002–2015; extremes since 1901, precipitation 1961–1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		15.3
(59.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		25.6
(78.1) 		29.5
(85.1) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.9
(91.2) 		33.6
(92.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		23.5
(74.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		13.0
(55.4) 		32.4
(90.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.4
(36.3) 		2.7
(36.9) 		6.9
(44.4) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.3
(63.1) 		20.5
(68.9) 		23.0
(73.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		18.1
(64.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		3.8
(38.8) 		12.4
(54.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0) 		0.1
(32.2) 		2.7
(36.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		11.7
(53.1) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		4.9
(40.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		8.3
(46.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.5
(27.5) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.2
(43.2) 		9.5
(49.1) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.3
(54.1) 		8.7
(47.7) 		4.8
(40.6) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		4.2
(39.6)
Record low °C (°F) −27.8
(−18.0) 		−23.4
(−10.1) 		−22.8
(−9.0) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.5
(40.1) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−24.6
(−12.3) 		−27.8
(−18.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.7
(1.88) 		33.0
(1.30) 		36.2
(1.43) 		36.1
(1.42) 		42.4
(1.67) 		47.4
(1.87) 		64.0
(2.52) 		50.1
(1.97) 		54.8
(2.16) 		50.6
(1.99) 		53.7
(2.11) 		50.7
(2.00) 		561.8
(22.12)
Source 1: SMHI Average Precipitation 1961-1990[6]
Source 2: SMHI Average Data 2002-2015[7]

Environmental

Kristianstad has by now crossed a vital threshold, as the city and adjacent county, with a population of 80,000, in essence use no oil, natural gas or coal to warm homes and businesses, even throughout the extensive chilly winters. It is an absolute turnaround from 20 years ago, when all of its heating came from fossil fuels.[8]

Industry

Absolut Vodka, owned by Pernod Ricard, is produced by the town of Åhus located within the municipality. Kristianstad was the main military seat in Scania for a long time, boosting military camps and trainings. After the reforms and military cutbacks of the 1990s all of these have been closed, although a new military presence is being established in nearby Rinkaby which holds an old military training ground. Also in and around Kristianstad are numerous enterprises concerned with agriculture and it is usually said that every Swede everyday eats something produced from Kristianstad. At the old garrison ground for the P6 South Scanian Infantry Regiment (later mechanized) there is today the local Kristianstad University which is specialized in educating teachers and nurses.

Culture

The Swedish Film industry (Svensk Filmindustri) commenced its activities in Kristianstad in the 1910s, [citation needed] before moving to Stockholm in 1920. Today the old studio is a museum.

Events

The 2011 World Scout Jamboree was held near Rinkaby, in Kristianstad municipality. Also very summer there is a huge beachhandboll tournament in Åhus.

Notable natives

Sister cities

Kristianstad has eight sister cities:[9]

Sights

  • "Stora kronohuset"
    "Stora kronohuset"
  • Railway station
    Railway station
  • Citygate
    Citygate
  • Cityhotel (Stadshotellet), also the Freemason House
    Cityhotel (Stadshotellet), also the Freemason House
  • Theatre
    Theatre
  • Heliga Trefaldighetskyrkan
    Heliga Trefaldighetskyrkan
  • "Kvarnen"
    "Kvarnen"
  • Lilla torg
    Lilla torg
  • Old railroad bridge across Helge å
    Old railroad bridge across Helge å

See also

References

  • Some material has been incorporated from the corresponding article on Swedish Wikipedia

Brew, Margit Scandinavian footprints: a history of Scandinavians settling in New Zealand Auckland, NZ: M.Brew, c2007.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Alfred Jensen: Mazepa, p.174–194. Lund 1909.
  3. ^ 300th anniversary of first Ukrainian constitution written by Pylyp Orlyk being celebrated, Kyiv Post (April 5, 2010)
  4. ^ "Skydd mot översvämningar (Protection from flooding)". Retrieved 2016-08-16.
  5. ^ "Summary". www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se. Retrieved 2016-08-15.
  6. ^ "Precipitation Averages 1961-90 (Kristianstad code 6403)". SMHI. March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  7. ^ "Statistics from Weather Stations" (in Swedish). SMHI. March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Using Waste, Swedish City Cuts Its Fossil Fuel Use". New York Times. December 10, 2010.
  9. ^ "Twin Cities". Kristianstad. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
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