Jump to content

Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times
Traditional Chinese光復香港時代革命
Simplified Chinese光复香港,时代革命
Cantonese YaleGwōngfuhk Hēunggóng, sìhdoih gaakmihng
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuāngfù Xiānggǎng, shídài gémìng
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationGwōngfuhk Hēunggóng, sìhdoih gaakmihng
JyutpingGwong1fuk6 Hoeng1gong2, si4doi6 gaak3ming6
A flag with the slogan at an anti-extradition bill protest

"Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" (Chinese: 光復香港,時代革命; also translated variously) is a slogan used by social movements in Hong Kong. The slogan was first used in 2016 by Hong Kong Indigenous spokesman Edward Leung as his campaign theme and slogan for the 2016 New Territories East by-election. He emphasised that anyone could take part in innovation and change regardless of age, hence the use of the phrase "revolution of our times." In the legislative election held later that year, Youngspiration, which was cooperating with Hong Kong Indigenous as Leung was banned from running by the Electoral Affairs Commission, also used the slogan for their campaign.

The slogan underwent a resurgence in 2019 as Hongkongers started using it for the protests against Hong Kong's extradition bill, leading to international attention. Annie Zhang, the former editor in chief of Initium Media, said the slogan was a strong wish for an escalation of tactics and a revolution, stating the wish of protesters for "Hong Kong to become a Hong Kong for Hongkongers." In contrast, former Chief Executive of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa, pro-Beijing political parties, editor of the Global Times Hu Xijin, and Xinhua News Agency consider the slogan to involve Hong Kong independence and test the principle of "one country, two systems."

The Hong Kong government announced in an official statement on 2 July 2020 that anyone who uses the slogan can be prosecuted under the national security law which commenced on 30 June 2020.[1]

On 27 July 2021, in a landmark ruling, the first person to be charged under the law of "incitement to secession" for displaying a banner bearing the slogan was found guilty. The court ruling stated that such display of the words constituted incitement of others to commit secession.[2]

Origin

[edit]

"Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" was first suggested by Hong Kong localist camp activist Edward Leung as a slogan for social movements.[3] Leung has continually advocated Hong Kong independence and localism and self-determination,[4] considering Hong Kong to be a sovereign state, Hongkongers to be of the same group, and hoping to unite the "inner strength" of Hongkongers. At the press conference where Leung originally announced his bid for the 2016 New Territories East by-election, his campaign slogan was "Walk the talk, innovation for our generation" (知行合一,世代革新). However, campaigners brainstormed another slogan in January 2016, as they considered the original slogan to be unable to attract voters to vote, alienating younger and older generations, and that its stance was not clear enough.[5]

The term "liberate" (光復) was first used by the Guangfuhui (Restoration Society), founded in Shanghai in 1904, and by the revolutionaries of the Tongmenghui (Revolutionary Alliance), the predecessor to the Kuomintang.[6] Its first use in Hong Kong's localist movement was in Reclaim Sheung Shui Station in 2012. In its early stages, Hong Kong Indigenous was most notable for its opposition to parallel trading in Hong Kong, and its series of "liberation protests" organised in 2015 in places like Tuen Mun, Sha Tin, Yuen Long and Sheung Shui in the New Territories. Thus, the use of the term "liberate" in its campaign slogan was to remind voters of the group's use of street resistance to advocate Hongkongers' rights.[5][7] Although the by-election was held in the New Territories East constituency, "Liberate Hong Kong" was chosen over "Liberate New Territories East" (光復新東) because the latter was more difficult to pronounce. The second half of the slogan was a modification of "generational innovation" in the original slogan, with "revolution" reflecting the group's political ideals and ideological position.[5]

Between "revolution of our times" (時代革命) and "revolution of our generation" (世代革命), Leung opted for "revolution of our times" as the campaign slogan to emphasise that innovation and change can be undertaken by people of all ages,[5] and that it would not be a conflict between different generations because it only requested people to believe and embrace liberty.[8] He also pointed out that a belief in liberty is enough to embrace a new generation, and that people should grasp and advocate for their future. At the same time, he also said that many people were unwilling to give in to totalitarianism and the existing political framework, believing that they can have a government for themselves.[9] After his bid for the 2016 Hong Kong legislative election was disqualified, he said that Hong Kong had become a dictatorship, adding that revolution was the only solution to the situation at hand.[10]

Translation variations

[edit]

Various English translations of the slogan have emerged since it became more widely used by anti-establishment protesters. The English version of Edward Leung's election platform used the translation "Ignite revolution to reclaim our Hong Kong, our age."[11] Other variations include:

  • "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our time"
  • "Liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times"[12]
  • "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our age"[13]
  • "Free Hong Kong, revolution now"[14]
  • "Reclaim Hong Kong, revolution of our times"[15]

Usage

[edit]

2016 Legislative Council campaigns

[edit]
Hong Kong Indigenous politicians at a campaign press conference in 2016, wearing shirts featuring the slogan

In January 2016, Edward Leung announced his candidacy for the Legislative Council's New Territories East by-election, with the main purpose being the promotion of the ideologies of Hong Kong Indigenous and the localist camp.[5][16][17] Previously, Hong Kong Indigenous suggested "Safeguarding local values with force" in order to achieve the goal of "My city, therefore I defend it."[18] On 8 February the same year, after the Mong Kok civil unrest, Leung presented "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" and "Confronting violence with force" as campaign themes and slogans.[19][20][21][22][23] The Registration and Electoral Office allowed "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" to be listed in Leung's election platform in their election guide,[24] but refused to deliver his pamphlets for free because the Office considered the use of the terms "autonomy" and "self-rule" to be a "fundamental breach" of Article 1 of the Basic Law.[25][26]

During the election, Leung advocated the stances of "Using force to resist violence" and "Liberate Hong Kong," leading to a polarised public opinion.[22][23] Although forceful resistance and the Hong Kong independence movement attracted mainstream attention in Hong Kong, it also led to resistance from the Government of Hong Kong and the traditional pro-democracy camp.[22] After his arrest following the Mong Kok civil unrest, his popularity increased, with many in the localist camp expressing support for him.[8] He came third in the by-election, receiving 66,524 votes or 15.38% of the vote,[27] of which the majority was from young voters. Subsequently, the radical localist camp in Hong Kong represented by Leung also received support from many young people.[22]

In the LegCo election held later that year, Youngspiration also used "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" as their campaign slogan, naming three candidates including Baggio Leung and Yau Wai-ching.[28][29] After the election, the localist camp faced severe restrictions on their ability to participate in politics, with both Leung and Yau being disqualified from LegCo in the oath-taking controversy,[30] and the Hong Kong National Party, another localist group, being banned.[31] In June 2018, the High Court sentenced Leung to six years imprisonment for taking part in a riot on the night of the unrest and assaulting a police officer during the protests, while acquitting him of inciting a riot.[32]

2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

[edit]
Protesters chant the slogan while protesting outside the Hong Kong Liaison Office on 21 July 2019.

During the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests, protesters initially focused on opposing the introduction of the government-proposed extradition bill.[33] At first, they used slogans such as "Be water," "No injury, no bleeding, no arrest; no disassociation, no snitching, no blaming,"[34] "We fight on, each in his own way,"[35] "Nobody left behind," etc.[22] By mid-July, as the demonstrations had spread to more districts, the spectrum of protests widened, and the public had grown more tolerant of the use of force by protesters.[22]

Around that time, more and more young people started reminiscing Edward Leung. Protesters stuck posters reading "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" on Lennon Walls in the districts of Sha Tin and Tai Po, sometimes with "Thank You Edward Leung" written next to the posters. Protesters also commonly used the colloquial Cantonese term "攬炒," which means "mutual destruction," as well as the slogan "If we burn, you burn with us." As the protests escalated and became more frequent, "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" gained popularity as a slogan among protesters.[22]

On 21 July, protesters stormed the China Liaison Office, chanting the slogan. At around 7:45 pm, protesters hurled eggs and ink balloons at the building, with some ink hitting the building's Chinese emblem.[36] Police dispersed the crowd with tear gas and rubber bullets.[37][38] In response, political parties and LegCo members of the pro-Beijing camp issued a joint statement, in which they said the behaviour of "liberation" and "revolution" promoted Hong Kong independence and were illegal acts against the Basic Law and the principle of one country, two systems.[39]

Protesters unfurl a banner with the slogan on a footbridge over Harcourt Road in Admiralty, 5 August 2019

Protesters organised a general strike and gatherings in seven districts on 5 August. On that day, Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam condemned the slogan, saying that the slogan advocates revolution and challenges Chinese sovereignty. In response, many non-governmental organisations rebuked Lam's remarks as an attempt to defame the anti-extradition bill movement; for example, the Scholars' Alliance for Academic Freedom said that the slogan, which had been used in social movements since 2015, meant emphasising innovation and change and campaigning for rights via action; it did not carry a meaning of Hong Kong independence and did not ask for an actual revolution.[40]

A protester unfurls a handwritten banner with the slogan over a footbridge inside Hong Kong International Airport, 10 August 2019

During the Hong Kong International Airport sit-ins held between 9 and 11 August, a protester unfurled a banner carrying the slogan (modified as "Liberate HK, Revolution Now") from a footbridge inside the airport terminal. Protesters at the scene cheered and clapped, chanting the slogan multiple times. Protesters jeered and aimed laser pointers at the banner in support when Airport Authority staff requested that the banner be removed.[41]

The slogan is incorporated in the lyrics of "Glory to Hong Kong," a song created in August and soon became the anthem of the protests. When people gathered to sing the song in public, the slogan is often chanted after the song.[15]

Hearthstone controversy

[edit]

On 6 October 2019, during a post-match interview at the Hearthstone Grandmasters streaming event in Taiwan, Ng Wai Chung, a professional Hearthstone player and Hong Kong resident professionally known as "Blitzchung," donned a gas mask similar to those worn by Hong Kong protesters, and uttered the phrase "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" in Mandarin. Blitzchung's camera feed was cut off shortly after. The following day, Blizzard Entertainment, the developer of Hearthstone, announced that Blitzchung had been banned from the current tournament, forfeiting any prize money (approximately US$4,000 by that point), and was banned for any further Grandmasters tournaments for one year.[13][42][43] Blitzchung stated in an interview afterwards that he had done the act of protest because "I put so much effort in that social movement in the past few months, that I sometimes couldn't focus on preparing my Grandmaster match."[13] In addition, Blizzard terminated the contracts of the two stream casters who had been conducting the interview, "Virtual" and "Mr. Yee."[13]

Many felt that Blizzard was cautious of potential repercussions from China's government, which has been censoring any support for the Hong Kong protests, including recent actions directed towards the National Basketball Association and South Park, after the premiere of the episode "Band in China" the same week.[13] Additionally, as Blizzard is partially owned by the Chinese technology giant Tencent through Activision Blizzard, there were also concerns that the business relationship between Blizzard and Tencent was also at stake.[44] Others spoke out that Blizzard's actions were unacceptable, as it appears to make them an agent for the Chinese government.[45][46] Some United States lawmakers such as Senators Ron Wyden and Marco Rubio spoke out against the ban.[47] Several long-term players of Blizzard's games discussed a boycott of Blizzard to encourage Blizzard to revoke the ban on Blitzchung.[48] On Twitter, the hashtag #BoycottBlizzard trended worldwide, with notable participation of former Blizzard employee and World of Warcraft team lead Mark Kern,[49] who showed he was cancelling his subscription to his own game.[50] Supporters of the Hong Kong protest began to use Blizzard's own Overwatch character Mei, a Chinese native, as a sign of support for Blitzchung and the protests following the ban.[51]

The Revolution of Our Times

[edit]

In October 2019, an anonymous developer under the pseudonym "Spinner of Yarns" released the Android game The Revolution of Our Times, a choice-based story game where the player roleplays as a Hong Kong protester during 2019–2020 protests. The app was removed from the Play Store within a week of its announcement for violating Google's "sensitive events policy."[52]

Impact of the 2020 national security law

[edit]

On 1 July 2020, the day after the Hong Kong national security law entered into force, ten protesters who carried or displayed flags or banners which contained the slogan or variations of it were arrested for violating the national security law.[53][54] This included a 19-year-old male who was arrested for a sticker on his smartphone case which read "Free Hong Kong, Revolution Now," as well as stickers in his bag.[55] Also on 1 July 2020, Tong Ying-kit, a 24-year-old waiter, became the first person charged under the security law after he struck police officers with his motorcycle while carrying a flag with the slogan printed on it.[56][57]

On 2 July, the Hong Kong government issued a statement declaring the slogan as having separatist and subversive connotations, and that it may seek to prosecute those displaying or chanting the slogan under the new law.[1] The national security law, combined with the government statement on the slogan, has caused some pro-democracy businesses and media to remove material that became potentially illegal.[1] Some Hong Kong bookstores covered the phrase with tape when it appeared on book covers.[58] Dennis Kwok, the LegCo member representing the Legal functional constituency, described the government statement as literary inquisition (文字獄) and that it suppresses freedom of speech, in contrast with previous statements by the government that it would not criminalise speech.[59] Maria Tam, vice-president of the NPCSC's Basic Law Committee, said that she had long considered the slogan to be problematic, and that it was a leakage (走漏) that no candidates were disqualified from the 2019 Hong Kong local elections for using the slogan.[60]

Debate on connotations

[edit]
Graffiti of the slogan in front of the Central Government Complex in Tamar, 18 August 2019

The use of the slogan for protests initially led to significant debate online.[61] Annie Zhang [zh], the former editor in chief of Initium Media, said that the slogan was the result of the protest movement not achieving its goals, leading to a strong wish for an escalation of tactics and a revolution. She said that "the people of this generation needed Hong Kong to become a Hong Kong for Hongkongers."[22] Teddy Tang, chairman of the Hong Kong Association of the Heads of Secondary Schools [zh], said that the slogan demonstrated the belief held by protesters that what they were doing was just, and that they were willing to deal with any consequences in achieving their goals.[62]

Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former Chief Executive of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa said that protesters' behaviour began challenging the principle of "one country, two systems" and the Central People's Government's authority when the protests turned from surrounding the legislature to storming the Liaison Office and the slogans turned from "anti-extradition bill" to "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times."[33][63] Hu Xijin, editor in chief of the Global Times, published an opinion piece on Sina Weibo, in which he said that the use of the "extremist slogan" "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" by "radical protesters" in Hong Kong causes people to think of colour revolutions and the Hong Kong independence movement.[7][64] In August 2019, a Xinhua News Agency opinion piece thought that the term "liberate" demonstrated the "political conspiracy" of "radical figures" in Hong Kong, "severely challenging the baseline of 'one country, two systems'."[65]

In 2016, the Registration and Electoral Office considered "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" to be a "fundamental breach" of Article 1 of the Basic Law.[25] In 2019, chairman of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Wong Kwok thought that the slogan may potentially encourage Hong Kong independence, and that violence cannot solve problems, but would rather increase tension in society.[66] Chan Wai-keung, lecturer at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University College of Professional and Continuing Education, said that using the slogan signalled an intention of protesters to overthrow the existing regime, and that the rise of the Hong Kong independence movement had already reached a point where it affects national security.[67] Gideon Rachman of the Financial Times opined that protesters chanting the slogan and their "radical sentiment" should alarm the Government of China.[68] LegCo member Junius Ho thought that the slogan promoted Hong Kong independence and should be banned from demonstrations.[69]

Following the entering into effect of the 2020 national security law, scholars and politicians from mainland China and Hong Kong have expressed various interpretations on the slogan's connotations.[54] The Chinese word used for "liberate" in the slogan is "光復," meaning to reclaim or recapture, as opposed to "解放," the usual Chinese translation of "to liberate."[70] Tam Yiu-chung, a pro-Beijing politician and NPCSC member, expressed on a radio talk show that the term "liberate" (光復) does not carry a positive connotation and should be avoided. On the same radio programme, Albert Chen Hung-yee, a professor of the University of Hong Kong, said that there exist "grey areas" regarding the slogan, and that simply displaying or chanting the slogan may not necessarily result directly in an offence.[54] Helena Wong, a LegCo member from the Democratic Party, disputed the government's interpretation, saying that she considered the phrase "liberate Hong Kong" to mean a return to "true and uneroded one country, two systems" and freedom of speech which previously existed in Hong Kong, rather than having connotations of Hong Kong independence.[71]

On 27 July 2021, three judges specially designated by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong to try cases under the national security law convicted the first person to be charged under the law of "incitement to secession" for displaying a banner bearing the slogan. The court ruling stated that such display of the words was capable of inciting others to commit secession.[2][56]

Effect

[edit]

Some protesters who went to the Liaison Office on 21 July 2019 considered the actions that night to be a revolution, reusing the slogan "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" for the protests.[72] The slogan has been used by some candidates in the 2019 District Council elections. A number of candidates who used the slogan in Facebook posts, including Tommy Cheung, Liu Qing and Billy Chan Shiu-yeung, received letters from Returning Officers questioning the meaning of the slogan. In his publicly published response, Cheung stated that "liberate Hong Kong" referred to a return of Hong Kong to an era when citizens enjoyed various freedoms, whereas "revolution of our times" referred to a need for large social changes rather than a movement to overturn the regime.[73]

Following the July 2020 government statement on the legality of the slogan, a Facebook spokesperson said that when the company processes requests by governments to remove content, it would reject requests that violate international human rights law as much as possible.[74] Anita Yip, vice-president of the Hong Kong Bar Association, said on a radio programme that she "cannot agree" that the slogan alone is enough to prosecute a person under the national security law. She argued that the government's statement on the slogan's legality carries no legal weight and cannot be submitted as evidence in court.[75]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Davidson, Helen (2 July 2020). "'Liberate Hong Kong' slogan banned as protesters lie low". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b Lindberg, Kari Soo (27 July 2021). "Hong Kong Court Convicts Man Over Slogan Chanted by Thousands". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  3. ^ 張平和王凡 (27 July 2019). "香港抗議者的怒火正在轉向北京" (in Traditional Chinese). Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  4. ^ "香港站在時代前沿 「成為新冷戰的熱點」" (in Traditional Chinese). BBC News. 31 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e 何夢 (28 July 2019). "關於「光復香港,時代革命」" (in Traditional Chinese). VJMedia [zh]. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  6. ^ Boittout, Joachim (22 September 2019). "'Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times' - a legacy from the intellectual history of Republican China". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  7. ^ a b 朱加樟 (29 July 2019). "【逃犯條例】環時胡錫進:示威口號有顏色革命及港獨味道" (in Traditional Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  8. ^ a b "本土派站台 黃台仰未現身" (in Traditional Chinese). Ming Pao. 21 February 2016. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  9. ^ 楊婉婷、洪琦琦、梁銘康、馮普賢和黃雲娜 (20 February 2016). "【新東補選】梁天琦造勢會逾千人出席 黃毓民馮敬恩站台" (in Traditional Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  10. ^ "雖簽確認書仍被拒參選立會,梁天琦指「革命是唯一方法」" (in Traditional Chinese). Initium Media. 2 August 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  11. ^ "Introduction to Candidate: LEUNG Tin-kei Edward". Electoral Affairs Commission Official Website. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018.
  12. ^ "liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times 光復香港,時代革命". Resources for Interpreting. The University of Hong Kong. 9 August 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e Porter, Jon (8 October 2019). "Hearthstone player banned for supporting Hong Kong protesters during live stream". The Verge. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  14. ^ "This photo has been doctored to rid the flag of the original pro-democracy message". AFP Fact Check. 30 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  15. ^ a b "Singing showdowns in Hong Kong pit the city's unofficial new anthem against China's". Quartz. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  16. ^ "【港獨登場.上】他們是何時變成「獨派」的?" (in Traditional Chinese). Stand News. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  17. ^ 劉子維 (7 September 2016). "從香港立法會選舉再看「今日香港明日台灣」" (in Traditional Chinese). BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  18. ^ 顧爾德 (17 February 2016). "【魚蛋革命】一顆魚蛋 撞出香港政治運動新舞台" (in Traditional Chinese). The Journalist (Taiwan) [zh]. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  19. ^ "為理念獻身拒潛逃 梁天琦自言非英雄" (in Traditional Chinese). Ming Pao. 19 May 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  20. ^ "【Emily】梁天琦獄中語港人:勿被仇恨支配 保持警覺思考" (in Traditional Chinese). Ming Pao. 30 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  21. ^ "旺角騷亂案判6年 梁天琦公開信:不要被仇恨支配" (in Traditional Chinese). Liberty Times. 29 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h 張潔平 (27 July 2019). "香港49日 危城終局?反送中運動來到臨界點" (in Traditional Chinese). CommonWealth Magazine [zh]. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  23. ^ a b "參選立會要簽「反對港獨」確認書,香港本土派稱即便簽字也不改主張" (in Traditional Chinese). Initium Media. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  24. ^ 梁卓怡和馮巧欣 (29 January 2016). "【新東補選】六人非住新界東 梁天琦政綱寫「革命」過關" (in Traditional Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  25. ^ a b 湯惠芸 (4 December 2016). "年終回顧:香港新興政黨推動港獨自決" (in Traditional Chinese). Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  26. ^ Hong Kong Indigenous (15 February 2016). "Registration and Electoral Office abuses authority and tramples freedom, High Degree of Autonomy is left burnt and vanishes". Facebook. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  27. ^ "2016 Legislative Council Geographical Constituency New Territories By-election - Election Result". Electoral Affairs Commission. 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  28. ^ "就職宣誓在即自決派料有動作" (in Traditional Chinese). Oriental Daily News. 6 September 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  29. ^ "被批無政治智慧 梁頌恆:歷史自有公論" (in Traditional Chinese). Ming Pao. 18 November 2016. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  30. ^ "Hong Kong court rules localist lawmakers must vacate Legco seats". South China Morning Post. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  31. ^ Cheng, Kris (24 September 2018). "Pro-independence party officially banned by Hong Kong gov't in historic move restricting freedom of assembly". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  32. ^ Cheung, Karen (11 June 2018). "Localist Edward Leung sentenced to six years in jail over Mong Kok unrest participation". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  33. ^ a b "董建華指美台將港變反中棋子" (in Traditional Chinese). Sing Tao Daily. 1 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  34. ^ Mo, Claudia (9 September 2019). "名人教英文:不割席、不篤灰". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  35. ^ Mo, Claudia (2 September 2019). "名人教英文:兄弟爬山,各自努力". Ming Pao (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  36. ^ Cheng, Kris (21 July 2019). "Hong Kong activists hurl eggs, ink balloons at top China office, after huge anti-extradition law demo". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  37. ^ "向中共國徽潑墨,「光復香港,時代革命」響徹中西環|警察開36槍橡膠子彈" (in Traditional Chinese). Local Press [zh]. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  38. ^ "721全紀錄:示威者塗污中聯辦,上環警方開槍驅散,元朗白衣人無差別襲擊市民" (in Traditional Chinese). Initium Media. 21 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  39. ^ 謝梓楓和余美霞 (22 July 2019). "黑勢力活動傳言四起,各區恐慌;林鄭譴責中聯辦、元朗事件,記者一度鼓噪:「你無答問題」" (in Traditional Chinese). Initium Media. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  40. ^ "【逃犯條例】團體促林鄭停止抹黑反修例運動為「港獨」". am730. 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  41. ^ "【反修例】萬人接機集會逾千人坐滿接機大堂 鐳射筆射「光復香港時代革命」直幡 - 香港經濟日報 - TOPick - 新聞 - 社會". Hong Kong Economic Times. Archived from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  42. ^ Zialcita, Paolo (8 October 2019). "Blizzard Entertainment Bans Esports Player After Pro-Hong Kong Comments". NPR. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  43. ^ Needleman, Sarah E. (8 October 2019). "Activision Suspends Esports Player Who Backed Hong Kong Protesters". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  44. ^ Hunter, Gregor Stuart; Huang, Zheping (8 October 2019). "Blizzard Bans Gamer, Rescinds Money, on Hong Kong Protest Support". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  45. ^ Beauchamp, Zack (8 October 2019). "One of America's biggest gaming companies is acting as China's censor". Vox. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  46. ^ Minotti, Mike (8 October 2019). "Blizzard failed to make a stand for anything but China and money". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  47. ^ Kelly, Makena (8 October 2019). "After Hearthstone player's ban, Blizzard is in hot water with lawmakers". The Verge. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  48. ^ Campbell, Colin (8 October 2019). "After Hearthstone player's ban, fans call for a Blizzard boycott". Polygon. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  49. ^ Huang, Zheping; Hunter, Gregor (9 October 2019). "Gamers Call for Boycott of Blizzard After Hong Kong Protest Ban". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  50. ^ Victor, Daniel (9 October 2019). "Blizzard Sets Off Backlash for Penalizing Hearthstone Gamer in Hong Kong". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  51. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (9 October 2019). "Overwatch's Mei Is Becoming A Symbol Of The Hong Kong Resistance". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  52. ^ Tong, Elson (10 October 2019). "'Revolution of Our Times': Hong Kong protester role-playing game suspended from Google Play Store". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  53. ^ "警方拘捕約370人 當中10人涉嫌違反港區國安法". RTHK (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  54. ^ a b c "港府深夜定调:"光复香港 时代革命"口号违法". Deutsche Welle (in Chinese (China)). 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  55. ^ "最少 10 人涉違《國安法》被捕 家屬:兒子僅手機貼「光時」貼紙、袋藏文宣". Stand News (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  56. ^ a b Ho, Kelly (27 July 2021). "Activist Tong Ying-kit found guilty in Hong Kong's first national security trial". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  57. ^ Ramzy, Austin (27 July 2021). "Hong Kong Protester Is Convicted in First Trial Under Tough Security Law". New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  58. ^ Bookstores selling political books cover the words "Liberate Hong Kong" Archived 23 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine HK01 4 July 2020
  59. ^ "港區國安法|政府聲明稱「光復香港」港獨含義 郭榮鏗:文字獄". Ming Pao (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  60. ^ "港區國安法|譚惠珠︰「光復香港」口號有問題 區議會選舉無人被DQ屬「走漏」". Ming Pao (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  61. ^ 廖漢原 (29 July 2019). "反送中遍地開花 示威者呼喊時代革命" (in Traditional Chinese). Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  62. ^ "公僕分化 醞釀罷工" (in Traditional Chinese). Oriental Daily News. 29 July 2019. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  63. ^ 莊恭南 (31 July 2019). "【逃犯條例】董建華指運動組織精密 台美或為幕後推手(附全文)" (in Traditional Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  64. ^ "【逆權運動】《人民日報》社評指民陣「港獨屬性」暴露無遺 岑子杰斥:文章錯得離譜" (in Traditional Chinese). Apple Daily. 29 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  65. ^ "新华时评:严重挑战"一国两制"原则底线难逃法律的审判". www.xinhuanet.com (in Chinese (China)). 20 August 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  66. ^ 梁妍玲 (1 August 2019). "【逃犯條例】市民發起罷工不合作運動 工聯會籲公務員堅守崗位" (in Traditional Chinese). HK01. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  67. ^ "國防部首度警告 衝擊一國兩制不能容忍 港府可要求出動解放軍" (in Traditional Chinese). Oriental Daily News. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  68. ^ Rachman, Gideon (29 July 2019). "Hong Kong is a flashpoint in the new cold war". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 September 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  69. ^ 鄭寶生 (23 September 2019). "【逃犯條例】何君堯倡遞解「外籍示威指揮」出境 禁「港獨」標語". 香港01. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  70. ^ "Cambridge Dictionary". Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  71. ^ "黃碧雲:「光復香港」是要回沒走樣變形的「一國兩制」 - RTHK". RTHK (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  72. ^ 梁越 (25 July 2019). "【721他們站在最前線】 催淚彈橡膠子彈主動來回進擊 示威者只因一句口號:光復香港 時代革命!" (in Traditional Chinese). Next Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  73. ^ "張秀賢、劉青等人收選舉主任信件 要求解釋FB上的「光復香港,時代革命」". Hong Kong Citizen News (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 15 October 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  74. ^ "政府稱「光復香港 時代革命」涉港獨 facebook:盡量拒絕政府違人權法移除內容請求". Ming Pao (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  75. ^ "葉巧琦不同意單以「光復香港時代革命」口號判違國安法 - RTHK". RTHK (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 4 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.