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List of Jewish ghettos in Europe during World War II

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List of Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe
The World War II ghettos established by Nazi Germany in which Jews were confined existed across the continent; their inmates were later shipped to Nazi concentration camps
Eastern Europe
Total
more than 1,000 ghettos [1]

This article is a partial list of selected Jewish ghettos created by the Nazis for the purpose of isolating, exploiting and finally, eradicating Jewish population (and sometimes Gypsies) on territories they controlled. Most of the prominent ghettos listed here were set up by the Third Reich and its allies in the course of World War II. In total, according to USHMM archives, "The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone." Therefore, the examples are intended only to illustrate their scope across Eastern and Western Europe.[2]

In Europe

Main article: Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe

Large Nazi ghettos in which Jews were confined existed across the continent. These ghettos were liquidated mostly by Holocaust transports to concentration and extermination camps built by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland.[1]

German-occupied Poland

Main article: Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland

Following the 1939 Invasion of Poland, the new ghetto system had been imposed by Nazi Germany roughly between October 1939 and July 1942 in order to confine Poland's Jewish population of 3.5 million for the purpose of persecution, terror, and exploitation.[3] The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe, with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), or 7.2 persons per room.[4] The Łódź Ghetto was the second largest, holding about 160,000 inmates.[5]

A more complete list of over 270 ghettos with approximate number of prisoners, dates of creation and liquidation, as well as known deportation routes to Extermination camps, is available at Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. Below, selected Nazi German designations, in brackets.

Part of a series on
The Holocaust
Jews on selection ramp at Auschwitz, May 1944
Responsibility
Nazi Germany
People
Organizations
Nazi ideologues
Early policies
Victims
Ghettos
Camps
Nazi extermination camps
Nazi concentration camps
Transit and collection camps
Belgium
France
Italy
Netherlands
Slovakia
Divisions
Extermination methods
Atrocities
Pogroms
Einsatzgruppen
"Final Solution"
End of World War II
Resistance
Ghetto uprisings
International response
Aftermath
Lists
Resources
Remembrance

Other occupied countries

See also

  • Outside Europe: Shanghai Ghetto (1942/43 - 1945, by the Japanese Administration; no transfers to German concentrationcamps)[6]

References

  1. ^ a b The Ghettos. Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority
  2. ^ Types of Ghettos. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.
  3. ^ The statistical data compiled on the basis of "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" Archived 2016-02-08 at the Wayback Machine by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews  Template:En icon, as well as "Getta Żydowskie," by Gedeon,  Template:Pl icon and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm  Template:En icon. Accessed June 21, 2011.
  4. ^ Warsaw Ghetto, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, D.C.
  5. ^ Ghettos, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
  6. ^ Shanghai Jewish History Archived 2010-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, Proclamation Concerning Restriction of Residence and Business of Stateless Refugees. (Shanghai Jewish Center)

Bibliography

  • Megargee, Geoffrey P., ed. (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. in association with United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253355997. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editorlink1= ignored (|editor-link1= suggested) (help)
  • Spector, Shmuel; Wigoder, Geoffrey, eds. (2001). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814793565.
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