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Marlee Matlin

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Marlee Matlin
Matlin in 2009
Born (1965-08-24) August 24, 1965 (age 59)
Morton Grove, Illinois, U.S.
OccupationActress
Years active1986–present
Spouse
Kevin Grandalski
​
(m. 1993)​
Children4
AwardsFull list

Marlee Matlin (born August 24, 1965) is an American actress. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, in addition to nominations for a BAFTA Award, and four Primetime Emmy Awards.

Deaf since she was 18 months old,[1] Matlin made her acting debut playing Sarah Norman in the romantic drama film Children of a Lesser God (1986), winning the Academy Award for Best Actress. She is the first deaf performer to win an Academy Award, as well as the youngest winner in the Best Actress category.[2][3][4][5] Matlin starred in the police drama series Reasonable Doubts (1991–1993), which earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations, and her guest roles in Seinfeld (1993), Picket Fences (1993), The Practice (2000), and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2004–05) earned her four Primetime Emmy Award nominations. For her role in CODA (2021), she won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.

Matlin is a prominent member of the National Association of the Deaf, and her interpreter is Jack Jason.[6][7] In 2009, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Early life

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Matlin was born in Morton Grove, Illinois, on August 24, 1965, to Libby (née Hammer; 1930–2020)[8] and Donald Matlin (1930–2013), who was an automobile dealer.[9] Matlin lost all hearing in her right ear and 80% of the hearing in her left ear at the age of 18 months due to illness and fevers. In her autobiography I'll Scream Later, she suggests that her hearing loss may have been due to a genetically malformed cochlea.[10] She is the only member of her family who is deaf. She has a sense of humor about her deafness: "Often I'm talking to people through my speakerphone, and after 10 minutes or so they say, 'Wait a minute, Marlee, how can you hear me?' They forget I have an interpreter there who is signing to me as they talk. So I say, 'You know what? I can hear on Wednesdays.'"[11][12]

Matlin and her two older brothers, Eric and Marc, grew up in a Reform Jewish household. Her family roots are in Poland and Russia.[13][14] Matlin attended a synagogue for the Deaf (Congregation Bene Shalom), and after studying Hebrew phonetically, was able to learn her Torah portion for her Bat Mitzvah. She was later interviewed for the book Mazel Tov: Celebrities' Bar and Bat Mitzvah Memories.[15] She graduated from John Hersey High School in Arlington Heights and attended Harper College in Palatine, Illinois.[16] She had planned a career in criminal justice.[17] In her autobiography, Matlin described two instances in which she was molested: by a babysitter at age 11, and by a teacher in high school.[18]

Career

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Matlin in 1989

Matlin made her stage debut at the age of seven, as Dorothy in an International Center on Deafness and the Arts (ICODA) children's theatre production of The Wizard of Oz,[19] and continued to appear with the ICODA children's theatre group throughout her childhood.[20] At the age of thirteen, she won second prize in the Chicago Center's Annual International Creative Arts Festival for an essay titled, "If I Was not a Movie Star."

She was discovered by Henry Winkler during one of her ICODA theater performances, which ultimately led to her film debut in Children of a Lesser God (1986).[21] The film received generally positive reviews and Matlin's performance as Sarah Norman, a reluctant-to-speak deaf woman who falls for a hearing man, drew high praise: Richard Schickel of Time magazine wrote: "[Matlin] has an unusual talent for concentrating her emotions -- and an audience's -- in her signing. But there is something more here, an ironic intelligence, a fierce but not distancing wit, that the movies, with their famous ability to photograph thought, discover in very few performances."[22] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times was also impressed with Matlin, writing, "She holds her own against the powerhouse she's acting with, carrying scenes with a passion and almost painful fear of being rejected and hurt, which is really what her rebellion is about,"[23] and Paul Attasanio of The Washington Post said, "The most obvious challenge of the role is to communicate without speaking, but Matlin rises to it in the same way the stars of the silent era did -- she acts with her eyes, her gestures."[24] Children of a Lesser God brought her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama and an Academy Award for Best Actress. Only 21 years old at the time, Matlin remains the youngest actress to receive the Oscar in the Best Actress category. She was the only Deaf nominee and recipient in any category for 36 years until 2022, when deaf actor and filmmaker Troy Kotsur won for Best Supporting Actor for his role in CODA, in which Matlin also played a supporting role.[25]

Two years later, she made a guest appearance on Sesame Street with Billy Joel performing a revised version of "Just the Way You Are" with lyrics by Tony Geiss.[26] Matlin used sign language during the song and hugged Oscar the Grouch during the song's conclusion. One year after that, Billy Joel invited her to perform in his video for "We Didn't Start the Fire".[27] In 1989, Matlin portrayed a deaf widow in the television movie Bridge to Silence. In that role, she spoke in addition to using sign language. People magazine did not like the film, but praised Matlin's work, writing, "the beautiful, emotionally moving Matlin is too good for this well-intentioned but sentimental slop."[28] Matlin attended the 1988 Oscars to present the Academy Award for Best Actor. After signing her introduction in ASL, she spoke aloud the names of the nominees and of Michael Douglas, the winner.

External videos
video icon Ted Koppel speaks with Gregory Hlibok, Elizabeth Zinser and Marlee Matlin on ABC's Nightline on March 9, 1988, Youtube video

Matlin was nominated for a Golden Globe for her work as the lead female role in the television series Reasonable Doubts (1991–1993). Matlin was nominated for an Emmy Award for a guest appearance in Picket Fences (1992) and became a regular on that series during its final season (1996). She played Carrie Buck in the 1994 television drama Against Her Will: The Carrie Buck Story, based on the 1927 United States Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200. In that role, Matlin portrayed a hearing woman for the first time in her career, which earned her a CableACE nomination for Best Actress.[29] She had a prominent supporting role in the drama It's My Party (1996). She later had recurring roles in The West Wing, and Blue's Clues. Other television appearances include Seinfeld ("The Lip Reader"), The Outer Limits ("The Message"), ER, The Practice, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. She was nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards for her guest appearances in Seinfeld, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and The Practice.[30]

Matlin as one of the presenters at the 2014 AHA Hero Dog Awards

In 2004, she hosted the 3rd Annual Festival for Cinema of the Deaf in Chicago.[31][32] That same year, she also starred in the movie What the Bleep Do We Know!? as Amanda. In 2006, she played a deaf parent in Desperate Housewives. She had a recurring role in My Name Is Earl as public defender for Joy Turner (who made many jokes about Matlin's deafness at Matlin's expense), and played the mother of one of the victims in an episode of CSI: NY. That same year, Matlin was cast in season 4 of The L Word as Jodi Lerner, a lesbian sculptor and girlfriend of one of the show's protagonists, Bette Porter, played by Jennifer Beals.[30]

On February 4, 2007, and February 7, 2016, Matlin interpreted the "Star Spangled Banner" in American Sign Language at Super Bowl XLI in Miami, Florida, and at Super Bowl 50 in Santa Clara, California, respectively. In January 2008, she appeared on Nip/Tuck as a television executive.[30] In 2008, Matlin participated as a competitor in the sixth season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars. Her dance partner was newcomer Fabian Sanchez. Matlin and Sanchez were the sixth couple eliminated from the competition.[33]

On May 6, 2009, Matlin received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[34] On November 8, 2009, Matlin appeared on Seth & Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show, hosted by Seth MacFarlane and Alex Borstein. After Borstein imitated Matlin calling MovieFone and singing "Poker Face," Matlin herself appeared and launched into a comical tirade against Borstein over being made fun of, and how she was not invited to provide her own voice for Family Guy. Matlin went on to voice Stella, Peter Griffin's coworker, in the Season 10 episode "The Blind Side;" Stella later became a recurring character.

In 2010, Matlin produced a pilot for a reality show she titled My Deaf Family, which she presented to various national network executives. Although they expressed interest, no network purchased rights to the show. On March 29, 2010, Matlin uploaded the pilot to YouTube and launched a viral marketing campaign.[35] Matlin played the recurring character of Melody Bledsoe on Switched at Birth. In 2013, Matlin played herself in No Ordinary Hero: The SuperDeafy Movie. In September 2015, she made her Broadway debut in the revival production of the musical Spring Awakening.[36]

Beginning in 2017, Matlin played the recurring role of Harriet on the Syfy television series, The Magicians.[37] On July 31, 2017, it was announced by Deadline that Matlin joined as a series regular in the third season of the ABC thriller Quantico. She starred in the role of ex-FBI agent Jocelyn Turner.[38] In 2019, Matlin was mentioned in an article by Hearing Like Me[39] as somebody that could bring more #DeafTalent to "Life and Deaf," a new comedy show set in the 1970s that aims to explore the life of a kid with deaf parents. This show was to be executive produced by Marlee Matlin according to Deadline.[40] In 2021, Matlin appeared in CODA, an American comedy-drama film that follows a hearing teenage girl who is a child of deaf adults (CODA for short). The film stars Emilia Jones as the hearing girl, with Matlin and Troy Kotsur as her culturally deaf parents and Daniel Durant as her deaf brother; the role won her the SAG Award for Best Ensemble.[41]

Other ventures

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Matlin is actively involved with charitable organizations such as Easter Seals (where she was appointed an Honorary board member), the Children Affected by AIDS Foundation, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, VSA arts, and the Red Cross Celebrity Cabinet.[42] She has been a strong advocate for the rights of deaf people, accepting television roles only if producers commit to caption the films, remaining openminded and respectful of both signed and spoken communication preferences, and promoting telephone equipment specifically designed for deaf persons. She has testified before the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources in support of the establishment of the National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders. Matlin has also been active in the fight against AIDS, the "Victory Awards" for the National Rehabilitation Hospital, and other causes.[17]

Matlin in 1999

Matlin was appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1994 as a member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation for National and Community Service and served as chair of National Volunteer Week.[43] Matlin was a participant in the first-ever national television advertising campaign supporting donations to Jewish federations. The program featured "film and television personalities celebrating their Jewish heritage and promoting charitable giving to the Jewish community" and included Greg Grunberg, Joshua Malina, Kevin Weisman, and Jonathan Silverman.[44] Matlin is also a lifetime member of Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America.[45] Matlin has been a frequent guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World.[46]

On July 26, 2010, Matlin signed a speech at an event commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act.[47] In the following year, Matlin was a finalist on the NBC show The Celebrity Apprentice, competing to win money for her charity, The Starkey Hearing Foundation,[48] finishing in second place. However, on one episode of The Celebrity Apprentice, "The Art of the Deal", which was transmitted on April 3, 2011, she raised more funds than had ever been raised for charity in a single event on any television show before, $986,000.[49] Donald Trump, who was then hosting The Celebrity Apprentice, donated an additional $14,000 to make the contribution an even million.[49]

As of January 2015, Matlin acts as the ACLU's celebrity ambassador for disability rights.[50] As a "celebrity ambassador" for the ACLU, in attempts to bridge the gap between law enforcement and the deaf community, Matlin discussed the communication barriers when deaf individuals are stopped by the police.[51]

Personal life

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Matlin married Burbank police officer Kevin Grandalski on August 29, 1993, at the home of actor Henry Winkler.[52] The couple first met while she was filming a scene from Reasonable Doubts outside the studio grounds; the police department had assigned Grandalski to provide security and control traffic.[53] They have four children: Sarah (born 1996), Brandon (born 2000), Tyler (born 2002), and Isabelle (born 2003).[54]

In 2002, Matlin published her first novel, titled Deaf Child Crossing, which was loosely based on her own childhood. She later wrote and published a sequel titled Nobody's Perfect, produced on stage at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in partnership with VSA Arts in October 2007.

On April 14, 2009, Matlin's autobiography, I'll Scream Later, was published. In it, she describes her drug abuse and how it drove her to check herself into the Betty Ford Center. She also tells about her rocky, two-year relationship with her significantly older Children of a Lesser God co-star William Hurt, who she says physically abused and raped her.[55] She also addresses the sexual abuse she suffered as a child at the hands of her female babysitter.[56]

Filmography

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Main article: Marlee Matlin filmography

Following her breakout role in Children of a Lesser God, Matlin has made occasional film appearances (mostly due to lack of substantial roles for deaf actors), but has focused most of her work in television. This includes starring in the police drama series Reasonable Doubts, Sesame Street and playing Mayor Laurie Bey in Picket Fences, pollster Joey Lucas in The West Wing, Ruby Whitlow in My Name Is Earl, Jodi Lerner in The L Word, and Melody Bledsoe in Switched at Birth. Her numerous guest appearances have included Seinfeld, The Practice, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Matlin has also competed on the game shows Dancing with the Stars and The Celebrity Apprentice.

Awards and nominations

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Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Marlee Matlin

In recognition of her philanthropic work and her advocacy for the inclusion of people with disabilities, Matlin received the 2016 Morton E. Ruderman Award in Inclusion, a $120,000 prize given annually by Jay Ruderman of the Ruderman Family Foundation to one individual whose work excels at promoting disability inclusion. She won the Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards for disability advocacy in 2014.[57] She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God. She was the only deaf performer to have won an Academy Award until 2022 when Troy Kotsur received the award for best supporting actor.

In 1991, Matlin received the Bernard Bragg Young Artists Achievement Award at the Annual International Creative Arts Festival sponsored by the Center on Deafness in Chicago.[17] Matlin received an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters degree from Gallaudet University in 1987.[58][59][60] In October 2007, she was appointed to the Gallaudet University Board of Trustees.[60] In 1988, Matlin received the Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[61][62]

Published works

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  • Matlin, Marlee (2004). Deaf Child Crossing. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0689866968.
  • Matlin, Marlee; Cooney, Doug (2007). Leading Ladies. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0689869877.
  • Matlin, Marlee; Cooney, Doug (2007). Nobody's Perfect. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1416949763.
  • Matlin, Marlee (2009). I'll Scream Later. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment. ISBN 978-1439102855.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Matlin, Marlee (2009). I'll Scream Later. Simon and Schuster. p. 3. ISBN 9781439117637. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  2. ^ Renfro, Kim. "The 31 youngest Oscar nominees of all time". Insider. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  3. ^ Evry, Max. "The 25 Youngest Oscar Nominees of All Time". MTV News. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  4. ^ "The 59th Academy Awards Memorable Moments". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. August 26, 2014. Archived from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  5. ^ "Oscars: Marlee Matlin on her Best Actress win". Entertainment Weekly. February 21, 2012. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  6. ^ "Marlee Matlin: 'Do What You Have To Do'" Archived June 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, NPR, August 11, 2010.
  7. ^ Rick Rojas, "Jack Jason gives voice to, but doesn't talk over, Marlee Matlin", Los Angeles Times, May 21, 2011.
  8. ^ Libby Matlin obituary, Chicago Tribune Archived February 23, 2022, at the Wayback Machine accessed 2-22-22
  9. ^ "Inside Actress Marlee Matlin's Silent World". Good Morning America. ABC. April 14, 2009. p. 4. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  10. ^ Matlin, Marlee (2009). I'll Scream Later. Simon and Schuster. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9781439117637. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  11. ^ Sterman, Paul (July 2006). "Marlee Matlin - An Interview". ABILITY Magazine. Archived from the original on October 25, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  12. ^ Helling, Steve (October 14, 2016). "Marlee Matlin Addresses Reports that Donald Trump Called Her 'Retarded': 'The Term is Abhorrent'". People. Archived from the original on April 14, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  13. ^ Schleier, Curt, "No challenge goes unmet for Deaf actress Marlee Matlin" Archived November 3, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Jewish News Weekly, January 19, 2007.
  14. ^ Matlin, Marlee (2009). I'll Scream Later. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781439117637. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  15. ^ "Mazel Tov: Celebrities' Bar and Bat Mitzvah Memories" Archived December 17, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Amazon.com. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  16. ^ Heidemann, Jason A. "Vital signs" Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Time Out Chicago, October 4, 2007.
  17. ^ a b c Lang, Harry; Meath-Lang, Bonnie (1995). Deaf Persons in the Arts and Sciences. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 244–247. ISBN 9780313291708.
  18. ^ Matlin, Marlee (2010). I'll Scream Later (First ed.). London, England: Gallery Books. pp. 56–61. ISBN 978-1439171516.
  19. ^ "A gateway to arts for the deaf". 4hearingloss.com. August 18, 2006. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  20. ^ Stark, John (October 20, 1986). "Deaf Actress Marlee Matlin Broke the Sound Barrier with New Love and Lesser God Co-Star Bill Hurt". People. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  21. ^ "Why Marlee Matlin and Henry Winkler are captivating audiences". Greater Talent. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
  22. ^ Schickel, Richard (June 21, 2005). "Miracle Worker: CHILDREN OF A LESSER GOD". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2012. Subscription required.
  23. ^ Ebert, Roger (October 3, 1986). "Children Of A Lesser God". Chicago Sun Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  24. ^ Attasanio, Paul (October 3, 1986). "Children of a Lesser God". Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  25. ^ "Deaf actor Kotsur wins Oscar for supporting role in 'CODA'". AP NEWS. March 28, 2022. Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  26. ^ "Throwback: Sesame Street: Billy Joel And Marlee Matlin Sing Just The Way You Are". billyjoel.com. November 16, 2009. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  27. ^ Tyler, Marc (July 29, 2014). "The Girl in the Video: 'We Didn't Start The Fire'". Billyjoel.com. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  28. ^ "John Stark. Picks and Pans Review: A Bridge to Silence. People magazine. April 9, 1989". Archived from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  29. ^ Against Her Will: The Carrie Buck Story (1994) at IMDb
  30. ^ a b c "Marlee Matlin". TVGuide.com. TV Guide. Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  31. ^ "Festival for Cinema of the Deaf". Chicago Reader. October 14, 2004. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  32. ^ "Chicago Institute for the Moving Image". Archived from the original on September 14, 2004. Retrieved March 13, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  33. ^ "Marlee Matlin Signs Off from Dancing". People. April 23, 2008. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  34. ^ "Marlee Matlin receives Walk of Fame star" Archived September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Los Angeles Independent, May 6, 2009.
  35. ^ "Marlee Matlin Launches My Deaf Family on YouTube". Insidetv.aol.com. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  36. ^ Gioia, Michael; Viagas, Robert (July 21, 2015). "Children of a Lesser God Oscar Winner Marlee Matlin Will Make Broadway Debut in Spring Awakening". Playbill. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  37. ^ Serrao, Nivea (February 9, 2017). "Marlee Matlin to cast her spell on The Magicians". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
  38. ^ Petski, Denise (July 31, 2017). "'Quantico': Marlee Matlin Cast in Season 3 of ABC Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  39. ^ "Marlee Matlin to star in Disney's 'Life and Deaf'". Hearing Like Me. July 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  40. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (July 3, 2019). "Marlee Matlin To Star In Comedy 'Life And Deaf' Eyed by Disney+ From Lizzy Weiss, Patricia Heaton & CBS TV Studios". Deadline. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  41. ^ Schneider, Michael (November 24, 2021). "SAG Awards Changes Venue as Show Returns to In-Person Event in 2022". Variety. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  42. ^ "Marlee Matlin, The Gift of Silence: A Conversation with Marlee Matlin". Voices Inc.com. April 4, 2007. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007.
  43. ^ "Marlee Matlin Biography". The Kennedy Center. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
  44. ^ "Film and Television Celebrities Promote Jewish Federations in First-Ever National Television Advertising Campaign – Jewish Stars Promote Federations' Initiatives and Mission" Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Jewish Federations of North America, August 2, 2004.
  45. ^ "Marlee Matlin". June 8, 2022. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  46. ^ OrlandoSentinel Disney Adds Martlin to Candlelight accessed 08-19-2023
  47. ^ 20th Anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act Archived May 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The White House. [1]
  48. ^ "The Celebrity Apprentice". Hulu. Archived from the original on October 15, 2016.
  49. ^ a b "SignTalk Joins Fundraiser for Marlee Matlin's Cause..." Archived March 19, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, disabled-world.com, May 12, 2011.
  50. ^ "ACLU Ambassadors – Marlee Matlin". aclu.olrg (American Civil Liberties Union). Archived from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  51. ^ "Marlee Matlin on Deaf And Police Interaction". ACLU. March 22, 2018. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  52. ^ "Weddings of the Year". People. 42 (4). July 25, 1994. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  53. ^ Lipton, Michael A. (March 15, 1993). "Law and Ardor". People. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  54. ^ Rizzo, Monica (March 28, 2008). "At Home with Marlee Matlin". People. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  55. ^ William Hurt (April 14, 2009). "William Hurt to Marlee Matlin: "I Apologize for Any Pain I Caused"". E!. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  56. ^ "Marlee Matlin: Baby sitter's abuse led to life of drugs, violence". CNN. April 14, 2009. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
  57. ^ "2014 Henry Viscardi Achievement Award Recipients". Viscardi Center. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  58. ^ "Transcript of honorary degree ceremony at Gallaudet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  59. ^ "Photo in 1987 Gallaudet Tower Clock yearbook" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  60. ^ a b Profile: Marlee Matlin. Gallaudet University. Access date: December 26, 2007.
  61. ^ "Past Winners – Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under". jeffersonawards.org. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  62. ^ Rubin, James H. (June 21, 1988). "Koop, Marlee Matlin Win Awards for Public Service". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

Further reading

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