Otto Kittel
Otto Kittel | |
---|---|
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Born | Kronsdorf, Sudetenland | 21 February 1917
Died | 14 or 16 February 1945 (aged 27) Džūkste, Latvia |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | Template:Luftwaffe |
Years of service | 1939–45 |
Rank | Oberleutnant |
Unit | JG 54 |
Commands | 2./JG 54 EJGr Ost |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Otto Kittel (21 February 1917 – 14 or 16 February 1945) was a German fighter pilot during World War II. He flew 583 combat missions on the Eastern Front, claiming 267 aerial victories, making him the fourth highest scoring ace in aviation history according to authors John Weal and Jerry Scutts.[1][2] Kittel claimed all of his victories against the Red Air Force.[3]
Kittel joined the Luftwaffe in 1939, and, in spring 1941, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) supporting Army Group North on the Eastern Front. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 October 1943, for reaching 120 aerial victories. During the remainder of World War II, Kittel was credited with 144 more aerial victories and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. He was shot down by Soviet aircraft and killed in February 1945. Kittel was the most successful German fighter pilot to be killed in action.[4]
Personal life
Kittel was born on 21 February 1917 in Sudeten Silesia, Austria-Hungary. After working briefly as an auto mechanic, Kittel joined the Luftwaffe in 1939.[5] Kittel married his fiancé, Edith, in June 1942; the couple had a son, born in 1945.[6]
World War II
Kittel's first operations were air superiority missions in support of the German invasion of Yugoslavia, including the bombing of Belgrade,[7] which killed up to 17,000 civilians,[8] destroyed the National Library of Serbia,[9] and damaged the Belgrade Zoo.[10] For Operation Barbarossa, JG 54 was moved to East Prussia, in early June 1941. The unit supported Army Group North in its advance through the Baltic states towards Leningrad.[11] On 24 June 1941, Kittel claimed his first two aerial victories, two Tupolev SB-2 bombers.[12] His tally had risen to 19 by May 1942.[13] On 19 February 1943, Kittel achieved his 39th victory.[14]
During the fighting in 1943, JG 54 took part in the spring battles over the Crimea Peninsula, Vyazma-Bryansk, Vitebsk, Kharkov, Orsha and Orel regions. During the Battle of Kursk, Kittel's unit escorted Junkers Ju 87 Stukas of a dive bomber wing commanded by Hans-Ulrich Rudel.[15] On 14 September 1943, Kittel claimed his 100th aerial victory, a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter.[16] The 53rd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark,[17] he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 29 October 1943.[18] On 1 November 1943, Kittel was promoted to the rank of Leutnant (second lieutenant).[19]
In early April 1944, Kittel achieved his 150th aerial victory. On April 14, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) for his 152nd aerial victory, claimed on 12 April. Kittel received the Oak Leaves from Adolf Hitler at the Berghof on 5 May 1944.[20] In May 1944, the 2 wing was transferred to augment the 3rd group of JG 54 fighting on the Western Front to provide air defense over Germany against Allied aerial attacks. In August 1944, Kittel was appointed squadron leader.[21] Kittel was credited with his 200th aerial victory on 23 August 1944.[22] He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 25 November 1944.[23]
On 14 or 16 February 1945, Kittel took off with his wing flying Fw 190 to engage a formation of 14 Shturmovik aircraft over the Courland Pocket.[22] His wingman later reported that his aircraft was hit, descended towards the ground on fire and crashed in flames.[14] The site of the crash is believed to have been 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) south-west of Džūkste in Latvia.[21]
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 265 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. All of his aerial victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.[24] Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 44793". The Luftwaffe grid map covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.[25]
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Kittel an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Kittel did not receive credit.
This and the ! (exclamation mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Matthews and Foreman.
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory | Date | Time | Type | Location | Victory | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[26] | |||||||||
1 | 24 June 1941 | 05:19 | SB-2[12] | 64 | 9 July 1943 | 12:13 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63533[27] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Maloarkhangelsk | |
2 | 24 June 1941 | 05:42 | SB-2[12] | 65 | 10 July 1943 | 07:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63718[27] 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk | |
—
|
30 June 1941 | —
|
Il-2 | vicinity of Dünaburg | 66 | 10 July 1943 | 13:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 st 63521[28] 15 km (9.3 mi) west-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
—
|
30 June 1941 | —
|
Il-2 | vicinity of Dünaburg | 67 | 13 July 1943 | 10:41 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63283[28] 45 km (28 mi) southeast of Oryol |
3 | 6 July 1941 | 15:36 | SB-2[12] | 68 | 13 July 1943 | 10:44 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63259[28] 40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Oryol | |
4 | 18 August 1941 | 06:00 | I-18 (MiG-1)[29] | 69 | 13 July 1943 | 10:45 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63256[28] 45 km (28 mi) southeast of Oryol | |
5 | 19 August 1941 | 14:36 | DB-3[29] | 70 | 13 July 1943 | 13:41 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63251[28] 40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Oryol | |
6 | 24 August 1941 | 11:07 | DB-3[30] | 71 | 16 July 1943 | 08:04 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54483[28] 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Bolkhov | |
7 | 8 September 1941 | 16:25 | R-5 | 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Lake Schinskoje[30] | 72 | 16 July 1943 | 09:41 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54357[28] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Zhizdra |
8 | 8 September 1941 | 16:50 | I-153![30][Note 1] | 73 | 16 July 1943 | 09:42 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54327[28] 30 km (19 mi) east-southeast of Zhizdra | |
9 | 12 September 1941 | 06:00 | I-153![30][Note 1] | 74 | 17 July 1943 | 06:32![Note 2] | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54478[33] 25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Bolkhov | |
10 | 21 September 1941 | 16:58 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Leningrad[30] | 75 | 17 July 1943 | 13:10![Note 3] | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 54684[33] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Karachev |
11 | 13 October 1941 | 14:18 | I-18 (MiG-1)[34] | 76 | 20 July 1943 | 12:38 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 64878[33] 25 km (16 mi) south of Mtsensk | |
12 | 13 December 1941 | 12:45 | DB-3[35] | 77 | 20 July 1943 | 12:56 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 64873[33] 25 km (16 mi) south of Mtsensk | |
13 | 27 February 1942 | 08:36 | I-16[36] | 78 | 27 July 1943 | 12:39 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44634[33] 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Karachev | |
14 | 20 March 1942 | 17:07 | P-40[37] | 79 | 28 July 1943 | 08:53 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54591[33] 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Karachev | |
15 | 20 March 1942 | 17:09 | P-40[37] | 80 | 28 July 1943 | 08:54 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54563[33] 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Karachev | |
16 | 14 May 1942 | 15:17 | SB-2[38] | 81 | 1 August 1943 | 14:18 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 54621[33] 20 km (12 mi) west of Bolchov | |
17 | 14 May 1942 | 15:18 | SB-2[39] | 82 | 2 August 1943 | 04:23 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54793[33] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Karachev | |
18 | 23 August 1942 | 09:20 | Il-2 | PQ 47871[40] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Subzow |
83 | 2 August 1943 | 14:39 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 53621[33] 40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Dmitrovsk |
19 | 7 September 1942 | 11:46 | Il-2 | PQ 00522[41] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Gatcina |
84 | 2 August 1943 | 14:41 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 53652[33] 40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Dmitrovsk |
20 | 23 September 1942 | 12:10 | I-16 | PQ 21733[42] 30 km (19 mi) north of Volkhov |
85 | 3 August 1943 | 08:47 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 53473[43] 25 km (16 mi) east of Dmitrovsk |
21 | 22 October 1942 | 09:08 | Il-2 | PQ 2152[42] | 86 | 3 August 1943 | 15:03 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54814[43] 35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Bolchov |
22♠ | 12 January 1943 | 10:32 | Yak-1 | PQ 00252[44] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-northeast of Schlüsselburg |
87♠ | 4 August 1943 | 11:44 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 44463[43] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Zhizdra |
23♠ | 12 January 1943 | 10:34 | Il-2 | PQ 00231[44] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Schlüsselburg |
88♠ | 4 August 1943 | 11:54 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54572[43] 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Karachev |
24♠ | 12 January 1943 | 10:44 | U-2 | PQ 10163[44] southeast of Schlüsselburg |
89♠ | 4 August 1943 | 15:13 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54841[43] 40 km (25 mi) east of Karachev |
25♠ | 12 January 1943 | 10:56 | Il-2 | PQ 10132[44] east of Schlüsselburg |
90♠ | 4 August 1943 | 15:26 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44832[43] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Karachev |
26♠ | 12 January 1943 | 14:20 | I-153 | PQ 00284[44] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Schlüsselburg |
91♠ | 4 August 1943 | 18:19 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 44833[43] vicinity of Karachev |
27♠ | 12 January 1943 | 14:25 | Il-2 | PQ 10192[44] east of Mga |
92♠ | 4 August 1943 | 18:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54833[43] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Karachev |
28 | 14 January 1943 | 11:15 | La-5 | PQ 10243[45] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Schlüsselburg |
93♠ | 4 August 1943 | 18:21 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 44664[43] 25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of Karachev |
29 | 16 January 1943 | 10:30 | Il-2 | PQ 00264[45] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Schlüsselburg |
94 | 5 August 1943 | 14:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54712[43] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Karachev |
30 | 24 January 1943 | 09:46 | La-5 | PQ 10161[46] southeast of Schlüsselburg |
95 | 7 September 1943 | 08:14 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 26683[47] 25 km (16 mi) north of Yartsevo |
31 | 26 January 1943 | 13:45 | Il-2 | PQ 00264[48] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Schlüsselburg |
96 | 7 September 1943 | 10:58 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 26213[47] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Schatalowka |
32 | 11 February 1943 | 09:42 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00424[49] Pushkin-Mga |
97 | 10 September 1943 | 15:08 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 26473[16] 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Maklok |
33 | 14 February 1943 | 13:20 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 10531[49] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Lubań |
98 | 11 September 1943 | 11:01![Note 4] | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 44124[16] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Kirov |
34 | 14 February 1943 | 13:45 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 10612[49] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Lubań |
99 | 12 September 1943 | 09:27 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 45871[16] 20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Kirov |
35 | 15 February 1943 | 08:28 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00462[49] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Tosno |
100 | 14 September 1943 | 16:12 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 26642[16] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Moschna |
36 | 19 February 1943 | 13:06 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10421[50] 35 km (22 mi) east-southeast of Mga |
101 | 14 September 1943 | 16:37![Note 5] | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 25654[16] 20 km (12 mi) east of Schatalowka |
37 | 19 February 1943 | 15:17 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 10612[50] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Lubań |
102 | 14 September 1943 | 16:40 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35573[16] 30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Yelnya |
38 | 19 February 1943 | 15:19 | I-180 (Yak-7) | PQ 36 Ost 10472[50] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Lubań |
103 | 15 September 1943 | 13:38![Note 6] | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35341[16] 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Yelnya |
39 | 19 February 1943 | 15:22 | Pe-2 | PQ 36 Ost 10422[50] 35 km (22 mi) east-southeast of Mga |
104 | 15 September 1943 | 13:40 | Pe-2![Note 7] | PQ 35 Ost 35311[16] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Smolensk |
40 | 21 February 1943 | 07:40 | I-16 | PQ 36 Ost 00293[50] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Mga |
105 | 30 September 1943 | 14:04 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 16873[51] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Andrejewo |
41 | 7 March 1943 | 07:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18221[52] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Staraya Russa |
106 | 5 October 1943 | 08:09 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 02734[51] |
42 | 7 March 1943 | 08:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19663[52] 35 km (22 mi) east-southeast of Novgorod |
107 | 5 October 1943 | 12:09 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 02673[51] 55 km (34 mi) northeast of Zelenogorsk |
43 | 10 March 1943 | 14:27 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19891[52] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Staraya Russa |
108 | 11 October 1943 | 14:41 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 06242[51] |
44 | 10 March 1943 | 14:32 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19822[52] 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Staraya Russa |
109 | 12 October 1943 | 11:13 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15552[53] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gorki |
45 | 14 March 1943 | 14:58 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18211[52] 20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Staraya Russa |
110 | 12 October 1943 | 11:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15553, Leninsk[53] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gorki |
46 | 14 March 1943 | 15:02 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19891[52] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Staraya Russa |
111 | 12 October 1943 | 14:44 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15554[53] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gorki |
47 | 15 March 1943 | 09:35 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19892[52] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Staraya Russa |
112 | 13 October 1943 | 10:11 | R-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15354, north-northwest of Krassnyj[53] north-northeast of Krassnoye |
48 | 1 April 1943 | 11:03 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 10873[54] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Cudovo |
113 | 14 October 1943 | 08:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15523 northeast of Gorki[53] |
49 | 1 April 1943 | 17:34 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 10364[54] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Mga |
114 | 14 October 1943 | 08:06 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15551 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gorki[53] |
50 | 11 June 1943 | 18:07 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 00162[55] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Leningrad |
115 | 15 October 1943 | 07:37 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 06243, northwest of Usswjaty[53] |
51 | 18 June 1943 | 17:11 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 20152[56] southwest of Volkhov |
116 | 15 October 1943 | 07:38 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 06243, northwest of Usswjaty[53] |
52 | 22 June 1943 | 02:19 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00514[56] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Gatcina |
117 | 15 October 1943 | 08:04 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 06814[53] |
53 | 22 June 1943 | 02:21 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00382[56] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Gatcina |
118 | 15 October 1943 | 14:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15713, south of Gorki[53] |
54 | 24 June 1943 | 06:47 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 10253[56] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Schlüsselburg |
119 | 17 October 1943 | 12:44 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 06144, southeast of Nevel[53] |
55 | 24 June 1943 | 06:49 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 10234[56] 35 km (22 mi) west of Volkhov |
120 | 19 October 1943 | 07:14 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 06214, Lake Ssennitza[53] |
56 | 5 July 1943 | 04:20 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63684[57] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Voltcansk |
121 | 22 October 1943 | 08:14 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15351, 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Orscha[53] |
57 | 5 July 1943 | 12:02 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63714, Nikolskoje[57] 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
122 | 23 October 1943 | 13:08 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 05493[58] |
58 | 5 July 1943 | 12:40 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63434[57] 45 km (28 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
123 | 28 October 1943 | 15:25 | LaGG-3 | southwest of Gomel[58] |
59 | 5 July 1943 | 12:41 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63781[57] 35 km (22 mi) north of Kursk |
124 | 5 November 1943 | 09:23 | Il-2 | northwest of Nevel[58] |
60 | 7 July 1943 | 05:16 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 63674[27] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Maloarkhangelsk |
125 | 5 November 1943 | 09:25 | Il-2 | southwest of Nevel[58] |
61 | 7 July 1943 | 11:08 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 53834[27] 55 km (34 mi) north-northwest of Kursk |
126 | 5 November 1943 | 14:42 | LaGG-3 | northwest of Lake Ssennitza[58] northwest of Jzenniza-See |
62 | 7 July 1943 | 11:10 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 63743[27] 20 km (12 mi) north of Maloarkhangelsk |
127 | 6 November 1943 | 12:10 | Il-2 | south-southeast of Nevel[58] |
63 | 9 July 1943 | 11:59 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63594[27] 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
|||||
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[59] | |||||||||
128 | 5 March 1944 | 08:29 | La-5 | PQ 7085 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Narva |
167 | 30 June 1944 | 18:40 | Yak-9 | |
129 | 6 March 1944 | 09:41 | La-5 | 168 | 30 June 1944 | 19:46 | Il-2 | ||
130 | 7 March 1944 | 11:27 | Il-2 | Baltic Sea 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Hungerburg | 169 | 30 June 1944 | 19:49 | Il-2 | |
131 | 7 March 1944 | 11:45 | Yak-1 | Baltic Sea 35 km (22 mi) northwest of Hungerburg | 170 | 1 July 1944 | 07:16 | P-39 | Novorzhev/Pskov |
132 | 8 March 1944 | 12:33 | La-5 | 50 km (31 mi) southwest of Narva | 171 | 2 July 1944 | 17:20 | P-39 | Novorzhev/Pskov |
133 | 8 March 1944 | 12:35 | La-5 | 25 km (16 mi) south of Slancy | 172 | 3 July 1944 | 11:43 | P-39 | Novorzhev/Pskov |
134 | 19 March 1944 | 16:27 | Yak-1 | Lake Peipus | 173 | 3 July 1944 | 11:45 | Il-2 | Novorzhev/Pskov |
135 | 19 March 1944 | 16:28 | Yak-9 | Lake Peipus | 174 | 4 July 1944 | 10:46 | Il-2 | vicinity of Polotsk |
136 | 26 March 1944 | 11:06 | R-5 | vicinity of Lake Peipus | 175 | 4 July 1944 | 15:46 | P-39 | vicinity of Polotsk |
137 | 26 March 1944 | 11:07 | R-5 | vicinity east of Lake Peipus | 176 | 10 July 1944 | 15:44 | P-39 | south of Subat |
138 | 26 March 1944 | 15:13 | Yak-9 | 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Narva | 177 | 16 July 1944 | 08:02 | P-39 | |
139 | 28 March 1944 | 11:11 | Yak-9 | Baltic Sea 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Kunda | 178 | 16 July 1944 | 09:34 | Il-2 | |
140 | 30 March 1944 | 08:25 | Pe-2 | Baltic Sea 75 km (47 mi) northeast of Kunda | 179 | 18 July 1944 | 16:47 | Yak-9 | south of Ostrov |
141 | 30 March 1944 | 08:30 | La-5 | Baltic Sea 35 km (22 mi) northeast of Kunda | 180 | 18 July 1944 | 17:05 | Yak-9 | south of Ostrov |
142 | 30 March 1944 | 15:28 | La-5 | Baltic Sea 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Hungerburg | 181 | 21 July 1944 | 09:20 | Il-2 | northwest of Utsyani |
143 | 1 April 1944 | 08:10 | Yak-9 | 30 km (19 mi) west of Gorodok | 182 | 21 July 1944 | 09:23 | Yak-9 | northwest of Utsyani |
144 | 2 April 1944 | 08:43 | La-5 | Gulf of Finland | 183 | 21 July 1944 | 14:45 | Yak-9 | |
145 | 2 April 1944 | 09:01 | La-5 | Gulf of Finland | 184 | 22 July 1944 | 15:54 | Il-2 | vicinity of Daugavpils |
146 | 2 April 1944 | 15:20 | Pe-2 | northeast of Kunda | 185 | 22 July 1944 | 15:55 | Il-2 | vicinity of Daugavpils |
147 | 2 April 1944 | 15:22 | Pe-2 | northeast of Kunda | 186 | 22 July 1944 | 15:57 | Il-2 | vicinity of Daugavpils |
148♠ | 4 April 1944 | 08:10 | Il-2 | Baltic Sea 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Kunda | 187 | 24 July 1944 | 15:43 | Pe-2 | |
149♠ | 4 April 1944 | 08:11 | Il-2 | Baltic Sea 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Kunda | 188 | 24 July 1944 | 15:46 | Pe-2 | |
150♠ | 4 April 1944 | 08:14 | LaGG-3 | northwest of Kunda | 189 | 29 July 1944 | 13:23 | Il-2 | vicinity of Svedasai |
151♠ | 4 April 1944 | 08:18 | LaGG-3 | northwest of Kunda | 190 | 29 July 1944 | 13:27 | Il-2 | vicinity of Svedasai |
152♠ | 4 April 1944 | 08:30 | La-5 | Baltic Sea 35 km (22 mi) west of Hungerburg | 191 | 1 August 1944 | 15:15 | Yak-9 | |
153 | 24 April 1944 | 17:17 | Yak-9 | Baltic Sea 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Kunda | 192 | 1 August 1944 | 15:17 | Yak-9 | |
154 | 24 April 1944 | 17:29 | La-5 | Baltic Sea 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Hungerburg | 193 | 1 August 1944 | 19:47 | Yak-9 | |
155 | 26 May 1944 | 19:07 | La-5 | Baltic Sea north-northeast of Hungerburg | 194 | 7 August 1944 | 19:00 | Yak-9 | northeast of Kreuzburg |
156 | 30 May 1944 | 10:17 | Pe-2 | 195 | 15 August 1944 | 09:26 | Yak-9 | ||
157 | 30 May 1944 | 21:03 | La-5 | Baltic Sea 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Hungerburg | 196 | 15 August 1944 | 17:39 | Yak-9 | |
158 | 2 June 1944 | 10:21 | LaGG-3 | 20 km (12 mi) south of Narva | 197 | 15 August 1944 | 18:17 | Il-2 | |
159 | 5 June 1944 | 20:33 | Yak-9 | Baltic Sea 75 km (47 mi) northeast of Kunda | 198 | 17 August 1944 | 08:39 | Pe-2 | |
160♠ | 28 June 1944 | 10:18 | Il-2 | 199 | 25 August 1944 | 08:47 | P-39 | ||
161♠ | 28 June 1944 | 10:20 | P-39 | 200 | 26 August 1944 | 10:09 | Yak-9 | ||
162♠ | 28 June 1944 | 10:22 | Il-2 | 201 | 26 August 1944 | 13:54 | La-5 | ||
163♠ | 28 June 1944 | 10:29 | P-39 | 202 | 27 August 1944 | 13:00 | Il-2 | ||
164♠ | 28 June 1944 | 14:32 | Il-2 | 203 | 28 August 1944 | 11:24 | Yak-9 | ||
165 | 29 June 1944 | 13:23 | P-39 | 204 | 28 August 1944 | 11:26 | Yak-9 | ||
166 | 30 June 1944 | 11:12 | P-39 | 205 | 28 August 1944 | 11:27 | Yak-9 | ||
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[60] | |||||||||
206 | 31 August 1944 | 17:46 | Il-2 | west of Mitau | 208 | 31 August 1944 | 17:49 | Il-2 | west of Mitau |
207 | 31 August 1944 | 17:47 | Il-2 | west of Mitau | |||||
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[61] | |||||||||
209♠ | 14 September 1944 | 10:40 | Yak-9 | 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Walk | 238 | 10 October 1944 | 09:12 | Il-2 | 20 km (12 mi) east of Riga |
210♠ | 14 September 1944 | 10:53 | Yak-9 | 40 km (25 mi) east of Weissenstein | 239 | 10 October 1944 | 09:12 | Il-2 | 20 km (12 mi) east of Riga |
211♠ | 14 September 1944 | 14:50 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) north-northwest of Kreuzburg | 240 | 14 October 1944 | 11:02 | La-5 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Riga |
212♠ | 14 September 1944 | 14:51 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) north-northwest of Kreuzburg | 241 | 16 October 1944 | 11:02 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) south-southwest of Tukkum |
213♠ | 14 September 1944 | 14:52 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) north-northwest of Kreuzburg | 242 | 16 October 1944 | 11:04 | La-5 | 25 km (16 mi) south of Tukkum |
214♠ | 14 September 1944 | 14:53 | Yak-9 | 40 km (25 mi) north-northwest of Kreuzburg | 243 | 16 October 1944 | 14:26 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Mitau |
215 | 15 September 1944 | 15:39 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) south of Riga | 244 | 16 October 1944 | 14:28 | Il-2 | 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Mitau |
216 | 15 September 1944 | 15:40 | Il-2 | 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Mitau | 245 | 17 October 1944 | 13:17 | La-5 | 40 km (25 mi) south-southwest of Mitau |
217 | 16 September 1944 | 17:12 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Pasewalk | 246 | 18 October 1944 | 13:36 | Il-2 | 30 km (19 mi) north of Telšiai |
218 | 17 September 1944 | 08:39 | Pe-2 | 45 km (28 mi) south-souteast of Riga | 247 | 18 October 1944 | 13:37 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) north of Telšiai |
219 | 17 September 1944 | 08:40 | P-39 | 45 km (28 mi) south-souteast of Riga | 248 | 22 October 1944 | 15:50 | Yak-3 | 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Libau |
220 | 17 September 1944 | 08:41 | Pe-2 | 40 km (25 mi) north of Pasewalk | 249♠ | 27 October 1944 | 09:50 | Yak-9 | 45 km (28 mi) north-northeast of Telšiai |
221 | 20 September 1944 | 11:10 | Yak-9 | 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Riga | 250♠ | 27 October 1944 | 09:51 | Yak-9 | 45 km (28 mi) north-northeast of Telšiai |
222 | 20 September 1944 | 11:12 | Yak-9 | 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Riga | 251♠ | 27 October 1944 | 09:57 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Libau |
223 | 22 September 1944 | 10:15 | La-5 | 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Riga | 252♠ | 27 October 1944 | 11:48 | Pe-2 | 40 km (25 mi) east of Libau |
224 | 28 September 1944 | 11:30 | Pe-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Riga | 253♠ | 27 October 1944 | 11:50 | Pe-2 | 25 km (16 mi) south of Libau |
225 | 28 September 1944 | 11:30 | Pe-2 | 30 km (19 mi) south of Mālpils | 254♠ | 27 October 1944 | 13:24 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) north-northwest of Telšiai |
226 | 28 September 1944 | 11:37 | Pe-2 | 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Mālpils | 255♠ | 27 October 1944 | 13:32 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) southeast of Libau |
227 | 28 September 1944 | 11:38 | Yak-9 | 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Mālpils | 256♠ | 29 October 1944 | 09:42 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) east of Libau |
228 | 30 September 1944 | 11:35 | Yak-9 | 30 km (19 mi) south-southeast of Mālpils | 257♠ | 29 October 1944 | 09:45 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) south of Goldingen |
229 | 30 September 1944 | 11:36 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Riga | 258♠ | 29 October 1944 | 11:57 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Libau |
230 | 30 September 1944 | 11:38 | Il-2 | 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Mālpils | 259♠ | 29 October 1944 | 12:09 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) south of Goldingen |
231 | 7 October 1944 | 15:10 | Yak-9 | 20 km (12 mi) west of Wenden | 260♠ | 29 October 1944 | 12:10 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Libau |
232♠ | 9 October 1944 | 08:55 | Il-2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Riga | 261♠ | 29 October 1944 | 12:11 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Libau |
233♠ | 9 October 1944 | 08:56 | Il-2 | 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Riga | 262 | 30 October 1944 | 13:22 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) north-northwest of Telšiai |
234♠ | 9 October 1944 | 08:58 | Il-2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Riga | 263 | 30 October 1944 | 13:52 | Il-2 | 40 km (25 mi) east of Libau |
235♠ | 9 October 1944 | 13:02 | Il-2 | 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Riga | 264 | 30 October 1944 | 15:26 | Il-2 | 45 km (28 mi) east-southeast of Libau |
236♠ | 9 October 1944 | 13:04 | Il-2 | 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Riga | 265 | 19 November 1944 | 11:40 | La-5 | |
237 | 10 October 1944 | 09:11 | La-5 | 20 km (12 mi) east of Riga | —
|
14 February 1945 | —
|
Il-2 | vicinity of Dzukste |
Awards
- Wound Badge in Black[62]
- Honorary Cup of the Luftwaffe on 21 December 1942 as Feldwebel and pilot[63]
- Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "500"[62]
- Combined Pilots-Observation Badge[62]
- German Cross in Gold on 18 March 1943 as Feldwebel in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 54[64][Note 8]
- Iron Cross (1939)
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
- Knight's Cross on 29 October 1943 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 54[67][Note 9]
- 449th Oak Leaves on 11 April 1944 as Leutnant (war officer) pilot in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54[23][68]
- 113th Swords on 25 November 1944 as Oberleutnant (war officer) and Staffelkapitän of the 2./Jagdgeschwader 54[23][69]
Notes
- ^ a b According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk.[31]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 06:35.[32]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:16.[32]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 11:05.[32]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 16:38.[32]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:28.[32]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Ilyushin Il-2.[32]
- ^ According to Thomas on 26 February 1943.[65]
- ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./JG 54.[23]
References
Citations
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 123.
- ^ Scutts 1992, p. 145.
- ^ Sims 1970, p. 174.
- ^ Bergström 2008, p. 103.
- ^ Stockert 2007, p. 105.
- ^ Kurowski 2007, pp. 147–148.
- ^ Kurowski 2007, pp. 10–11.
- ^ Knell 2009, pp. 194–195.
- ^ Norris 2008, p. 41.
- ^ Freeman 2008, p. 94.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 184.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2003, p. 199.
- ^ Weal 1998, p. 16.
- ^ a b Weal 1998, p. 84.
- ^ Bergström 2007, p. 106.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2012, p. 184.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
- ^ Scutts 1992, p. 101.
- ^ Stockert 2007, p. 106.
- ^ Stockert 2007, p. 107.
- ^ a b Stockert 2007, p. 108.
- ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 39.
- ^ a b c d Scherzer 2007, p. 444.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 634–639.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 634–637.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 177.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 178.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 201.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 202.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 634.
- ^ a b c d e f Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 636.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 179.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 203.
- ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 199.
- ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 200.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2005, p. 202.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 85.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 86.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 91.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 93.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 94.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2012, p. 180.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2006, p. 96.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 98.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 99.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 183.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 100.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 169.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 170.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 185.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 171.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2012, p. 186.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 173.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 174.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 175.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 176.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 187.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 637–638.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 638.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 638–639.
- ^ a b c Berger 1999, p. 152.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 117.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 230.
- ^ Thomas 1997, p. 367.
- ^ a b Kurowski 2007, p. 149.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 257.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 81.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 46.
Bibliography
- Berger, Florian (1999). Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges [With Oak Leaves and Swords. The Highest Decorated Soldiers of the Second World War] (in German). Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. ISBN 978-3-9501307-0-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bergström, Christer (2007). Kursk—The Air Battle: July 1943. Hersham, Surrey: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-88-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bergström, Christer (2008). Bagration to Berlin—The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945. Burgess Hill: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bergström, Christer. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Freeman, Gregory A. (2008). The Forgotten 500: The Untold Story of the Men Who Risked All for the Greatest Rescue Mission of World War II. New York, New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-451-22495-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Knell, Herman (2009). To Destroy a City: Strategic Bombing and Its Human Consequences in World War II. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-7867-4849-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Kurowski, Franz (2007). Oberleutnant Otto Kittel—Der erfolgreichste Jagdflieger des Jagdgeschwaders 54 [First Lieutenant Otto Kittel—The Most Successful Fighter Pilot of Fighter Wing 54] (in German). Würzburg, Germany: Flechsig Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88189-733-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Matthews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Norris, David A. (2008). Belgrade: A Cultural History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970452-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939–1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941–1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941–1945 History and Recipients] (in German). Vol. II. Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Scutts, Jerry (1992). JG 54: Jagdgeschwader 54 Grunherz: Aces of the Eastern Front. Osceola, Wisconsin: Motorbooks. ISBN 978-0-87938-718-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Sims, Edward (1970). The Greatest Aces. New York: Ballantine Books. OCLC 1349435.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Stockert, Peter (2007). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 5 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945] (in German). Vol. V. Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. OCLC 76072662.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945: A–K] (in German). Vol. I. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Weal, John (1998). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Russian Front. London: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-85532-518-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Weal, John (2001). Jagdgeschwader 54 'Grünherz'. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-286-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
External links
- Henning, Bastian (4 April 2015). "An einem Waldrand enden die Spuren" [The Tracks end at the Edge of a Forest]. Badische Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 18 February 2016.
- Luftwaffe pilots
- German World War II flying aces
- Recipients of the Gold German Cross
- Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
- Silesian-German people
- People from Bruntál District
- Aviators killed by being shot down
- German military personnel killed in World War II
- 1917 births
- 1945 deaths